Recycling Chips of Stainless Steel by High Energy Ball Milling

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Claudiney de Sales Pereira Mendonça ◽  
Vander Alkmin dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Mateus Morais Junqueira ◽  
Daniela Sachs ◽  
Leonardo Albergaria Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Vanadium Carbides

Stainless steel components produced by powder metallurgy constitute an important and growing segment of the industry. The high energy ball milling process can be an alternative for the recycling of the stainless steel chips. A major advantage of stainless steel is its ability to be recyclable. The reuse of recyclable materials has as main objectives to minimize the environmental impacts and to rationalize the use of the energy chains. This work aims at the production of stainless steel, starting from machining chips pure, and with the addition of vanadium carbides by high energy planetary milling with ball to powder weight ratio 20:1, and mill speed of 350 rpm milled in argon atmosphere for 50h. The compaction of stainless steel samples with vanadium carbide was made in a cylindrical matrix at a pressure of 700 Mpa. The sintering process was performed in a vacuum atmosphere furnace at a temperature of 1200 ° C for 1h. Through the milling process with the addition of carbide it was possible to produce stainless steel powder with a mean particle size of 49 μm. By X-ray diffraction was observed the appearance of the ferritic, austenitic phase and the martensitic phase induced by deformation phase that remained even after the sintering. The density of the sintered material is around 77% of the melt, and the obtained porosity was low.

scholarly journals Effect of Ball Size on the Microstructure and Morphology of Mg Powders Processed by High-Energy Ball Milling

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Jesus Rios ◽  
Alex Restrepo ◽  
Alejandro Zuleta ◽  
Francisco Bolívar ◽  
Juan Castaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Energy Ball

Commercial powders of pure magnesium were processed by high-energy ball milling. The microstructural and morphological evolution of the powders was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). From the results obtained, it was determined that the ball size is the most influential milling parameter. This was because balls of 1 mm diameter were used after a previous stage of milling with larger balls (i.e., 10 and 3 mm). The powder particles presented an unusual morphology with respect to those observed in the Mg-milling literature and recrystallization phenomena. Moreover, the result strongly varied depending on the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR) used during the milling process.

High-Energy Ball Milling and Hot Pressing of the Ni-48Ti-2Sn and Ni-45Ti-5Sn Powder Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Leandro Koji Kayano ◽  
Daniel Murusawa ◽  
Gilda Maria Cortez Pereira ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Steel Balls

This work presents the results on the high-energy ball milling and hot pressing of Ni-48Ti-2Sn and Ni-45Ti-5Sn (at-%) powder mixtures. The milling process was performed in a planetary ball mill using stainless steel vial (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter), rotary speed of 300 rpm, and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Samples were collected into the vial after different milling times: 60, 180 and 300 min. In the sequence, wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) was adopted up to 720 min in order to increase the powder yield into the vials. The as-milled and hot-pressed samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Results indicated that the ductile particles were promptly cold-welded during the initial milling times. XRD patterns of the Ni-48Ti-2Sn powder mixture indicated that the peaks of Ni, Ti and Sn disappeared after milling for 3h. Following, peaks of NiTi and Ni4Ti3were preferentially formed during milling of Ni-Ti-Sn powders. A large amount of fine powders was yielded into the vial after wet milling for 720 min only. No significant carbon or oxygen contamination was detected by EDS analysis. Hot pressing produced homogeneous and dense samples which presented microstructures containing a large amount of the NiTi compound.

Preparation of Ni-Ti-Mo and Ni-Ti-Mo-Zr Alloys by High-Energy Ball Milling and Subsequent Hot Pressing

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Gilda Maria Cortez Pereira ◽  
Marisa Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Tomaz Manabu Hashimoto ◽  
Vinicius André Rodrigues Henriques ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

This work discusses on the preparation of Ni-45Ti-5Mo, Ni-40Ti-10Mo and Ni-46Ti-2Mo-2Zr (at-%) alloys by high-energy ball milling and hot pressing, which are potentially attractive for dental and medical applications. The milling process was performed in stainless steel balls (19mm diameter) and vials (225 mL) using a rotary speed of 300rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Hot pressing under vacuum was performed in a BN-coated graphite crucible at 900°C for 1 h using a load of 20 MPa. The milled and hot-pressed materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron scanning microscopy, and electron dispersive spectrometry. Peaks of B2-NiTi and Ni4Ti3were identified in XRD patterns of Ni-45Ti-5Mo, Ni-40Ti-10Mo and Ni-46Ti-2Mo-2Zr powders milled for 1h. The NiTi compound dissolved small Mo amounts lower than 4 at%, which were measured by EDS analysis. Moreover, it was identified the existence of an unknown Mo-rich phase in microstructures of the hot-pressed Ni-Ti-Mo alloys.

Carbon tubes produced during high-energy ball milling process

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Li ◽  
L.J. Wang ◽  
G.Z. Bai ◽  
W. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Energy Ball

Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 ceramics via reactive sintering of partially reacted mixture produced by a high-energy ball milling process

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1636-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Kong ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
T. S. Zhang ◽  
W. Zhu ◽  
O. K. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Reactive Sintering ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Ball Milling Process ◽  
Energy Ball

Partially reacted mixtures of Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 and its corresponding starting oxide components were obtained by a high-energy ball milling process. The partially reacted powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The sintering behavior of the milled mixtures has demonstrated a distinct volumetric expansion before the densification of the samples, which clearly shows the occurrence of a reactive sintering process of the partially reacted powders. Such process requires a lower densification temperature as compared with the PZT powders produced by the conventional solid-state reaction process. PZT ceramics were found to form directly from the partially reacted powders sintered at 900–1200 °C. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the PZT ceramics as a function of sintering temperature and milling time were also studied and discussed.

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