A review on breast cancer in Iraq and future therapies insights

Cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type among Iraqi women, as it represents the highest percentage of malignant tumors in women until 2018. Therefore, women should be aware of the aggravation of this disease, the importance of the periodic examination for early detection for breast cancer, and following the most appropriate means for the treatment to get recovered and, thus, to reduce mortality. To fight cancer, there is an urgent need to search for new effective anticancer therapies that alter the molecular biology of tumor cells, stimulate the immune system, or specifically deliver chemotherapy factors directly to cancer cells without affecting normal cells and reducing the side effects of treatments. In this context, this paper aimed to highlight the therapeutic approaches used in the current researches of breast cancer treatment. Accumulated evidence showed that medicinal plant extracts, and can serve as anticancer agents. The proposed mechanisms were discussed and presented in this review.

Jugular Vein Aneurysm, When We Have to Do Surgery?

Introduction: The most common lesions of jugular vein dilatation are aneurysms and ectasia. A jugular vein aneurysm is less common compare to an arterial aneurysm in adults. Because of the rare incidence, treatment guidelines primarily associated with the timing of surgery are not clearly established. Proper treatment can reduce patient complaints without excessive intervention. Case report: A 54 years old woman complained of swelling in the right neck that started three years ago and cephalgia for two years. From CT angiography, we obtained a jugular vein dilatation of 2.3 cm. During periodic evaluation from ultrasonography doppler, there is no increase in the size of the jugular vein. Conclusion: Jugular vein aneurysm presenting in adults is an infrequent phenomenon. It is a benign condition, and conservative observation is advised. It should be operated only if symptomatic or progressive enlarging. A periodic examination must be done to evaluate the size of the jugular vein before a surgical decision

Jugular Vein Aneurysm, When We Have to Do Surgery?

Introduction: The most common lesions of jugular vein dilatation are aneurysms and ectasia. A jugular vein aneurysm is less common compare to an arterial aneurysm in adults. Because of the rare incidence, treatment guidelines primarily associated with the timing of surgery are not clearly established. Proper treatment can reduce patient complaints without excessive intervention. Case report: A 54 years old woman complained of swelling in the right neck that started three years ago and cephalgia for two years. From CT angiography, we obtained a jugular vein dilatation of 2.3 cm. During periodic evaluation from ultrasonography doppler, there is no increase in the size of the jugular vein. Conclusion: Jugular vein aneurysm presenting in adults is an infrequent phenomenon. It is a benign condition, and conservative observation is advised. It should be operated only if symptomatic or progressive enlarging. A periodic examination must be done to evaluate the size of the jugular vein before a surgical decision

Perineal hernia repair using polypropylene mesh in three female Jaffarabadi buffaloes - a short communication

This study reports a rare unilateral perineal hernia in three mature female Jaffarabadi buffaloes. The buffaloes presented with a unilateral swelling lateral to the vulvar lip. Upon palpation, the swelling was painless, soft and reducible. Ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic hernia sac containing the urinary bladder and or motile intestine, with homogenous hypoechoic contents. The perineal hernia was repaired using polypropylene mesh after the repositioning of the retroflexed urinary bladder and/or large intestine. The clinical outcome, including postoperative complications and hernia recurrence, was found via periodic examination and telephone calls. No complications were observed for 6 months of follow-up and all the buffaloes had excellent outcomes.

Hubungan Dukungan Suami pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kunjungan Antenatal Care (ANC) Di BPM Soraya Palembang

The period of pregnancy is the health status of pregnant women which can be determined by examining and pregnancy at the closest health service called Antenatal care (ANC) pre-delivery care or care for pregnant women. ANC is a pregnancy to optimize the mental and physical health of pregnant women. Thus being able to deal with childbirth, during childbirth, breastfeeding, and returning to health naturally. Antenatal care examination is a pregnancy that is performed for periodic examination of the mother and fetus, followed by correction of deviations. The pregnancy period is the health status of pregnant women which can be known by examining their pregnancy checks at the nearest health service called ANC care before delivery or care for pregnant women. Antenatal care (ANC) is a pregnancy to optimize the mental and physical health of pregnant women. An antenatal care examination is a pregnancy performed for periodic examination of the mother and fetus, which is followed by corrective action against the prescribed. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between husband supports in pregnant women on the Antenatal Care (ANC) visit at Private Midwifery Palembang. This study used qualitative descriptive research with a sectional cross-sectional design. The significant result with the Chi-square test was α = 0.05. The sample was 25 pregnant mothers. In this study, the results of mothers who received husband support were 23 respondents (92%), while mothers who did not receive husband support were 2 respondents (8%). Mothers who had good Antenatal Care visits were 23 respondents (92%), while those who were not good at conducting Antenatal Care visits were 2 respondents (8%). Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. The statistical test results obtained ρ value = 0,000. It could be concluded that there was a significant correlation between husband's support for pregnant mothers and ANC visit in 2019 at Private Midwifery Palembang.

Prevalence of undetected refractive errors among school children: a cross sectional study in urban Etawah, India

Background: Refractive error is the most common cause of blindness which can be corrected easily. Uncorrected refractive errors are responsible for about 19.7% of blindness in India. The aim and objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of undetected refractive errors in school children and to find out associated factors related to it.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which school children studying in class 5th to 11th were included. Vision of all the children was checked by using Snellen’s chart. The responses were recorded on a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Data entry was done in MS-EXCEL sheet and analysis was done by using SPSS-23.Results: There are total 350 students out of which 200 (57%) are males and 150 (43%) are females. The undetected refractive error is present in 12% males and 15.3% females. Thus, 47 out of 350 (13.4%) of the children had prevalence of undetected refractive errors.Conclusions: It is recommended that adequate preschool examination of the children be made mandatory as a part of the admission policy of all the schools. In addition, there should be periodic examination of the school children at least on annual basis.

Tree Demography Plots

The pantropical network of large tree demography plots coordinated by the Smithsonian’s Center for Tropical Forest Science has now gone global, as part of the Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories. Some four million tropical trees, representing about 10,000 species, are now tagged, provisionally identified and periodically recensused. Some 3,000 species are captured in the six plots within Malesia. These include species rarely collected and many that are now endangered. Easy location of trees for periodic examination for fertile material and detailed ecological data, together with seasoned in-country research teams, provide unique opportunities for research collaboration.

Morbidity among mine workers: a cross sectional study in Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

Background: Workers represent half the world’s population and are the major contributors to economic and social development. Their health is determined not only by workplace hazards but also by social and individual actors and access to health services. Work-related morbidity and mortality result in suffering and hardship for worker as well as to his or her family. Thus occupational health of working people are crucial prerequisites for overall socioeconomic and sustainable development. The aims and objective were to assess the health status of the people working in mines and study their occupational hazards.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in three actively working mines of Chitradurga city for a period of one year. Complete enumeration method was used to include 493 mine workers. Results: Sesagoa mines were the biggest among the selected mines (69.5% workers). Majority belonged to the age group of 20-30 years with 37.5%, 69% workers were field workers. Around 76.3% workers were working since 1-5 years. 45.20% and 11% workers had undergone pre placement examination and periodic examination respectively. Personal Protective Equipments (P.P.E) were used by 90.50% workers. History of allergy was seen in 21.7% workers, while 11.2% workers reported history of vector borne diseases. Trouble smelling was found in 1.8% workers while 1.6% workers had trouble hearing.Conclusions: Health education on pre placement, periodic examination and use of PPE was found to be less which on itself can be the reason for morbidities among the mine workers hence efforts must be made to improve their knowledge regarding these.