Study on Metabolic System for Water-Soluble Coolant — Machining Performance and Long-Term Stability of Recycled Coolant

2009 ◽  
Vol 407-408 ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamaguchi ◽  
Yasuo Kondo ◽  
Satoshi Sakamoto ◽  
Shu Kohira
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Machining Performance ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

To reduce the management cost and environmental load of water-soluble coolant, authors have been studying on a metabolic system for water-soluble coolant. More than 90% of waste water-soluble coolant is composed of water phase. If the oily additives and contaminants can be isolated from the waste coolant, the amount of waste coolant decreases remarkably because the recycled water can be reutilized as a diluent of renewal coolant. Authors has been developed some types of water recovery methods for the metabolic system. To complete the metabolic system for water-soluble coolant, the coolant diluted with recovered water should have the same machining performance and long-term stability as those of coolant diluted with tap water. In this report, we examined the machining performance and ability change of water-soluble coolant diluted with recycled water under operations encountered in machine tool.

scholarly journals Long-Term Stability of 18 Nutritional Biomarkers Stored at −20 °C and 5 °C for up to 12 Months

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Huiping Chen ◽  
Maya R Sternberg ◽  
Rosemary L Schleicher ◽  
Christine M Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reference Condition ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Storage

Abstract Background Consistent information on long-term storage stability for a broad range of nutritional biomarkers is lacking. We investigated the stability of 18 biomarkers stored at suboptimal temperatures (−20 °C and 5 °C) for up to 12 months. Methods Multiple vials of serum or whole blood pools (3 concentrations) were stored at −20 °C or 5 °C, removed from the −20 °C freezer after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and from the 5 °C refrigerator after 6 and 12 months, and placed into a −70 °C freezer until analysis at study completion. Vials stored continuously at −70 °C were used as the reference condition for optimal storage. We measured 18 biomarkers: 4 iron status, 1 inflammation, 8 water-soluble vitamin, and 5 fat-soluble vitamin. For each temperature, we calculated geometric mean concentrations and average percent changes of geometric means across pools relative to the reference condition estimated from a linear mixed model. Results Most biomarkers (13 of 18) showed no difference in concentration after 12 months of storage at −20 °C. Serum ferritin (1.5%), soluble transferrin receptor (−1.7%), and folate (−10.5%) showed small to moderate significant changes at 6 months, but changes were acceptable based on biologic variability. Serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (−18.6% at 9 months) and vitamin C (−23% at 6 months) showed large and unacceptable changes at −20 °C. All serum fat-soluble vitamins and iron status indicators, vitamin B12, total homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid showed acceptable changes when stored at 5 °C for up to 12 months. Conclusions Overall, we found good long-term stability for multiple nutritional biomarkers stored at suboptimal temperatures.

Long-term stability of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with high efficiency under high humidity conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Sun ◽  
Yihui Wu ◽  
Xiang Fang ◽  
Linjun Xu ◽  
Zhijie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite

Perovskite solar cells with superior tolerance to humidity (85–95% RH) and long-term stability have been achieved via adding a certain amount of a cost-effective and available water soluble additive, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

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