Review: Possibilities of Steel Scrap Decopperization

2019 ◽  
Vol 959 ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
E. Frank Sandig ◽  
Dmitry Chebykin ◽  
Valentyna V. Prutchykova ◽  
Olga Fabrychnaya ◽  
Olena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Technology ◽  
Slag Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Copper is one of the most common tramp elements in steel scrap. It originates from recycling of copper-alloyed steels, such as weather-resistant construction steel (up to 0.3 mass% Cu) or austenitic stainless steels (up to 3 mass% Cu). In both cases, corrosion resistance is increased. Certainsteels, on the other hand, be alloyed with Cu to influence the Ms point, ductility and/or antiseptic properties. However, copper increases the risk of hot shortness and cold work hardening in low-alloyed steels, which is even more pronounced if Sn is also present in the alloy. Furthermore, Cu is frequentlyintroduced into the scrap melt unintentionally, when steel scrap contains undiscovered parts or components of Cu or its alloys. Because the oxygen affinity of copper is lower than that of iron, selective oxidization of Cu from steel melts is not possible. Therefore, various alternative decopperization methods have been proposed by researchers, starting from the mid-1950s, up to the present. Among those are, apart from scrap pre-treatment, sortation and physical separation, melt dilution, treatment with chemical elements, carrier-metal equilibration, distillation/volatilization, slag treatment, melt filtration and oxide powder blowing. In this paper, various methods for decopperization of steel scrap melts, as reported in available literature, are being reviewed. This is complemented by pretest results from the Institute of Iron and Steel Technology at TU Bergakademie Freiberg (IIST).

Effect of recrystallization on degree of sensitization in nickel free austenitic stainless steel

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourabh Shukla ◽  
Awanikumar P. Patil ◽  
Ashlesha Kawale ◽  
Anand Babu Kotta ◽  
Inayat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Degree Of Sensitization ◽  
Cold Worked

Purpose Effect of grain size on degree of sensitization (DOS) was been evaluated in Nickel free steel. Manganese and nitrogen contained alloy is a Ni-free austenitic stainless steels (ASS) having type 202 grade. The main purpose of this investigation is to find the effect of recrystallization on the DOS of stainless steel after the thermo-mechanical processing (cold work and thermal aging). Design/methodology/approach In the present investigation, the deformation of 202 grade analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructural testing. Optical microstructure of Ni-free ASS has been done for cold worked samples with thermally aged at 900°C_6 h. Double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test used for findings of degree of sensitization. Findings Ni-free ASS appears to be deformed more rapidly due to its higher stacking fault energy which gave results in rapid transformation from strain induced martensite to austenite in form of recrystallized grains, i.e. it concluded that as cold work percentage increases more rapidly recrystallization occurs. XRD results also indicate that more fraction of martensite formed as percentage of CW increases but as thermal aging reverted those all martensite to austenite. So investigation gives the conclusion which suggests that with high deformation at higher temperature and duration gives very less DOS. Originality/value Various literatures available for 300 series steel related to the effect of cold work on mechanical properties and sensitization mechanism. However, no one has investigated the effect of recrystallization through thermomechanical processing on the sensitization of nickel-free steel.

Conversaziones and Receptions, 1964

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Keyword(s):  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
Steel Research ◽  
Metallurgy Department ◽  
Dislocation Movement ◽  
The Subject

THE conversazione held on 9 July to mark the quater-centenary of the birth of Galileo is described on page 119. The usual conversaziones were held on 7 May and 22 October at which the following exhibits were shown. The strength and fracture of metals was the subject of three exhibits. It is known that the strength of metals is far below its theoretical limit due to the presence of dislocations in the crystal structure. All strengthening processes introduce barriers to dislocation movement but many of these reduce ductility and make metals brittle. The British Iron and Steel Research Association demonstrated how modern physical metallurgical research is indicating new ways in which steel can be strengthened without impairment of ductility or toughness. Miss J. M. Silcock of the Central Electricity Research Laboratories and Mr W. J. Tunstall of the Cavendish Laboratory arranged an exhibit showing stacking fault precipitation in austenitic stainless steels. Electron microscopy has shown that stacking faults appear and grow during the precipitation of carbides in certain austenitic steels. Systematic observations coupled with new calculations have established the nature of the associated partial dislocations and have led to the conclusion that the faults are extrinsic. The Chemistry, Physics and Metallurgy Department of the Royal Aircraft Establishment arranged an exhibit on the fracture of metals. Various forms of fracture were exhibited and research observations and tentative conclusions of the causes of fracture were made known.

Utilization of oxidized cast-iron and steel scrap in small-diameter shaft furnaces

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-462
Author(s):  
A. V. Feoktistov ◽  
I. F. Selyanin ◽  
S. A. Bedarev ◽  
A. V. Prokhorenko ◽  
V. A. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Shaft Furnaces

Study of Cyclic Oxidation for Copper Removal from Solid Ferrous Scrap in End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV)

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 869-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Myung Shin ◽  
Dong Won Lee ◽  
Sang An Ha ◽  
Jei Pil Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Cyclic Oxidation ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
Foundry Industry ◽  
Made In

Iron and steel scrap have been reused to produce new steel and cast iron in the steelmaking and foundry industry for more than 150 years, but the accumulation of tramp elements contained in steel scrap such as copper, tin, antimony, and arsenic is a major concern. This is primarily because these tramp elements are difficult to remove in conventional steelmaking processes. In particular, the presence of copper during the recycling of steel scrap can cause severe surface cracking during hot rolling (hot shortness), inhibit recrystallization during hot forming, and reduce ductility in deep drawing. For these reasons, considerable efforts have been made in recent decades to develop a technology that can remove copper from ferrous scraps[1-3].

scholarly journals Effect of Mechanical Pre-Treatment on Gas Nitriding Behavior in Austenitic Stainless Steels

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Hamaishi ◽  
Hidekazu Sueyoshi ◽  
Jun-ichi Kiyofuji ◽  
Yuzo Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
Pre Treatment
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