An Environmental-Friendly Ni-Electroplating onto Cu at a Supercritical State

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Ji Young Park ◽  
Jae Duck Kim ◽  
Youn Woo Lee ◽  
Jong Sung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Supercritical Condition ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Supercritical State ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Plating Solution

Electroplating using a Ni-plating solution/CO2 macroemulsion was carried out at a supercritical condition. This method is that the Ni+2 ions in the macroemulsion using a surfactant have been deposited onto Cu. For forming the macroemulsion, we synthesized the fluorocarbonhydrocarbon surfactants, that is, sodium salt of bis (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol) sulfosuccinate with both ‘CO2 philic’ chains and the ‘hydrophilic' head group. The Cu plate, screw and chip as complicated shaped metals were plated by using this method. And the plated ware performed by this method was compared with that performed by the conventional method (electroplating at 1atm) to evaluate the effectiveness of the effective plating process.

Head-group effect of surfactants of cationic type in interaction with propoxylated sodium salt of polyacrylic acid in aqueous solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 527 ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyafaddin H. Asadov ◽  
Shafiga M. Nasibova ◽  
Gulnara A. Ahmadova ◽  
Fedor I. Zubkov ◽  
Ravan A. Rahimov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Group Effect

Theoretical Investigation of Methane’s Dehydrogen-Reforming with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide over Transition Metals (Pt,Rh,Ru)

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 919-922
Author(s):  
Wen Yuan Xu ◽  
Jing Tang ◽  
Wei Long ◽  
Lin Hu ◽  
San Guo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Theoretical Investigation ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Supercritical Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supercritical State ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Specific Activities

Abstract. A mechanism of the dehydrogen-reforming of methane with carbon dioxide over Pt, Rh and Ru under a supercritical condition was investigated by B3LYP/Lanl2dz and MP2 methods. Results show that the reforming reaction divided into six steps under the supercritical state, the rate-determining steps of the reaction over the different transition metals were not the same. Dehydrogenation plays a significant role pin the process of reforming reaction. For Pt, Rh and Ru, the easiest step is the same-step 1. All of the other steps were exothermic reactions. The process of reaction over Pt, Rh and Ru were similar with the reaction over Ni. For Pt, the CO2 Specific activities of four kinds of the transition metals were in the order: Pt>Rh>Ru.

The Effect of Adding Organic Solvents on the Phase Behavior in Water/Surfactant/scCO2 Microemulsion in Supercritical State

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 886-892
Author(s):  
Ji Young Park ◽  
Chang Ha Lee ◽  
K.P. Yoo ◽  
Jong Sung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Solubility Parameter ◽  
Supercritical State ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Water/CO2 (W/C) microemulsion was formed by sodium salt of bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octa fluoro-1-pentyl)-2-sulfosuccinate and the phase behavior of this emulsion was investigated in supercritical state. In addition, the change of the phase behavior of W/C microemulsion was observed when various organic solvents were added into this microemulsion. The added organic solvents are isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol, methanol, pyridine, 2-methoxyethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone, and 1,4-dioxane. According to the results, the phase behavior of W/C microemulsion depended on the temperature and pressure and the microemulsion was thermodynamically stable in the special range of pressure. In case of W/C microemulsion with organic solvents, the phase behavior of this system was affected by the solubility parameter of organic solvents.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Review on Acceptance of Silent Piling Technology Among Designers in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1471-1475
Author(s):  
Zaiton Ibrahim ◽  
Nor Azizi Yusoff ◽  
Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani ◽  
Nur Abidah Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Quantitative Review ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Bored Piles

Normally, the conventional method of piling that uses percussion, vibration or bored piles is less environmental friendly and may contributes to environmental problems. The study was conducted in order to identify the potential of silent piling technology for sustainable implementation. In addition, it is also useful to evaluate the acceptance of this technology and the level of technical knowledge among the engineers who are involved in construction industry, especially in Malaysia. Quantitative research using questionnaires was considered for this study in order to gain relevant information. The questionnaire was distributed to 43 companies that are registered under ACEM (Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia). The result shows that there is a great potential for silent piling technology in Malaysia. The technology is accepted among designers at the highest level. Meanwhile, the technical knowledge regarding silent piling technology is also at the highest level. In addition, the result also shows that Press-in technology is highly recommended for the construction industry for sustainable implementation. In conclusion, it is hope that suggestions and strategies can be synergized so that sustainable technology, such as Press-in technology, is applied in Malaysia. The technology is not only useful for the designer, but also the industry, local authorities and universities.

scholarly journals Unraveling amyloid formation paths of Parkinson's disease protein α-synuclein triggered by anionic vesicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Kiskis ◽  
Istvan Horvath ◽  
Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede ◽  
Sandra Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Amyloid Formation ◽  
Amyloid Fibers ◽  
Lipid Head Group

AbstractAmyloid formation of the synaptic brain proteinα-synuclein (αS) is related to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease patients.αS is thought to function in vesicle transport and fusion and it binds strongly to negatively charged vesiclesin vitro. Here we combined circular dichroism, fluorescence and imaging methodsin vitroto characterize the interaction ofαS with negatively charged vesicles of DOPS (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine, sodium salt) and DOPG (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol), sodium salt) and the consequences of such interactions onαS amyloid formation. We found that lipid head-group chemistry modulatesαS interactions and also affects amyloid fiber formation. During the course of the experiments, we made the unexpected discovery that pre-formedαS oligomers, typically present in a small amount in theαS starting material, acted as templates for linear growth of anomalous amyloid fibers in the presence of vesicles. At the same time, the remainingαS monomers were restricted from vesicle-mediated nucleation of amyloid fibers. Although not a dominant process in bulk experiments, this hiddenαS aggregation pathway may be of importancein vivo.

Soft ionic liquid based resistive memory characteristics in a two terminal discrete polydimethylsiloxane cylindrical microchannel

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 13368-13374
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Khan ◽  
Gul Hassan ◽  
Jinho Bae
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Resistive Memory ◽  
Cylindrical Microchannel ◽  
Memory Characteristics ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

This paper proposes a novel soft ionic liquid (IL) electrically functional device that displays resistive memory characteristics using poly(acrylic acid) partial sodium salt (PAA-Na+:H2O) solution gel and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cylindrical microchannel.

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