Analysis of Zone Fire Models and their Application in Structural Fire Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Nicole Svobodová ◽  
Martin Benýšek ◽  
Radek Štefan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Structural Fire ◽  
Fire Models ◽  
Fire Modelling ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Fire Design

This paper is focused on a comparison of zone fire modelling software tools and their application in structural fire design. The analysis of the zone models is performed for five selected computer programs, namely Argos, Branzfire, B-RISK, CFAST, and OZone. The limits and input parameters ofthe zone fire modelling software tools are described. In each software, two variants of the analysed compartment are created for simulating two types of fire scenario, including the fuel-controlled fire and the ventilation-controlled fire. The burning regimes are defined based on two heat release rate(HRR) curves, determined according to EN 1991-1-2. The HRR curves parameters are used as the main input data into the fire modelling software. The fire simulation method in each fire modelling software is selected based on the software capabilities. Although each program requires a different amount of input parameters, the aim was to create the same model in all programs and to compare the results. The fire modelling software outputs are exported into a spreadsheet. Subsequently, a comparison of the resulting graphs is performed, particularly the heat release rate graphs and the upper layertemperature evolution graphs. The fire resistance assessment of a simply-supported concrete slab panel is performed for all zone fire models and then the results are compared. The fire modelling software tools are finally quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated and compared to assess their differences.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Penyebaran Api Ketika Terjadi Kebakaran Berbasis Metode FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) pada Parkiran Sepeda Motor Kampus A Universitas Negeri Jakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Pratomo Setyadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Modelling

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena melihat kondisi bangunan parkiran depan Kampus A Universitas NegeriJakarta yang pembangunan tersendat tetapi sudah dipergunakan untuk khayalayak di khawatirkan dapat membahayakanpenghuni, dan karyawan yang bekerja di gedung parkiran tersebut apabila terjadi kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan kriteria bahaya kebakaran pada parkiran sepeda motor kampus A UNJ. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan SoftwareFire Dynamics Simulator Version 5.0 untuk membuat suatu pemodelan kebakaran berdasarkan titik awal nyala api dan arahangin.Pada penelitian ini akan membahas tentang perkembangan api dimana perkembangan api tersebut akandirepresentasikan oleh HRR (Heat Release Rate), burning rate, dan visualisasi dari masing-masing simulasi. Langkah inisangat menguntungkan karena dapat mengetahui bagaimana penyebaran api saat terjadi kebakaran dan seberapa bahayakebakaran yang disimulasikan. Dengan adanya fire modelling ini dapat menjadi pendekatan engineering praktis untukmemberikan peninjauan tambahan terhadap aspek keselamatan kebakaran pada gedung parkiran kampus A UniveristasNegeri Jakarta. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa cepatnya penyebaran api dipengaruhi titik awalnya api,kecepatan dan arah angin. Dimana semakin besar nilai HRR maka semakin besar pula nilai burning rate yang didapatkandan semakin besar pula tingkat kebakaran yang terjadi.

scholarly journals Fire Size of Gasoline Pool Fires

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Iveta Marková ◽  
Jozef Lauko ◽  
Linda Makovická Osvaldová ◽  
Vladimír Mózer ◽  
Jozef Svetlík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Pool Fires ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Model Liquid ◽  
Fire Models ◽  
Fire Area

This article presents an experimental investigation of the flame characteristics of the gasoline pool fire. A series of experiments with different pool sizes and mixture contents were conducted to study the combustion behavior of pool fires in atmospheric conditions. The initial pool area of 0.25 m2, 0.66 m2, and 2.8 m2, the initial volume of fuel and time of burning process, and the initial gasoline thickness of 20 mm were determined in each experiment. The fire models are defined by the European standard EN 3 and were used to model fire of the class MB (model liquid fire for the fire area 0.25 m2), of the class 21B (model liquid fire for the fire area 0.66 m2), and 89B (model liquid fire for the fire area 2.8 m2). The fire models were used to class 21B and 89B for fuel by Standard EN 3. The flame geometrical characteristics were recorded by a CCD (charge-coupled device) digital camera. The results show turbulent flame with constant loss burning rate per area, different flame height, and different heat release rate. Regression rate increases linearly with increasing pans diameter. The results show a linear dependence of the HRR (heat release rate) depending on the fire area (average 2.6 times).

scholarly journals Karakteristik Penyebaran Api Ketika Terjadi Kebakaran Berbasis Metode FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) pada Parkiran Sepeda Motor Kampus A Universitas Negeri Jakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Pratomo Setyadi ◽  
Yola Furqaan Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Modelling

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena melihat kondisi bangunan parkiran depan Kampus A Universitas NegeriJakarta yang pembangunan tersendat tetapi sudah dipergunakan untuk khayalayak di khawatirkan dapat membahayakanpenghuni, dan karyawan yang bekerja di gedung parkiran tersebut apabila terjadi kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenentukan kriteria bahaya kebakaran pada parkiran sepeda motor kampus A UNJ. Dalam penelitian ini digunakanSoftware Fire Dynamics Simulator Version 5.0 untuk membuat suatu pemodelan kebakaran berdasarkan titik awal nyala apidan arah angin.Pada penelitian ini akan membahas tentang perkembangan api dimana perkembangan api tersebut akandirepresentasikan oleh HRR (Heat Release Rate), burning rate, dan visualisasi dari masing-masing simulasi. Langkah inisangat menguntungkan karena dapat mengetahui bagaimana penyebaran api saat terjadi kebakaran dan seberapa bahayakebakaran yang disimulasikan. Dengan adanya fire modelling ini dapat menjadi pendekatan engineering praktis untukmemberikan peninjauan tambahan terhadap aspek keselamatan kebakaran pada gedung parkiran kampus A UniveristasNegeri Jakarta. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa cepatnya penyebaran api dipengaruhi titik awalnya api,kecepatan dan arah angin. Dimana semakin besar nilai HRR maka semakin besar pula nilai burning rate yang didapatkandan semakin besar pula tingkat kebakaran yang terjadi.

scholarly journals Effects of User Dependence on the Prediction Results of Visibility in Fire Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Ho-Sik Han ◽  
Sun-Yeo Mun ◽  
Cheol-Hong Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Fire Simulation ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
In Fire

To improve the reliability of safety assessments in domestic performance-based designs (PBDs), the problem of the input parameters being dependent on fire-simulation users was quantitatively analyzed. Thus, the results of statistical analyses of domestic PBD reports evaluated over the last 5 years were examined. It was determined that the uncertainties of the input parameters might have a relatively larger influence on the statistical deviations than the measurement uncertainties. Accordingly, a sensitivity analysis was performed by considering the statistical deviations of the input parameters that could greatly influence the prediction results of visibility, which are important for the available safe egress time. The main results were as follows: a large change in visibility was observed owing to deviations of the heat release rate and soot yield. Based on this study, it is expected that more accurate results can be obtained if the objectivity of input parameters determined by user dependence can be secured in domestic PBDs.

Scale Modeling on the Effect of Air Velocity on Heat Release Rate in Tunnel Fire

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chen ◽  
L. Qu ◽  
Y. X. Yang ◽  
G. Q. Kang ◽  
W. K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Scale Modeling

scholarly journals Effects of Discharge Area and Atomizing Gas Type in Full Cone Twin-Fluid Atomizer on Extinguishing Performance of Heptane Pool Fire under Two Heat Release Rate Conditions in an Enclosed Chamber

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Dong Hwan Kim ◽  
Chi Young Lee ◽  
Chang Bo Oh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Sauter Mean Diameter ◽  
Discharge Area ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Enclosed Chamber

In this study, the effects of discharge area and atomizing gas type in a twin-fluid atomizer on heptane pool fire-extinguishing performance were investigated under the heat release rate conditions of 1.17 and 5.23 kW in an enclosed chamber. Large and small full cone twin-fluid atomizers were prepared. Nitrogen and air were used as atomizing gases. With respect to the droplet size of water mist, as the water and air flow rates decreased and increased, respectively, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the water mist decreased. The SMD of large and small atomizers were in the range of approximately 12–60 and 12–49 μm, respectively. With respect to the discharge area effect, the small atomizer exhibited a shorter extinguishing time, lower peak surface temperature, and higher minimum oxygen concentration than the large atomizer. Furthermore, it was observed that the effect of the discharge area on fire-extinguishing performance is dominant under certain flow rate conditions. With respect to the atomizing gas type effect, nitrogen and air appeared to exhibit nearly similar extinguishing times, peak surface temperatures, and minimum oxygen concentrations under most flow rate conditions. Based on the present and previous studies, it was revealed that the effect of atomizing gas type on fire-extinguishing performance is dependent on the relative positions of the discharged flow and fire source.

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