Effect of Red Extractives of Plantation Leaves on Bamboo Biomass Mildewing

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 419-423
Author(s):  
Feng Juan Wu ◽  
Wan Xi Peng ◽  
Dao Chun Qin ◽  
Fang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Outdoor Test

Bamboo is so easy to get mildewed that bamboo products are still low value added. Therefore, the effect of red extractives from 28 tree leaves on bamboo biology mildewing was studied basing on full-factor test. The result was as follows: (1) most red extractives of tree leaves can inhibit the growth of P. expansum, but a few can inhibit the growth of A. alternate; (2) The red extractives from tree leaves of Deodar cedar, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus dunnii and pear were the most effective to control spore germination of P. expansum, and those of Manglietia glauca, Osmanthus fragrans, and Melia toosendanin were the most effective to control spore germination of A. alternata; (3) The effect of the red extractives from Pinus taeda, Eucalyptus grandis and Santalum album on bamboo biomass mildewing was highly remarkable on mildew-proof by outdoor test. Our result pointed out the direction for the development of the biological mildew inhibitor from tree leaves. Key words. tree leaves, bamboo biomass, benzene/alcohol extractives

Effect of Red Extractives of Plantation Woods on Bamboo Mildewing

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Juan Wu ◽  
Wan Xi Peng ◽  
Xian Yan Zhou ◽  
Qing Zhi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Outdoor Test ◽  
The One

Bamboo is so easily Mouldy that bamboo products have no high value added utilization. Therefore, the effect of red extractives from 18 plantation woods on bamboo biology moulding was studied based on full-factor test. The results were: (1) The red extractives of plantation could mostly inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum, but a few could inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger. (2) The red extractives of Cunninghamia lanceolata bark and shavings, Deodar cedar branch, Eucalyptus dunnii bark, Eucalyptus tereticornis bark, Bagasse, Eucalyptus camaldulensis branch and shaving were the most effective in controlling spore germination of Penicillium expansum, and the one raphiolepsis branch was the most effective in controlling spore germination of Aspergillus niger. (3) The effect of the red extractives from Cunninghamia lanceolata bark and shaving, Deodar cedar branch, cypress branch, Eucalyptus tereticornis branch on bamboo moulding was highly remarkable on outdoor test. So the plantation woods could be used as biologic mould inhibitor for bamboo.

Study on Biomedical Resources of Benzene/Alcohol Extractives of Eucalyptus Leaves by GC/MS

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 2231-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Xi Peng ◽  
Feng Juan Wu ◽  
Yi Qiang Wu ◽  
Zhong Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Coumarin 6

Eucalyptus leaves have been used as a common traditional herbal medicine for more than 200 years. In order to further utilize Eucalyptus leaves in biomedicine and put forward new ideas for biomedical manufacturing, the biomedical resources of extractives of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus grandis leaves were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that: 1) The main constituents of benzene/ethanol extractives in E. dunnii leaves were α-amyrin(9.05%), cyclohexyl-15-crown-5-(6.51%), 1,4,7, 10,13,16-hexaoxanonadecane, 18-propyl-(6.09%), vitamin E (5.83%), 1,19-eicosadiene(5.65%), 1,4-dioxane-2,6-dimethanol(5.32%), coumarin-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro -4,4-dimethyl-7-nitro-(4.42%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)- (4.21%), benzene, 1,2,3 -trimethoxy-5-methyl(3.45%), etc. 2) The main constituents of benzene/ethanol extractives in E. grandis leaves were (-)-globulol (7.35%), 1,2,3-benzenetriol(7.17%), D-allose(6.37%), 2- furancarboxaldehyde,5-(hydroxymethyl)-(6.33%), N1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N3-methylguanidine acetate(5.35%), 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxanonade–cane,18-propyl-(3.95%), vitamin E(3.26%), cyclohexyl-15-crown-5-(3.13%), eucalyptol(2.91%), etc. The results of function analyses suggested that the benzene/ethanol extractives of both E. dunnii and E. grandis leaves were abundant in materials of noble natural biomedicines, and also contained constituents which could be developed into top value-added materials of cosmetics and health care.

scholarly journals Utilização de madeiras de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus dunnii para produção de painéis de partículas orientadas – OSB.

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setsuo Iwakiri ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Camargo de Albuquerque ◽  
José Guilherme Prata ◽  
Abel Cardoso Buarque Costa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade de utilização de madeiras de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus dunnii para produção de painéis OSB. Foram produzidos em laboratório painéis com densidade nominal de 0,70 e 1,0 g/cm³, com 100% de partículas de Pinus taeda, Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus dunnii, além de painéis com mistura de 50% de Pinus taeda na camada interna do painel, com 50% de Eucalyptus grandis e 50% de Eucalyptus dunnii.. Os painéis de Eucalyptus grandis com densidade de 0,70 g/cm³, considerada padrão comercial, apresentaram valores de propriedades compatíveis com os requisitos da norma canadense (CSA) e européia EN, e também em relação aos painéis de Pinus taeda usados como testemunhas. Os resultados dos ensaios mecânicos demonstraram incremento expressivo nos valores de MOE e MOR em flexão estática com aumento na densidade do painel, abrindo a probabilidade de uso de painéis com maior densificação para aplicações que requeiram maior resistência do painel OSB. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam a viabilidade de utilização de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis como espécie alternativa para produção de painéis OSB no Brasil.

scholarly journals Comparative Dynamics of Above-Ground Litter Production and Decomposition from Eucalyptus Grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus Taeda L., and Their Contribution to Soil Organic Carbon

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Andrés Baietto ◽  
Jorge Hernández ◽  
Amabelia del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The replacement of native pasture by exotic commercial forest species is an infrequent situation worldwide. In these systems, a new component is introduced, forest litter, which constitutes one of the main ways of incorporating carbon into the soil–plant system. The present work seeks to establish a methodological approach to study the dynamics of litter production and decomposition in an integrated way. The general objective was to characterize and compare the litter production dynamics in 14-year-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L. commercial plantations. During two years, seasonal evaluations of fall, decomposition and accumulation of litter were carried out in stands of both species. In turn, the contribution of carbon from forest species to the soil through isotopic analysis techniques was quantified. Litterfall in E. grandis showed maximums during the spring of the first year and in the spring and summer of the second. In P. taeda, the maximums occurred in summer of the first year and in autumn of the second. In relation to the decomposition rate, the results based on short periods of evaluation between 15 and 21 months did not show differences between species, nor for the different moments of beginning of the evaluation, obtaining average values of 0.0369 month−1 for E. grandis and 0.0357 month−1 for P. taeda. In turn, both the decomposition rate of the material as a whole and the estimates of accumulated biomass in equilibrium state did not show significant differences between the species. Additionally, there was a relevant incorporation of carbon into the soil by forest species, fundamentally in the first few centimeters, substituting an important proportion of the carbon inherited by the original cover of native pastures. Finally, it is necessary to specify that the scope of the findings obtained is greatly limited by the sample size used in this study.

THE ENVIRONMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LEGAL AND TAX ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
Seymur Firdovsi Huseynov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Key Words ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Consumer Rights

The growth of e-commerce in world trade has been so rapid that the legal systems of states and societies have been unprepared for the challenges that have arisen. These problems were not only related to the protection of consumer rights in the electronic environment, but also other legal, ethical and taxing issues. This article analyzes the legal and taxing problems posed by e-commerce, the conditions under which they arise, and the legislative techniques provided for in EU legislation in relation to the solution of these problems. Key words: e-commerce, taxation problems, legal problems, European value added tax

scholarly journals Painéis Compensados Fabricados com Lâminas de Três Espécies de Eucaliptos

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kazmierczak ◽  
Everton Hillig ◽  
Setsuo Iwakiri
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
E 32

RESUMO O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade de painéis compensados produzidos com lâminas de Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus dunnii e o híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, em diferentes composições de misturas. Foram produzidos painéis com 500 × 500 × 14 mm e sete camadas de lâminas, coladas com fenol-formaldeído (FF), na gramatura de 360 g. m-2 em linha dupla e teores de sólidos de 28% e 32%. A prensagem dos painéis foi realizada a 130 °C, 12 kgf. cm-2 e 15 minutos. Analisaram-se as propriedades massa específica, umidade, absorção d’água, inchamento em espessura, cisalhamento na linha de cola e flexão estática. Os resultados foram comparados aos requisitos do catálogo técnico da ABIMCI e das normas EN 314-2 e DIN 68792. Os painéis de Eucalyptus dunnii apresentaram menores valores de propriedades mecânicas, com tendência de aumento quando em misturas. Os painéis de Eucalyptus saligna e do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis apresentaram bons resultados, tanto puros como em mistura com as outras espécies.

scholarly journals Impact of Distance between Strip Roads on Productivity and Costs of a Forwarder in Commercial Thinning of Pinus Taeda Stands

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Oscar Manuel de Jesús Vera Cabral ◽  
Eduardo da Silva Lopes ◽  
Carla Krulikowski Rodrigues ◽  
Afonso Figueiredo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Selective Harvest ◽  
Thinning Operations ◽  
The Impact

Demand for higher value-added wood products stimulates research for new, mainly mechanized, thinning operations in order to increase productivity and reduce production costs. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of distance between strip roads on forwarder productivity and costs of thinning operations in Pinus taeda stands. The study was carried out in 10-year-old Pinus taeda stands located in Parana State, Brazil. Two thinning methods were evaluated: (1) TH5: systematic harvest in every fifth tree row and selective harvest in adjacent rows; and (2) TH7: systematic harvest in every seventh tree row and selective harvest in adjacent rows. Working cycle times, productivity and costs were determined through a time-motion study of the forwarder. The additional variables evaluated were wood assortments (industrial wood and energy wood) and extraction distances (50, 100, 150 and 200 m), and mean values were compared between thinning methods using t tests for independent samples (α=0.05). Loading and unloading elements consumed the most time in the working cycle, with lower participation time in TH7 due to greater availability of logs along the strip roads (higher pile volumes), influencing total cycle time up to the mean distance of 150 m for both assortments. TH7 consequently showed 6% higher productivity, its energy yield was 5.3% lower and its production cost was 3.0% lower.

scholarly journals Profissionais da sociedade de informação: o information broker

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (194) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Job Information ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Information Brokers ◽  
Information Broker

Descreve as atividades do intermediário da informação information broker), como um profissional da sociedade da informação. Apresenta sua origem histórica, formação acadêmica e funções que esse deve desempenhar no contexto do oferecimento de serviços e produtos de informação de valor agregado. Destaca a necessidade de critérios para a seleção adequada desse profissional e a complexidade envolvida no planejamento e estruturação de serviços de consultoria desta natureza. O desenvolvimento e popularização das redes de informação e o potencial acesso de dados por um número cada vez mais amplo de indivíduos, apresenta um desafio ao information broker, do qual se exigirá um alto grau de criatividade e de resposta qualitativa às demandas de informação de indivíduos e grupos. Palavras-chave: serviços e produtos de informação; intermediação de informação; profissionais de informação. Abstract It describes the information broker's activities as a professional in the information society. It presents an historical approach as well as it's academic formation and functions concerning information products and services which have value-added. In order to choose correctly this sort of professional, employers must decide under specific criteria, foreseeing the complexity involved on this kind of consultant job. Information brokers must be aware about the changes in the process of seeking information, that already put them under pressure, in order to offer new, qualitative and creative information products and services, oriented to save time and money from their clients. Key-words: information services and products; information brokerage; information professionals.

VALUE ADDED TAX IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Nigar Yadulla Shahgaldiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Manufactured Goods ◽  
The Difference

Value-added tax is an indirect tax based on the sale value of goods, production and non-manufactured goods as an object of taxation. According to the mechanism and procedures for the calculation and payment of value added tax, this tax is not directly imposed by a particular person, but applies to consumers in the process of return. In this case, the value added tax is neutral for securities. In addition, value added tax is universal and is characterized by the difference between purchases at each stage of production and turnover. In connection with the calculation of value added tax, the taxpayer's tax liability to the budget consists of the difference between the amount of tax assessed on taxable turnover and the amount of tax to be deducted in accordance with the documents. Key words: European Union, value Added Tax, tax, tax system

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