High-Energy Ball Milling and Hot Pressing of the Ni-48Ti-2Sn and Ni-45Ti-5Sn Powder Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Leandro Koji Kayano ◽  
Daniel Murusawa ◽  
Gilda Maria Cortez Pereira ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Steel Balls

This work presents the results on the high-energy ball milling and hot pressing of Ni-48Ti-2Sn and Ni-45Ti-5Sn (at-%) powder mixtures. The milling process was performed in a planetary ball mill using stainless steel vial (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter), rotary speed of 300 rpm, and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Samples were collected into the vial after different milling times: 60, 180 and 300 min. In the sequence, wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) was adopted up to 720 min in order to increase the powder yield into the vials. The as-milled and hot-pressed samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Results indicated that the ductile particles were promptly cold-welded during the initial milling times. XRD patterns of the Ni-48Ti-2Sn powder mixture indicated that the peaks of Ni, Ti and Sn disappeared after milling for 3h. Following, peaks of NiTi and Ni4Ti3were preferentially formed during milling of Ni-Ti-Sn powders. A large amount of fine powders was yielded into the vial after wet milling for 720 min only. No significant carbon or oxygen contamination was detected by EDS analysis. Hot pressing produced homogeneous and dense samples which presented microstructures containing a large amount of the NiTi compound.

Preparation of Ni-Ti-Mo and Ni-Ti-Mo-Zr Alloys by High-Energy Ball Milling and Subsequent Hot Pressing

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Gilda Maria Cortez Pereira ◽  
Marisa Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Tomaz Manabu Hashimoto ◽  
Vinicius André Rodrigues Henriques ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

This work discusses on the preparation of Ni-45Ti-5Mo, Ni-40Ti-10Mo and Ni-46Ti-2Mo-2Zr (at-%) alloys by high-energy ball milling and hot pressing, which are potentially attractive for dental and medical applications. The milling process was performed in stainless steel balls (19mm diameter) and vials (225 mL) using a rotary speed of 300rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Hot pressing under vacuum was performed in a BN-coated graphite crucible at 900°C for 1 h using a load of 20 MPa. The milled and hot-pressed materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron scanning microscopy, and electron dispersive spectrometry. Peaks of B2-NiTi and Ni4Ti3were identified in XRD patterns of Ni-45Ti-5Mo, Ni-40Ti-10Mo and Ni-46Ti-2Mo-2Zr powders milled for 1h. The NiTi compound dissolved small Mo amounts lower than 4 at%, which were measured by EDS analysis. Moreover, it was identified the existence of an unknown Mo-rich phase in microstructures of the hot-pressed Ni-Ti-Mo alloys.

High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering of Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B Powders Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Moreira Ferreira ◽  
Luciano Braga Alkmin ◽  
Érika C.T. Ramos ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

The milling process of elemental Ti-2Ta-22Si-11B and Ti-6Ta-22Si-11B (at-%) powder mixtures were performed in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill using stainless steel vials (225 mL) and hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter). Ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1 and a rotary speed of 300 rpm were adopted, varying the milling time. Wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was used to increase the yield powder in to the vial. Following the Ti-Ta-Si-B powders milled for 600 min were heat-treated at 1100°C for 1 h in order to obtain the equilibrium structures. The milled powders and heat-treated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Supersaturated Ti solid solutions were formed during ball milling of Ti-Ta-Si-B powders while that the Ti5Si3 phase was formed after milling for 620 min of the Ta-richer powder mixture only. The particles sizes were initially increased during the initial milling times, and the wet milling provided the yield powder into the vials. A large amount of pores was found in both the sintered samples which presented the formation of the TiSS,(ss-solid solution) Ti6Si2B and TiB.

Structural Evaluation of Ti-Cr-Si-B Powders Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Luiz Otávio Vicentin Maruya ◽  
Paulo Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Rotary Speed ◽  
Steel Balls

Multicomponent Ti6Si2B-based alloys are potentially attractive for structural applications due to the low Ti6Si2B crystallographic anisotropy, and their oxidation resistance are higher than the Ti5Si3-based alloys. There is a limited amount of information on effect of alloying on stability of Ti6Si2B. The present work reports on the structural evaluation during ball milling and subsequent sintering of Ti-2Cr-22Si-11B and Ti-7Cr-22Si-11B (at-%) powders. The milling process was carried out in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill under Ar atmosphere using hardened steel balls (19 mm diameter), stainless steel vials (225 mL), rotary speed of 300 rpm, and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Samples were collected after different milling times: 20, 60, 180, 300, 420 and 600 min. Addicional wet milling (isopropyl alcohol) for 20 more minutes was adopted to increase the yield powder into the vials. Following, the powders milled for 620 min were uniaxially compacted (20 MPa) in order to obtain cilinder green bodies with 10 mm diameter and subsequently sintered under vacuum at 1100°C for 240 min. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The chromium addition have contributed to form a large amount of Ti6Si2B in the mechanically alloyed and sintered Ti-2Cr-22Si-11B and Ti-7Cr-22Si-11B alloys.

scholarly journals Effect of Ball Size on the Microstructure and Morphology of Mg Powders Processed by High-Energy Ball Milling

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Jesus Rios ◽  
Alex Restrepo ◽  
Alejandro Zuleta ◽  
Francisco Bolívar ◽  
Juan Castaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Energy Ball

Commercial powders of pure magnesium were processed by high-energy ball milling. The microstructural and morphological evolution of the powders was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). From the results obtained, it was determined that the ball size is the most influential milling parameter. This was because balls of 1 mm diameter were used after a previous stage of milling with larger balls (i.e., 10 and 3 mm). The powder particles presented an unusual morphology with respect to those observed in the Mg-milling literature and recrystallization phenomena. Moreover, the result strongly varied depending on the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR) used during the milling process.

Structural Evolution of Ti-Fe-Si-B Alloys Produced by High-Energy Ball Milling and Sintering

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Wladimir Leite Pereira ◽  
Isadora Rossi Bertoli ◽  
Juliana de Aquino Franzé ◽  
Alfeu Saraiva Ramos ◽  
Neide Aparecida Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Sintered Alloys

This proposal aims at structural characterization of Ti-Fe-Si-B alloys produced by high-energy ball milling and subsequent sintering. In this study, quaternary alloys were prepared from raw materials of high purity: Ti (99.9 wt-%), Fe (99.8 wt-%), Si (99.999 wt-%) and B (99.5 wt-%). The milling process of the Ti-2Fe-22Si-11B and Ti-7Fe-22Si-11B (at-%) powders was carried out in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill. Subsequently, the Ti-Fe-Si-B powders milled for 600 min were sintered (1100 ° C for 240 min) under vacuum to obtain equilibrium structures. The characterization of as-milled powders and sintered alloys was performed by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersive spectrometry. Extended solid solutions were formed during the initial milling times while that the brittle Ti5Si3 phase was formed for longer milling times in both the quaternary powder mixtures. This fact contributed for reducing the particle sizes. Homogeneous samples containing a small amount of pore were obtained after sintering at 1100°C for 4h. Results have indicated that the iron addition favored the formation of different binary phases of the Ti-Si system, and the formation of the Ti6Si2B compound was inhibited from the Ti-Fe-Si-B powder mixtures.

Formation of Ni3Ta, Ni2Ta and NiTa by High-Energy Ball Milling and Subsequent Heat Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Hanna Stefanni Nunes Benites ◽  
Bruna Pereira da Silva ◽  
Antonio Augusto Araújo Pinto da Silva ◽  
Belmira Benedita de Lima ◽  
Gilberto Carvalho Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Subsequent Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Steel Balls

The present work reports on the formation of Ni3Ta, Ni2Ta and NiTa by high-energy ball milling and subsequent heat treatment. The elemental Ni-25Ta, Ni-33Ta and Ni-50Ta (at.-%) powder mixtures were ball milled under Ar atmosphere using stainless steel balls and vials as well as 300 rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Following, the as-milled samples were uniaxially compacted and heat-treated under Ar atmosphere at 1100°C for 4h. The characterization of as-milled and heat-treated samples was conducted by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry techniques. Supersaturated solid solutions were formed during ball milling of the Ni-25Ta, Ni-33Ta and Ni-50Ta powders. A large amount of Ni3Ta, Ni2Ta and NiTa was formed in the mechanically alloyed heat-treated Ni-25Ta, Ni-33Ta and Ni-50Ta alloys, respectively.

High Energy Ball Milling and Liquid Crystal Template Method: A Successful Combination for the Preparation of Magnetic Nano-Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2930-2934
Author(s):  
Alessandra Scano ◽  
Edmond Magner ◽  
Martina Pilloni ◽  
Davide Peddis ◽  
Franca Sini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Textural Characterization ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Steel Balls

In this study, we present the preparation of superparamagnetic ordered mesoporous silica (SOMS) for biomedical applications by the combination of high energy ball milling (HEBM) and the liquid crystal template method (LCT) to produce a material comprised of room temperature superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a MCM-41 like mesostructured silica. In a typical synthesis, a mixture of Fe2O3 and silica was sealed in a stainless-steel vial with steel balls. Ball milling experiments were performed in a vibratory mill apparatus. The milling process produced nanocomposites with an average size ranging from ∼100–200 nm, where the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (4.8 nm size) are homogeneously dispersed into the amorphous SiO2 matrix. The obtained nanocomposite has been used for the preparation of the SOMS through the LCT method. Structural, morphological and textural characterization were performed using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption analysis. Field dependence of magnetization was investigated and showed superparamagnetic behaviour at 300 K with a value of saturation magnetization (Ms) that is of interest for biomedical applications.

Recycling Chips of Stainless Steel by High Energy Ball Milling

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Claudiney de Sales Pereira Mendonça ◽  
Vander Alkmin dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Mateus Morais Junqueira ◽  
Daniela Sachs ◽  
Leonardo Albergaria Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Vanadium Carbides

Stainless steel components produced by powder metallurgy constitute an important and growing segment of the industry. The high energy ball milling process can be an alternative for the recycling of the stainless steel chips. A major advantage of stainless steel is its ability to be recyclable. The reuse of recyclable materials has as main objectives to minimize the environmental impacts and to rationalize the use of the energy chains. This work aims at the production of stainless steel, starting from machining chips pure, and with the addition of vanadium carbides by high energy planetary milling with ball to powder weight ratio 20:1, and mill speed of 350 rpm milled in argon atmosphere for 50h. The compaction of stainless steel samples with vanadium carbide was made in a cylindrical matrix at a pressure of 700 Mpa. The sintering process was performed in a vacuum atmosphere furnace at a temperature of 1200 ° C for 1h. Through the milling process with the addition of carbide it was possible to produce stainless steel powder with a mean particle size of 49 μm. By X-ray diffraction was observed the appearance of the ferritic, austenitic phase and the martensitic phase induced by deformation phase that remained even after the sintering. The density of the sintered material is around 77% of the melt, and the obtained porosity was low.

An Investigation on the Mechanical Alloying of TiFe Compound by High-Energy Ball Milling

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Railson Bolsoni Falcão ◽  
Edgar Djalma Campos Carneiro Dammann ◽  
Cláudio José da Rocha ◽  
Ricardo Mendes Leal Neto
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Partial Formation ◽  
Energy Ball

This work reports the efforts to obtain TiFe intermetallic compound by high-energy ball milling of Ti and Fe powder mixtures. This process route has been used to provide a better hydrogen intake in this compound. Milling was carried out in a SPEX mill at different times. Strong adherence of material at the vial walls was seen to be the main problem at milling times higher than 1 hour. Attempts to solve this problem were accomplished by adding different process control agents, like ethanol, stearic acid, low density polyethylene, benzene and cyclohexane at variable quantities and keeping constant other milling parameters like ball to powder ration and balls size. Better results were attained with benzene and cyclohexane, but with partial formation of TiFe compound even after a heat treatment (annealing) of the milled samples.

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