STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS: VI. EVIDENCE FOR A SEX PHEROMONE IN FEMALE ORGYIA LEUCOSTIGMA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miss J. E. Percy ◽  
Miss E. J. Gardiner ◽  
J. Weatherston
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Orgyia Leucostigma ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Glass Tubes

AbstractThe results of behavioural, chemical, and histological studies are reported showing the presence of a sex attractant in female Orgyia leucostigma J. E. Smith. A method of bioassaying the attractancy of the female moths by the use of 4-ft-long glass tubes is given. Extraction of female abdominal tips with dichloromethane yields material biologically active when tested against male O. leucostigma.The pheromone-producing gland is a dorsally situated, crescent-shaped structure formed by modification of the epidermal cells in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninth abdominal segments. The glandular cells are goblet-shaped and are arranged in an unusual manner.

STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS: I EVIDENCE FOR A SEX PHEROMONE IN FEMALE VITULA EDMANDSAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE)

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weatherston ◽  
J. E. Percy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Ring Shaped Structure

AbstractEvidence is presented for the presence of a sex attractant in female Vitula edmandsae (Packard). The ability of the virgin female to attract the male varies with age, reaching a maximum 2 days after emergence.The pheromone-producing gland is a ring-shaped structure formed by modification of the epidermal cells in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninth abdominal segments.

scholarly journals Courtship behaviour in the genus Nomada – antennal grabbing and possible transfer of male secretions

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schindler ◽  
Michaela M. Hofmann ◽  
Dieter Wittmann ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Cell Aggregations ◽  
Excretory Canals ◽  
Sem Studies

Due to low population densities, copulation in the cuckoo bee genus Nomada has not previously been observed, although a seminal paper by Tengö and Bergström (1977) on the chemomimesis between these parasitic bees and their Andrena or Melitta hosts postulated that secretions from male glands might be sprayed onto females during copulation. Our observations on the initiation and insertion phase of copulation in three species of Nomada now indicate antennal grabbing as a mechanism by which chemicals are transferred between the sexes. Histological studies of the antennae of N.fucata and N.lathburiana reveal antennal modifications associated with cell aggregations that represent glandular cells, and SEM studies revealed numerous excretory canals.

Histological Studies on the Genus Fucus

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
MARGARET E. MCCULLY
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Membrane Interface ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
Intracellular Volume

The fine structure of the epidermal cells of the vegetative Fucus thallus has been examined in material fixed with acrolein. These cells are highly polarized, with basal nuclei and chloroplasts, a hypertrophied perinuclear Golgi system, and a much convoluted wall/plasma membrane interface. Much of the intracellular volume is occupied by single membrane-bounded vesicles containing alginic acid, fucoidin and polyphenols. The chloroplasts were examined by light and electron microscopy and shown to contain structured inclusions not previously described in Fucus plastids. It is suggested on the basis of their morphology that the epidermal cells may be specialized for the absorption of inorganic carbon and sulphate from the outside of the plant and for the secretion of alginic acid, fucoidin and polyphenols. The possible role of these cells in the prevention of desiccation and in osmoregulation is discussed.

The Presence of Disparlure, the Sex Pheromone of the Gypsy Moth, in the Female Nun Moth

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Bierl ◽  
Morton Beroza ◽  
V. E. Adler ◽  
G. Kasang ◽  
D. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Nun Moth ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Disparlure, (cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane) the sex attractant of the gypsy moth, Porthetria (Lymantria) dispar, attracts the male nun moth, Lymantria monacha, in the field and is a highly effective olfactory stimulus in electroantennogram (EAG) and single-cell recordings. We have now analyzed the extract of 2000 abdominal tips of the female nun moth. Physical and chemical tests, which included gas-chromatographic retention times, elution volumes from silica gel and silica gel-silver nitrate columns, mass spectra, epoxide functionality, EAG-activity of chromatographic fractions with gypsy moth antennae, presence of disparlure precursor, all indicated that disparlure is present in the extract of nun moth sex glands. The optical activity of the natural disparlure of the two species has not yet been determined. Several authors have reported 1-0 that disparlure,

Haemocytes associated with basement membrane of sex pheromone gland of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ultrastructural observations

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Percy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Pheromone Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Sex Pheromone Gland ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

In female Trichoplusia ni, granular haemocytes are observed near the basement membrane of developing sex pheromone gland cells while plasmatocytes are observed near the basement membrane of unmodified epidermal cells. The basement membrane underlying gland cells is clearly different from that of other epidermal cells. There is a thin amorphous layer (layer 1) which is also present beneath unmodified cells, and a second layer (layer 2) apposing the haemocytes. Layer 2 is distinctly banded which results from tubules similar in dimensions and structural appearance to those observed within granules of the granular haemocytes. The observations indicate that the granules participate in the formation of layer 2 by emptying their contents into the haemocoel next to layer 1.

Evidence for a Sex Attractant in Agriotes lineatus (L.) (Col. Elateridae) Demonstrated by Field Experiments

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Borg
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Agriotes Lineatus

AbstractElaterids of the species Agriotes lineatus (L.), which were collected in heap-traps (at Stenum, Skara, West Sweden) during the period May 9-24, I972, were sorted according to sex. The abdomens of the males and females respectively were crushed in 95 % ethyl alcohol for the extraction of possible pheromones. The unfiltered fluid was tested in pitfall traps placed in a field of oats. During the period May II - July 3, I70 A. lineartus were obtained of which I62 were males. The majority of these were caught in the traps baited with female extract. The male extract caused no response. The female extract must therefore have contained a sex pheromone which attracted males of the same species.

Vespula vulgaris(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) gynes use a sex pheromone to attract males

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Brown ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling ◽  
Lloyd D. Stringer ◽  
Jacqueline R. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Mate Finding ◽  
Sex Attraction ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Virgin Queens ◽  
Cotton Roll

AbstractSex attraction studies were carried out to investigate the mate-finding behaviour of invasiveVespula vulgaris(Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) wasps. Delta traps were baited with live, caged males, and gynes (virgin queens) ofV. vulgaristo determine whether either sex produced a long-range sex attractant. Traps baited with gynes caught 71 males, while the controls and live-male wasp baited traps did not catch gynes. Wind tunnel trials were performed to verify if the signal produced by the gynes was chemical in nature. First,V. vulgarismales were flown to live caged gynes, where more than half of the males tested flew upwind in a zigzagging pattern and made contact with caged gynes. Males were also flown to hexane rinses of gynes and flew upwind in a zigzagging pattern towards the gyne extract, although none made contact with the cotton roll stimulus. The results presented here demonstrate conclusively thatV. vulgarisgynes produce a sex pheromone.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

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