THE INSECT ECOLOGY OF RED PINE PLANTATIONS IN CENTRAL ONTARIO: V. THE COCCINELLIDAE (COLEOPTERA)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Gagné ◽  
J. L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Insect Ecology

AbstractThirteen species of Coccinellidae were found to occur in adjacent red pine plantations of five different ages near Thessalon, Ont. These populations fell into two major ecological groups corresponding to the two plantation age classes. One group (the old-field species) inhabited young plantations up to 16 years old, and the other (the old-stand species) inhabited older stands. Each group was characterized by different dominant species, Coccinella transversoguttata Falder-man and Scymnus lacustris Lec. in the younger stands, and Mulsantina picta (Rand.) and Anatis mali Auct. in the older stands. Species diversity decreased as the stands aged.As the red pines increased in size, they became less favourable for coccinellids in general because prey density decreased. As a consequence, the predator’s search area per unit prey capture increased necessitating an increased searching capacity and mobility. Coccinellid population fluctuations were synchronized with those of the woolly pine needle aphid, Schizolachnus piniradiatae (Davidson), the major food source, due to compensative movements to and from the plantations of the adult coccinellids and the dependence of the larvae on the aphid. Starvation and cannibalism during the larval stages appeared to be the major mortality factors. Inclement weather and predation were of minor direct importance to coccinellid populations and parasitism was rare.All species, with the possible exception of S. lacustris, were univoltine.

The Biology and Ecology of the Red-Pine Needle Midge and Its Role in Fall Browning of Red Pine Foliage

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Kearby ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Abscission Layer ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Stand Conditions ◽  
Needle Blight

AbstractOutbreaks of Thecodiplosis piniresinosae Kearby apparently have occurred in North America since 1932 on Pinus resinosa (Ait.). Serious losses of new needles and some mortality of shoots resulted since 1957 in central Wisconsin. Fall browning caused by the midge is distinguished from needle blight and needle droop.Three larval stages and the pupa are described. Adults emerged in late May and oviposited on elongating shoots. Eggs hatched within a week and larvae mined into the bases of the fascicles, where they fed until early October. In October, mature larvae left the fascicles, dropped to the litter, and entered the soil to overwinter. Pupation and transformation to the adult occurred in the spring.One larva usually was present per fascicle during periods of low populations, but during outbreaks up to 11 larvae infested a single fascicle. A monothalmous or polythalmous gall-like enlargement was noticeable during the outbreak. Infested needles formed an abscission layer prematurely and dropped during the winter, 3 to 5 years before normal abscission. Stand conditions, age and spacing conducive to the buildup of midge outbreaks are discussed.

The Insect Ecology of Red Pine Plantations in Central Ontario.: II. Life History and Control of Curculionidae

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lynton Martin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Insect Ecology ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe life histories and habits of four curculionids, Hylobius congener, Pissodes affinis, P. approximatus, and Magdalis perforatus, are outlined; and their role in relation to red pine plantations and a serious red pine mortality problem in the Algoma district of Ontario is discussed. A key to the adults is provided and control measures are recommended.

Entomophthora canadensis n.sp., a fungus pathogenic on the woolly pine needle aphid, Schizolachnus piniradiatae

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (23) ◽  
pp. 2663-2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. MacLeod ◽  
D. Tyrrell ◽  
R. S. Soper
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Pine Needle

Entomophthora canadensis n. sp. is described and illustrated, and its morphological development traced. The new species differs from all other species of the genus, by its distinctively shaped conidia, long–elliptical to nearly cylindrical, average 25.0 μm × 10.0 μm, and its ornamented azygospores, verruculose to lightly rugulose, average 34.0 μm diameter. It is compared with E. aphidis, within which it has been included, and E. sphaerosperma, the species it most closely resembles.Entomophthora canadensis is currently known only from populations of the aphid Schizolachnus piniradiatae, in red pine plantations in Ontario, Canada.

Estimation de la production de jeunes plantations de pin rouge et de pin gris du sud du Québec

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
St Lawrence River

Multiple regression equations have been developed to predict yield from young red pine and jack pine plantations. Data from 446 sample plots representing young red pine and jack pine stands located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River between Quebec and Montreal were analysed. The red pine plantation yielded more than the jack pine. However, in plantation both species yield more than in natural stands. Taking into account the age and spacing of the sampled plantations, the equation obtained can provide information on yield of red pine and jack pine stands the maximum spacing of which is 3 × 3 m, up to the age of 45 and 35 years respectively. The equations will allow the construction of preliminary yield tables for both species.

An Approach to Assessing Competition in Young Red Pine Plantations

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
James E. Johnson ◽  
Scott G. Lindow ◽  
Robert Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Tree Class ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tree Performance

Abstract Several 5- and 6-yr-old red pine plantations in central Wisconsin were sampled to assess the performance of crop trees and the levels of competing vegetation. A simple tree class system was devised to classify the level of brush competition on a fixed area plot surrounding each sampled crop tree. The tree class was significantly correlated with several measured and derived competition variables, and was also strongly related with three tree performance variables: height, volume, and biomass. Tree Class 1, the lowest competition level, was associated with significantly greater tree heights, volumes, and biomasses for both age groups. Logistic regression equations were developed to derive a quantitative relationship between competition, as measured by tree class, and crop tree performance. Performance was judged to be either adequate or inadequate based on an arbitrary set of standards for both volume and biomass. From the regression equations, probabilities of successful performance were calculated. For volume index and biomass, the Class 1 trees, or the trees with the lowest levels of competition, had success probabilities ranging from 76 to 89%. For the Class 4 trees, or the trees with the highest levels of competition, success probabilities ranged from 3 to 16%. North. J. Appl. For. 12(3):101-108.

Growth Intercept Methods for Predicting Site Index in Red Pine Plantations in the Allegheny Plateau of Ohio

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Brown ◽  
Charles A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Allegheny Plateau ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract Growth intercept (GI) techniques were evaluated for estimating site quality in red pine stands planted on old-field sites in the unglaciated Western and Central Allegheny Plateau regions of Ohio. Correlations between height growth of trees below breast height (BH) and height growth above BH were not statistically significant. Site index estimates were made using age at BH and height from BH to the growing tip. Three-year and 5-year growth beginning three internodes above the BH annual increment and 10-year growth beginning one internode above BH were more significantly correlated with height than were intercepts beginning at BH. In equations developed for predicting site index, 3-, 5-, and 10-year intercepts in combination with age accounted for 64 to 80% of the variation in tree heights. Combining thickness of the A soil horizon with GI and age statistically increased the variation accounted for in the 3- and 5-year GI equations; however, for field use, the improvement in accuracy was not sufficient to justify making the additional soil measurement. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):27-30, March 1990.

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