scholarly journals Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Region ◽  
Small Column ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Glandular Structures

The micromorphology of selected elements of <i>Echium vulgare</i> L. flowers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fine, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

Stomatal ontogeny of the vegetative and floral organs of some Papilionaceae

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Shah ◽  
BV Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

The structure and development of stomata on the vegetative and floral organs of Vigna unguiculata Walp., and the vegetative organs of Phaseolus radiatus L. and P. aconitifolius Jacq. are described. Paracytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic stomata are present on the same surface of different organs of the plants investigated except on the stem and petiole of V. unguiculata, the bract of P. radiatus, and the petiole, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius where the last type is absent. Stomata with only one subsidiary cell are found on the leaf, petiole, sepal, and petal of V. unguiculata. Diacytic stomata occur on the stipel of P. radiatus and the stem, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius. Paracytic stomata are by far the commonest on each organ. The frequency of different types of stomata on different organs in the plants investigated is tabulated. The ontogeny of different kinds of stomata on each organ is mesogenous, but the perigenous type may be found on the petal and pericarp of V. unguiculata and the stipule of P. radiatus. The variation in stomata is due to: (a) a diversity in stomatal types even on the same surface, and (b) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells. The subsidiary cells divide, or additional subsidiary cells are derived from adjacent epidermal cells. The present study also supports the inclusion of the species concerned in the tribe Phaseolae.

Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1825-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Basinger ◽  
David C. Christophel
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fossil Leaves ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Flowers ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Clay Lenses ◽  
Coal Measures

Numerous flowers and a diverse assemblage of leaves are mummified in clay lenses in the base of the Demons Bluff Formation overlying the Eastern View Coal Measures. Fossil localities occur in the Alcoa of Australia open cut near Anglesea, Victoria, Australia. Flowers are tubular, less than 10 mm long, and about 5 mm wide. Four sepals are connate forming a cup-shaped calyx. Four petals are fused in their basal third and alternate with sepals. Flowers are all unisexual and staminate. Stamens are epipetalous and consistently 16 in number, arranged in 8 radial pairs. Pollen is subprolate, tricolporate, and about 32 μm in diameter. The exine is smooth to slightly scabrate. A rudimentary ovary occurs in some flowers. Sepals usually have a somewhat textureless abaxial cuticle with actinocytic stomata. Some sepals, however, have frill-like cuticular thickenings over some abaxial epidermal cells and some subsidiary cells with pronounced papillae overarching guard cells. One of the more common leaf types found associated with the flowers is characterized by the same peculiar cuticular thickenings and overarching papillae on subsidiary cells that occur on sepals. This cuticular similarity indicates that flowers and leaves represent a single taxon. Leaves are highly variable in size and shape but are consistently entire margined, with pinnate, brochidodromous venation. The suite of features characterizing the flowers is unique to the Ebenaceae. Flowers of many extant species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) closely resemble the fossil flowers. Fossil leaves, too, are typical of leaves of extant Diospyros. Both flowers and leaves are considered conspecific and have been assigned the name Austrodiospyros cryptostoma gen. et sp. nov. The Anglesea fossils represent one of the earliest well-documented occurrences of the Ebenaceae and are the earliest known remains of Ebenaceae from Australia. They support the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the family with late Tertiary diversification in the Malesian region.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Pedja Janaćković
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Involucral Bract ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
First Time

In this study, the micromorphology of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the endemic Centaurea glaberrima Tausch subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek (Asteraceae), using scanning electron microscope (SEM), is presented for the first time. Uniseriate whip-like non-glandular and biseriate glandular trichomes are found on the surface of all aboveground parts (stem, leaves, peduncles, involucral bract). On the adaxial leaf epidermis ribbed thickenings (striation pattern) of outer periclinal cell walls, slightly curved anticlinal cell walls and anomocytic stomata are noticed. Rugose abaxial surface with thorny protuberances of the involucral bract is documented. Corolla is glabrous with longitudinally parallel epidermal cells with distinct straight outline. Isopolar, radially symmetric and tricolporate microechinate pollen grains are seen. Short stylar hairs, without cuticular striations, are present along the outer sides of the style, while the inner sides (abaxial surface) constitute the papillate stigmatic surface. Microcharacters found in cypsela are as follows: slightly ribbed body; rotund base; lateral and concave insertion; short, unicellular curly acute trichomes; smooth epidermis; fine-sulcate ornamentation; rod shaped epidermal cells with short, obtuse end walls and straight anticlinal walls; poorly developed minutely dentate pericarp rim; and dimorphic pappus with bristles of different length and morphology, with pinnules restricted to the margins of the bristles. The results obtained contribute to knowledge about the micromorphology of the studied endemic species and provide features for its better identification. The taxonomic significance of the analyzed characters is discussed. Some well defined microcharacters of the studied species might have taxonomic value

scholarly journals ESTUDO MORFO-ANATÔMICO E ABORDAGEM FITOQUÍMICA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES DE Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. K. BROCK ◽  
M. Do R. DUARTE ◽  
T. NAKASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fibrous Capsule ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Nasal Decongestant ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, é uma herbácea escandente, denominada popularmente de buchinha. O fruto é empregado na medicina tradicional como purgativo, emenagogo e descongestionante nasal. O presente trabalho objetivou fornecer informações complementares à morfo-anatomia e realizar abordagem fitoquímica dos frutos e sementes dessa espécie. O material botânico foi reidratado, seccionado e corado, de acordo com técnicas usuais de microscopia fotônica. Para a análise fitoquímica, foram preparados extratos aquoso e hidroalcoólico, por meio de maceração dos frutos e das sementes pulverizados. O fruto é ovóide, capsular e fibroso, com estrias e acúleos. O epicarpo apresenta tricomas tectores pluricelulares e estômatos anomocíticos, e feixes vasculares percorrem o mesocarpo e o endocarpo. A semente é elipsóide e achatada, sendo a epiderme do tegumento formada por células de paredes anticlinais onduladas, o endosperma reduzido e os cotilédones plano-convexos. Os extratos dos frutos indicaram a presença de flavonóides, taninos, saponinas, esteróides e/ou triterpenóides. MORPHO-ANATOMICAL STUDY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FRUITS AND SEEDS OF Luffa operculata (L.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE Abstract Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Cucurbitaceae, is a climbing herb, popularly known as loofa sponge. The fruit is employed in the traditionalmedicine as laxative, emmenagogue and nasal decongestant. This study aimed to supply additional knowledge to the morpho-anatomy and phytochemical screening of the fruits and seeds. The botanical material was rehydrated, sectioned and stained, according to the usual optical microtechniques. For the phytochemical analysis, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared, by means of maceration of the powdered fruits and seeds. The fruit is an oval and fibrous capsule, showing striated surface and aculeous. The exocarp has pluricellular non-glandular trichomes and anomocytic stomata, and vascular bundles are seen in the mesocarp and endocarp. The seed is elliptical and flat, presenting the epidermal cells of the integument with wavy anticlinal walls, reduced endosperm and plain-convex cotyledons. The fruit extracts indicate the presence of flavonoids, tanins, saponins, esteroids and/or triterpenoids.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE FOTÔNICA E ULTRA-ESTRUTURAL DA EPIDERME FOLIAR DE Galinsoga parviflora CAV. E G. ciliata (RAF.) BLAKE, ASTERACEAE

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Do R. DUARTE ◽  
J. F. LOPES
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Insufficiency ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Face View

Galinsoga parviflora Cav. e G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake são herbáceas medicinais, empregadas popularmente no tratamento de ulcerações cutâneas e distúrbios hepáticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a epiderme foliar dessas espécies, por meio de análise fotônica e ultra-estrutural. Folhas adultas foram fixadas e submetidas a técnicas usuais de microscopia fotônica e de varredura. Ambas as espécies apresentam epiderme foliar uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula delgada e levemente estriada. Em vista frontal, as células epidérmicas revelam contorno sinuoso e estômatos anomocíticos ocorrem em ambas as superfícies. Tricomas tectores pluricelulares e unisseriados predominam na face adaxial. Esse anexo epidérmico é comparativamente mais numeroso em G. ciliata. OPTICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEAF EPIDERMIS OF Galinsoga parviflora CAV. AND G. ciliata (RAF.) BLAKE, ASTERACEAE Abstract Galinsoga parviflora Cav. and G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake are medicinal herbs, popularly employed for treating cutaneous ulcers and hepatic insufficiency. This work has aimed to characterize the leaf epidermis of these species, by means of optical and ultrastructural analysis. Mature leaves were fixed and undergone usual optical and scanning microtechniques. Both species have got uniseriate leaf epidermis, coated by thin and slightly striated cuticle. In face view, the epidermal cells show sinuous contour and anomocytic stomata are seen on both surfaces. Pluricellular and uniseriate non-glandular trichomes predominate on the upper side. This epidermal appendage is comparatively more frequent in G. ciliata.

scholarly journals THE SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF LEAF EPIDERMAL MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TEN NEPENTHES SPECIES (NEPENTHACEAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli ◽  
Amin Asyraf Tamizi ◽  
Muhamad Ikhwanuddin Mat Esa ◽  
Edward Entalai Besi ◽  
Dome Nikong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
A Value ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

GHAZALLI, M. N., TAMIZI, A. A., ESA, M. I. M., BESI, E. E., NIKONG, D., NORDIN, A. R. M. & ZAINI, A. Z. 2019. The systematic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphology of ten Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 18(2): 81−96. — The pitcher plants of Malaysia belong to the genus Nepenthes and can be found thriving in swampy areas, along the roadside, on hillslopes and in mountainous terrains depending on species and their ecological preferences. In this study, cuticle micromorphology of ten species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) collected from Peninsular Malaysia was intensively studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterise and investigate diagnostic characters of cuticle micromorphology that can be useful in Nepenthes classification. A total of eleven characters from the inner and outer cuticles were enumerated in details and these characters have a value either for infrageneric classification or for diagnostic identification of the species. Characters observed and analysed were related to the epidermal cells, subsidiary cells, stomatal complex i.e type of waxes on both epidermal surfaces, abaxial and adaxial cuticular ornamentation, stomata characteristics, stomata formation, stomata frequency, cuticular ornamentation on stomata, shape of the stomata, stomata size, trichome existence and type of trichomes. Nepenthes ampullaria is clearly distinguished from the other species by markedly different types of tufted and multicellular trichomes of the epidermal cells on both leaf epidermal surfaces. For N. alba, its cuticular feature showed groovy cuticular pattern on the abaxial and adaxial surface, hence, can serve as a diagnostic cuticular pattern for this species. From these findings, the species delimitation based on cuticular features show a clear resolution, however some species might be individually distinct based on the combination of characters examined. 

Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis L

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Inamdar ◽  
AJ Chohan
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Epidermal Structure ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Outer Epidermis

The epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floral organs of Hibiscus rosasinensis are described. The epidermal cells are polygonal isodiametric or elongated and arranged irregularly or parallel to the long axis. The anticlinal walls of the epidermis are thick, straight, arched, or rarely sinuous. The surface of the cuticle shows parallel striations radiating from the guard cells or hair bases. Six types of glandular and eglandular trichomes have been noticed. The mature stomata are anisocytic, paracytic, or anomocytic. The development of anisocytic and paracytic stomata is of the mesogenous or syndetocheilic type. The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata conforms to the perigenous or haplocheilic type. The three types of stomata occur on all the vegetative and floral organs of this plant except the anther wall and the outer epidermis of the carpel. The developmental modes are constant from organ to organ within the same plant.

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dayanandan ◽  
P. B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

ONTOGENY OF STOMATA IN SOME CRUCIFERAE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The ontogeny of stomata was investigated in 12 species of Cruciferae. The three subsidiary cells as well as the guard cells originate from the same protodermal cell and thus the ontogeny conforms to the syndetocheilic type. The mature stomata are anisocytic. Sometimes, the subsidiary cells undergo a transverse and (or) vertical division and the mature stoma shows four to five subsidiary cells.

Leaf micromorphology of the Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon (Polygonaceae) and its systematic re-evaluation

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 391 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN-JUNG KONG ◽  
SUK-PYO HONG
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

A comparative study of the leaf microstructures of 19 taxa belonging to the Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon and related four Koenigia taxa was performed by LM and SEM to evaluate their systematic significance. Both amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves were observed in the taxa studied. The stomatal size ranged from 17.04–41.96 × 13.41–37.30 μm, and stomata on the adaxial side were larger than those on the abaxial side in general. Anomocytic stomata occurred most commonly, but more than one type of stomata was observed on the same surface. Paracytic stomata was found in both Persicaria palmata and P. criopolitana. The epidermal cells usually have straight to sinuate anticlinal cell walls (ACW), and the ACW on the abaxial side of most taxa is much more undulated than that on the adaxial side. Cuticular striation was observed in most of the studied taxa, which was restricted to only the adaxial side. Two types of crystals were observed: druse and prismatic, and seven types of trichome were recognized: five types of non-glandular trichomes (stellate with smooth surface, multiseriate with either smooth or striated surface, and uniseriate with either smooth or papillose surface), and two types of glandular trichomes (peltate and long-stalked pilate). The leaf micromorphology in this study was categorized into five types based on the stomata, epidermis, crystal and trichome, as further systematic significance of the leaf epidermal characters within the P. sect. Cephalophilon are discussed. In addition, we propose a new taxonomic combination in the P. sect. Cephalophilon.

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