SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF THE SUNFLOWER STEM WEEVIL, CYLINDROCOPTURUS ADSPERSUS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), ON CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence D. Charlet
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early Flower

AbstractThe sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte), is a pest of cultivated sunflower in the major production areas of North and South Dakota, Minnesota, and Texas. Adults appeared in sunflower plots between 5 and 25 June in 1980–1985, when plants had 4–14 leaves. Oviposition began soon after adults were present and continued into late August. Peak densities of both eggs and adults occurred in mid-July. Larvae hatched between 6 and 11 July, when plants were in the early flower bud growth stages. Larvae fed in the sunflower stalk and moved to the stalk base or root crown to construct overwintering chambers. The seasonal patterns of the weevil’s life stages in 6 years were similar, but population densities varied. Regression equations were developed to predict larval numbers in stalks from number of adults to aid in making control decisions.

scholarly journals First Report of Charcoal Rot of Sunflower in Minnesota, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
T. Gulya ◽  
A. Mengistu ◽  
K. Kinzer ◽  
N. Balbyshev ◽  
S. Markell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
First Report ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
North And South

Charcoal rot was first observed on sunflower in North and South Dakota in 1998, and was widespread on soybeans recently in Iowa, suggesting that Macrophomina may becoming more common in cooler growing areas of Midwestern United States. With the multitude of Macrophomina hosts in the northern Great Plains and the high incidence of microsclerotia we detected in soil, high disease potential may exist, suggesting that in drier, hotter years the sunflower crop may be affected by this disease. Accepted for publication 17 May 2010. Published 7 July 2010.

scholarly journals Return Levels of Northern Great Plains Snow Water Equivalents

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Grundstein ◽  
Qi Qi Lu ◽  
Robert Lund
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Return Level ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Return Levels ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
North And South ◽  
Raw Observations ◽  
Individual Grid

Abstract This paper estimates return levels of extreme snow water equivalents (SWE) in the northern Great Plains region, containing North and South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. The return levels are estimated from extreme-value methods using a new hybrid SWE dataset that improves the spatial resolution of existing data in the area. A novel aspect of the methods is the use of standard error margins to spatially smooth the estimated SWE return levels computed on individual grid cells. The end product is a reliable return-level estimate that controls for uncertainties in the raw observations. The methods should prove useful in analyses of other geographical regions.

scholarly journals Land-use change reduces habitat suitability for supporting managed honey bee colonies in the Northern Great Plains

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (37) ◽  
pp. 10430-10435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint R. V. Otto ◽  
Cali L. Roth ◽  
Benjamin L. Carlson ◽  
Matthew D. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Biofuel Crops ◽  
The Us ◽  
North And South

Human reliance on insect pollination services continues to increase even as pollinator populations exhibit global declines. Increased commodity crop prices and federal subsidies for biofuel crops, such as corn and soybeans, have contributed to rapid land-use change in the US Northern Great Plains (NGP), changes that may jeopardize habitat for honey bees in a part of the country that supports >40% of the US colony stock. We investigated changes in biofuel crop production and grassland land covers surrounding ∼18,000 registered commercial apiaries in North and South Dakota from 2006 to 2014. We then developed habitat selection models to identify remotely sensed land-cover and land-use features that influence apiary site selection by Dakota beekeepers. Our study demonstrates a continual increase in biofuel crops, totaling 1.2 Mha, around registered apiary locations in North and South Dakota. Such crops were avoided by commercial beekeepers when selecting apiary sites in this region. Furthermore, our analysis reveals how grasslands that beekeepers target when selecting commercial apiary locations are becoming less common in eastern North and South Dakota, changes that may have lasting impact on pollinator conservation efforts. Our study highlights how land-use change in the NGP is altering the landscape in ways that are seemingly less conducive to beekeeping. Our models can be used to guide future conservation efforts highlighted in the US national pollinator health strategy by identifying areas that support high densities of commercial apiaries and that have exhibited significant land-use changes.

LATEST HOLOCENE AEOLIAN ACTIVITY IN THE WHITE RIVER BADLANDS DUNE FIELDS, SOUTH DAKOTA, NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS, USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Baldauf ◽  
◽  
Gregory Baker ◽  
Patrick Burkhart ◽  
Allen Gontz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
White River ◽  
Aeolian Activity

scholarly journals UAV-Based Heating Requirement Determination for Frost Management in Apple Orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Wenan Yuan ◽  
Daeun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Frost Protection ◽  
Map Resolution ◽  
Temperature Maps

Frost is a natural disaster that can cause catastrophic damages in agriculture, while traditional temperature monitoring in orchards has disadvantages such as being imprecise and laborious, which can lead to inadequate or wasteful frost protection treatments. In this article, we presented a heating requirement assessment methodology for frost protection in an apple orchard utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based thermal and RGB cameras. A thermal image stitching algorithm using the BRISK feature was developed for creating georeferenced orchard temperature maps, which attained a sub-centimeter map resolution and a stitching speed of 100 thermal images within 30 s. YOLOv4 classifiers for six apple flower bud growth stages in various network sizes were trained based on 5040 RGB images, and the best model achieved a 71.57% mAP for a test dataset consisted of 360 images. A flower bud mapping algorithm was developed to map classifier detection results into dense growth stage maps utilizing RGB image geoinformation. Heating requirement maps were created using artificial flower bud critical temperatures to simulate orchard heating demands during frost events. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed orchard heating requirement determination methodology, which has the potential to be a critical component of an autonomous, precise frost management system in future studies.

Simulated hail damage and yield reduction in lentil

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bueckert
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hail Damage ◽  
Quadratic Models

Bueckert, R. A. 2011. Simulated hail damage and yield reduction in lentil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 117–124. The severity of crop damage by hail is frequently estimated using equations derived from controlled experiments, but this approach has not been extended to the indeterminate pulse crop lentil (Lens culinaris L.). The objective was to simulate hail damage on two lentil cultivars, and estimate yield reduction for use in the Crop Insurance Industry. Hail damage was simulated by controlled canopy crushing on two cultivars, CDC Blaze and CDC Sedley at 4 location-years in Saskatchewan in 2006 and 2007. Plots received simulated damage as the untreated control (0%), 30, 60 or 90% canopy height reduction by crushing at each of four growth stages: vegetative, early flowering, pod-filling, and physiological maturity. As damage intensity increased from 0 to 90%, yield decreased in both cultivars. Most yield reduction (>65%) was seen when damage occurred in reproductive growth. Yield reduction for lentil damaged in vegetative growth was described by linear models, and the reproductive stages by quadratic models. The equations will help improve hail damage assessment in lentil on the Northern Great Plains.

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