Effect of delayed mating on reproductive biology of the Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Fraser ◽  
R.M. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Black Head ◽  
Egg Fertility

AbstractThe effect of delayed mating on the reproductive biology of females of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), was studied in the laboratory. Expected reproduction, defined as t-th day survival rate × percent successful mating × total viable eggs, was reduced by 13, 36, and 74%, respectively, after a 2-, 5-, and 10-d delay in pairing with a male compared with females that were paired with a male on their day of emergence. Female fertility (percentage of females laying fertile eggs), fecundity (total number of eggs laid), egg fertility (percentage of eggs developing to black head stage), and egg hatch (percentage of eggs hatching) were reduced by delays in mating. The pre-oviposition period of females mated within 24 h of emergence was longer than that of females mated 2, 5, or 10 d after emergence. The duration of the oviposition period declined with delays in mating. Female longevity increased with delays in mating and was greatest in virgin females. The number of eggs laid per day was similar in females paired with a male 2, 5, and 10 d after their emergence. Commencing 2 d after pairing, females paired on their day of emergence exhibited a daily oviposition rate similar to that of females paired 2–10 d after emergence. These observations suggest that the successful control of the Oriental fruit moth using sex-pheromone-mediated orientation disruption (mating disruption) is more likely accomplished by preventing mating than by delaying mating.

Delayed mating reduces reproductive output of female European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Torres-Vila ◽  
M.C. Rodríguez-Molina ◽  
J. Stockel
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Grapevine Moth ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Female Weight

AbstractVirgin females of Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller were mated at ages of 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 and 16 days and the effect of mating delay on reproductive output assessed. Delayed mating did not affect female mating success but fertilization was reduced in 16-day-old females. Increased mating delays substantially affected daily oviposition pattern and resulted in a significant reduction of both fecundity and fertility, so that mean number of viable eggs laid decreased from 150 to 22 in 1- and 16-day-old mated females, respectively. Heavier females were more constrained than lighter ones by mating delays and female reproductive efficiency (no. viable eggs/female body weight) was also significantly reduced. Female longevity significantly increased and oviposition period gradually declined with mating delay. The number of viable eggs was positively correlated with both female weight and oviposition period; female longevity and female weight were also significantly correlated. However, the significance of these correlations declined with increased mating delay. Results overall indicated that mating delay drastically reduces female L. botrana reproductive output. The implications of delayed mating of females are discussed from an ecological perspective in relation to L. botrana control using mating disruption.

Reproductive Biology of the Bronze Birch Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on Selected Trees2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney C. Akers ◽  
David G. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer ◽  
Quercus Palustris ◽  
Foliage Quality

Reproductive biology of the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory, was examined by measuring the influence of host on maturation feeding period, fecundity, incubation period, egg viability, and longevity. Initially, females fed Betula pendula Roth leaves had the highest fecundity and egg hatchability. However, when large numbers of beetles were caged on an individual B. pendula in 1982, females did not oviposit. Fecundity and egg hatch varied on Populus deltoides Bartr. ex March between years but was consistently high, and the percentage of females ovipositing when fed this host was usually highest. Some beetles fed Quercus palustris Muenchh. or Salix elaeagnos Scop, produced eggs; no reproduction occurred on Acer saccharinum L. Host species and environmental variables influenced the beetle's reproductive biology, but some of the observed differences may be explained by reduced foliage quality resulting from inducible plant defense or spacing pheromones produced by beetles at high densities.

Delayed mating in tortricid leafroller species: simultaneously aging both sexes prior to mating is more detrimental to female reproductive potential than aging either sex alone

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Stelinski ◽  
L.J. Gut
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Argyrotaenia Velutinana ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Female Longevity

AbstractThe effect of delayed mating on reproductive potential, longevity and oviposition period of female redbanded leafroller,Argyrotaenia velutinana(Walker) and Pandemis leafroller,Pandemis pyrusanaKearfott, was investigated in the laboratory. Virgin female or male moths of each species were held for 1, 2, 4, 6 or 10 days prior to pairing with one-day-old virgin conspecifics of the opposite sex. In addition, reproductive potential was assessed when both sexes of each species were aged for those periods prior to pairing. The expected reproduction of femaleA. velutinanawas reduced by 34, 53, 71 and 81% for 2, 4, 6 and 10-day delays in female mating, respectively. ForP. pyrusana, expected reproduction was reduced by 47, 74, 85 and 93% for 2, 4, 6 and 10-day delays in female mating, respectively. Increasing male age at mating in both species had a lesser effect on female reproductive output compared with increasing female age at mating. As maleA. velutinanaage at mating increased, the expected reproduction of femaleA. velutinanawas reduced by 15, 45, 54 and 70% for 2, 4, 6 and 10-day delays, respectively. Comparing maleP. pyrusanaof various ages at mating, expected reproduction was reduced by 14, 42, 64 and 79% for 2, 4, 6 and 10-day delays in mating, respectively. The decrease in female reproduction when both sexes were aged prior to mating was higher than when either sex alone was aged prior to pairing with a one-day-old virgin of the opposite sex. The expected reproduction of femaleA. velutinanawas reduced by 60, 83, 96 and 98% for 2, 4, 6 and 10-day delays in mating of both sexes, respectively. Only 7.5% of female eggs hatched when both sexes ofA. velutinanawere aged ten days prior to mating. When simultaneously aging both sexes ofP. pyrusanaprior to mating, expected reproduction was reduced by 71, 93, 96 and 99% for 2, 4, 6 and 10-day delays in mating, respectively. NoP. pyrusanaeggs hatched after a ten-day delay of mating for both sexes. For both species, female longevity increased and duration of oviposition period decreased with increasing female age at mating. Our results demonstrate that delayed mating in both females and males negatively affects female reproductive output in both species and that simultaneous aging of both sexes prior to mating has a greater effect than aging either sex alone. Our results suggest that laboratory studies that have paired aged females or aged males with conspecifics of optimal reproductive maturity have likely underestimated the effects of delayed mating on reproductive output.

scholarly journals Effects of cold storage on the biological characteristics of Microplitis prodeniae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yan ◽  
J.J. Yue ◽  
C. Bai ◽  
Z.Q. Peng ◽  
C.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Field Release ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Female Longevity

AbstractThe endoparasitoid Microplitis prodeniae Rao and Chandry is an important potential augmentative biological control agent for lepidopteran pests of vegetables and tobacco. However, cold storage of pupae is required to ensure that sufficient parasitoids are available when they are needed in the field. In this study, pupae were maintained at 0, 4 or 10°C for 5–50 days after which the adults were evaluated for emergence, pre-emergence period, sex ratio, female longevity, oviposition period, and fecundity. Cold storage did not affect the pre-emergence period or proportion of females; however, there was a significant reduction in emergence, female longevity, oviposition period, and fecundity with increased exposure to cold. The pre-emergence period was approximately 5 days, and approximately 50% of the emergent parasitoids were females. A cold storage regime of 10 days at 10°C had no effect on the parasitoids and adult emergence was greater than 50% even after 20 days at 10°C. There was no carryover of the cold treatment from parental to F1 and F2 generations. Thus, M. prodeniae can be stockpiled for field release by exposing the pupae to a cold regime and subsequently holding them for adult emergence at 28°C.

scholarly journals Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption as Management Option for Cydia spp. in Chestnut Orchard

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferracini ◽  
Cristina Pogolotti ◽  
Franco Rama ◽  
Giada Lentini ◽  
Valerio Saitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Insect

(1) Background: Pheromone-based devices are successfully used to control insect pests in agriculture. (2) Methods: Investigations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mating disruption (MD) to control the chestnut tortrix moths, Cydia fagiglandana and Cydia splendana. Surveys were performed in northern Italy in 2019–2020. MD was carried out using the pheromone dispenser Ecodian® CT. The effectiveness of MD was assessed by recording male adult catches in pheromone-baited sticky traps and larvae in chestnut fruits, comparing MD and control plots. (3) Results: The total number of trapped males was significantly lower in MD plots than in control ones, for all sites and years. Trap catch suppression in MD plots averaged 89.5% and 93.8% for C. fagiglandana and 57.4% and 81% for C. splendana in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The larval infestation rate in fruits did not vary between plots except for one site where a reduction of about 71% in the MD plot was recorded in 2019. (4) Conclusions: Low catches in MD plots turned out to be a good measure of the effectiveness of communication disruption, but no satisfactory data have been obtained regarding fruit infestation, highlighting how the reduction of male catches cannot always be considered as a reliable indicator of successful control. Specific investigations about background population density, dispersal and mating/oviposition behavior are thus essential for a viable management strategy.

scholarly journals Simultaneous control of Cydia molesta and Anarsia lineatella in peach orchards of Northern Greece by combining mating disruption and insecticide treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kyparissoudas
Keyword(s):  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Anarsia Lineatella ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
Cydia Molesta ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Total Damage ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

Trials were carried out in 1987 and 1988 on the combined control of oriental fruit moth (OFM), Cydia molesta (Busck), and peach twig borer (PTB), Anarsia lineatella (Zell), in peach orchards in Northern Greece with Isomate-M pheromone dispensers (mating disruption technique) and insecticides against OFM and PTB, respectively. One application of the Isomate-M at a rate of 1,000 units per ha, and one application of the insect growth inhibitor (IGI) hexaflumuron 5 EC (200 ml f.p,/hl) or two sprays of fluvalinate 25 AF (60 ml f.p./hl) during June provided satisfactory control of OFM and PTB. Total damage per tree in the trials reached 1.0-3.6%, versus 1.4-3.0% in the conventionally sprayed orchards, while in unsprayed control blocks it was 14.4-23k. These encouraging results open possibilities for the combined control of these peach insects in Northern Greece.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extracts of Species of the Genus Campomanesia (Myrtaceae) Affect Biological Characteristics of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Irys Fernanda Santana Couto ◽  
Mateus Pereira ◽  
Claudia A. L. Cardoso ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Alternative Control Methods ◽  
Great Damage

Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an insect pest that causes great damage to Brassica cultures. It is necessary to develop alternative control methods, because this pest is resistant to many synthetic insecticides that are harmful to the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Campomanesia adamantium, C. guazumifolia, and C. xanthocarpa on the life cycle of P. xylostella. These aqueous extracts were prepared in a concentration of 10 g/mL and then applied on cabbage disks of 4 cm2 to feed the larvae until they reached pupal stage. The disks were evaluated daily during the larval stage and replaced every 24 hours. The experiment consisted of ten replicates, each replicate containing five subsamples. The parameters evaluated were larval and pupal survival, pupal biomass, gender ratio, male and female longevity, number of eggs, fecundity, oviposition period and egg survival. The C. xanthocarpa extract increased larval stage and decreased pupal biomass and oviposition period. The C. adamantium extract decreased larval duration, pupal biomass, male longevity, and oviposition period. The C. guazumifolia extract decreased larval stage, male longevity, and oviposition period. The chemical composition of the extracts of Campomanesia species presented flavonoids such as quercetin, phenolic compounds, and tannins, and the highest retention time occurred in C. adamantium. Thus, the extracts of Campomanesia species were effective in decreasing and controlling the oviposition period of P. xylostella, probably because of the presence of flavonoids, which indicates a possible antioxidant potential and, therefore, the observed antibiosis.

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