THE LIFE HISTORY OF IPS CALLIGRAPHUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) WITH NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY IN CALIFORNIA

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Wood ◽  
R. W. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Sierra Nevada Mountains ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
Gallery System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ips Calligraphus

AbstractIps calligraphus (Germar) is distributed continentally throughout North America, including Guatemala and British Honduras. It has been collected on only rare occasions in California, primarily in the central Sierra Nevada Mountains. Four generations were observed during 1961 and 1962, and average summer development required about 40 days. All stages except the egg were observed in the winter. The unique gallery system exhibits four to six egg galleries, which range in length from 25.4 to 38.1 cm, and radiate characteristically from a large, irregular, nuptial chamber excavated by the male. At Grass Valley, Cal., this bark beetle was observed breeding predominantly in the thick-barked portions of the lower bole. Its galleries are often intermixed with those of Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, I. confusus LeConte, I. latidens LeConte, and Melanophila californica Van Dyke in ponderosa pine. I. confusus was the most abundant species of Ips in all localities where I. calligraphus was found.

THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ARRIVAL PATTERN OF DENDROCTONUS BREVICOMIS IN PONDEROSA PINE

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Donald L. Dahlsten
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Sierra Nevada Mountains ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The University ◽  
Arrival Pattern

AbstractContinuous trapping on the bark surface of trees infested with Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte was carried out during six beetle generations from June 1969 to November 1971, at the University of California’s Blodgett Forest Research Station in the central Sierra Nevada mountains. Significant linear correlation was found between the density of D. brevicomis trapped on the surface of infested trees and the initial within-tree beetle densities. In the first beetle generation, mass arrival was rapid and intense (averaging 1167 beetles per 2.7 sq. dm of trapping surface on each tree, during a mean of 8.8 days). The arrival patterns during this generation were quite consistent between trees. During the second generation, mass arrival was prolonged over a mean of 19.4 days and fewer beetles were trapped ( per 2.7 dm2 of trapping area per tree). The patterns of arrival were more variable during this second generation. In generation 1, with the exception of one tree, the beetles were distributed equally at the three trapping heights (4.5, 7.5, and 10.5 m). In generation 2 they were more abundant on the traps at the lower portions of the tree.

THE ARRIVAL SEQUENCE OF THE ARTHROPOD COMPLEX FOLLOWING ATTACK BY DENDROCTONUS BREVICOMIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN PONDEROSA PINE

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Donald L. Dahlsten
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Roptrocerus Xylophagorum ◽  
Sierra Nevada Mountains ◽  
Enoclerus Lecontei

AbstractContinuous trapping on the bark surface of Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte infested trees in the central Sierra Nevada mountains was undertaken with the objective of determining the spatial and temporal arrival patterns of the natural enemies and other insect associates of the western pine beetle. Over 100 species of D. brevicomis associates were collected and patterns of arrival were described for many of these. The main bark beetle predators were trapped during D. brevicomis mass arrival and shortly thereafter. Enoclerus lecontei, Temnochila chlorodia, and Aulonium longum, all predaceous beetles on D. brevicomis adults and larvae, were among the first species to arrive, as was Medetera aldrichii (Diptera), a larval predator. The bark beetle parasites Roptrocerus xylophagorum and Dinotiscus (=Cecidostiba) burkei (Hymenoptera) were well synchronized with the beetles’ life cycle as they arrived late in the beetles’ larval stages when suitable hosts were available.Approximately twice as many associates were trapped in the first (spring) beetle generation as in the second (fall). Differences between species with regard to height distribution were common, and these often varied with seasonal beetle generation.Calculations of changes in species diversity through time, of the associate complex trapped at the bark surface, were made for both the first and second beetle generation. Linear correlation analysis indicated a highly significant increase in species diversity occurred from the time of the beetles’ mass arrival until brood emergence. This increase may correspond to an increase in diversity of the structure of the subcortical community, as more insect species arrived and progressively modified the habitat of the newly killed tree.

scholarly journals Cross-scale interaction of host tree size and climatic water deficit governs bark beetle-induced tree mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Koontz ◽  
Andrew M. Latimer ◽  
Leif A. Mortenson ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Malcolm P. North
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Scale Interactions ◽  
Climatic Water Deficit ◽  
Host Mortality

AbstractThe recent Californian hot drought (2012–2016) precipitated unprecedented ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) mortality, largely attributable to the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis; WPB). Broad-scale climate conditions can directly shape tree mortality patterns, but mortality rates respond non-linearly to climate when local-scale forest characteristics influence the behavior of tree-killing bark beetles (e.g., WPB). To test for these cross-scale interactions, we conduct aerial drone surveys at 32 sites along a gradient of climatic water deficit (CWD) spanning 350 km of latitude and 1000 m of elevation in WPB-impacted Sierra Nevada forests. We map, measure, and classify over 450,000 trees within 9 km2, validating measurements with coincident field plots. We find greater size, proportion, and density of ponderosa pine (the WPB host) increase host mortality rates, as does greater CWD. Critically, we find a CWD/host size interaction such that larger trees amplify host mortality rates in hot/dry sites. Management strategies for climate change adaptation should consider how bark beetle disturbances can depend on cross-scale interactions, which challenge our ability to predict and understand patterns of tree mortality.

INFESTATION OF CERATOCYSTIS WAGENERI-INFECTED PONDEROSA PINES BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN THE CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Goheen ◽  
F. W. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Periodic Examination ◽  
Apparently Healthy

AbstractThe relationship between bark beetle infestation of ponderosa pine and severity of infection by Ceratocystis wageneri was investigated by closely monitoring 256 trees (136 apparently healthy, 60 moderately diseased, and 60 severely diseased at initiation of study) for beetle infestation from summer 1972 to fall 1975. Disease ratings were updated by periodic examination, and some trees changed disease category during the study. Ninety trees were infested by Dendroctonus brevicomis, D. ponderosae, or both, five by buprestids alone, and one tree died from effects of the pathogen alone. Sixty-two of the beetle-infested trees were severely diseased at time of infestation, 25 were moderately diseased, and only three were apparently healthy. Thus, the results showed that bark beetles were much more likely to infest infected than healthy trees. Among diseased trees, those with advanced infections were most likely to be infested. There was evidence that buprestids (especially Melanophila spp.) and possibly Ips spp. attacked diseased trees prior to Dendroctonus spp. infestation.

Continuous measurements of soil respiration with and without roots in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwu Tang ◽  
Laurent Misson ◽  
Alexander Gershenson ◽  
Weixin Cheng ◽  
Allen H. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Sierra Nevada Mountains

scholarly journals Methyl chavicol: characterization of its biogenic emission rate, abundance, and oxidation products in the atmosphere

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 19707-19741 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Bouvier-Brown ◽  
A. H. Goldstein ◽  
D. R. Worton ◽  
D. M. Matross ◽  
J. B. Gilman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Biogenic Emission ◽  
Methyl Chavicol ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Sierra Nevada Mountains ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forest

Abstract. We report measurements of ambient atmospheric mixing ratios for methyl chavicol and determine its biogenic emission rate. Methyl chavicol, a biogenic oxygenated aromatic compound, is abundant within and above Blodgett Forest, a ponderosa pine forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Methyl chavicol was detected simultaneously by three in-situ instruments – a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS), a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), and a thermal desorption aerosol GC-MS (TAG) – and found to be abundant within and above Blodgett Forest, a ponderosa pine forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Methyl chavicol atmospheric mixing ratios are strongly correlated with 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO), a light- and temperature-dependent biogenic emission from the ponderosa pine trees at Blodgett Forest. Scaling from this correlation, methyl chavicol emissions account for 4–68% of the carbon mass emitted as MBO in the daytime, depending on the season. From this relationship, we estimate a daytime basal emission rate of 0.72–10.2 μgCg−1h−1, depending on needle age and seasonality. We also present the first observations of its oxidation products (4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-methyoxy benzene acetaldehyde) in the ambient atmosphere. Methyl chavicol is a major essential oil component of many plant species. This work suggests that methyl chavicol plays a significant role in the atmospheric chemistry of Blodgett Forest, and potentially other sites, and should be included explicitly in both biogenic volatile organic carbon emission and atmospheric chemistry models.

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