scholarly journals A New Formica from Northern Maine, with a Discussion of its Supposed Type of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

1949 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Social Parasitism ◽  
Isosceles Triangle ◽  
Frontal Area ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Uneven Surface ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Strongly Convex ◽  
Basal Half

While on a short visit in northern Maine during the summer of 1946, I collected a new and interesting ant of the Microgyna group of the genus Formica. The description follows below:Formica dirksi sp. nov.Deälate queen, total length 5.1 mm. Head, maximum width through eyes 1.2 mm., at base of mandibles 0.78 mm., length to anterior border of clypeus 1.3 mm. Thorax, Weber's (1938: 155, footnote) measurement 2.1 mm. General characters of the Microgyna group. Mandibles 7-toothed. Clypeus evenly rounded in front, with uneven surface and carina just barely distinguishable as a line anteriorly, but becoming a low blunt ridge through the mid-region and disappearing posteriorly. Head, excluding mandibles and eyes, somewhat longer than broad; narrower in front than in behind, with posterior corners evenly rounded, posterior border and sides slightly convex. Antennae of medium size, scape slightly stouter apically than basally, bent slightly and gradually in basal half, joints 2 and 3 of funiculus distinctly longer than broad; the apical joints only slightly longer than broad. Frontal area distinct, subtriangular, and about twice as broad at base as high. Frontal carinae diverging posteriorly, about as long as width of frontal area. Eyes black, more or less oval, strongly convex, remote from mandibular insertions and close to posterior corners of head. Ocelli medium-sized, round, white and forming an isosceles triangle with a base, which is situated posteriorly, equal to 0.24 mm. Ratio of base to the shorter sides is 10 to 7.

The spatial and temporal dynamics of Sax1 (CHox3) homeobox gene expression in the chick's spinal cord

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Spann ◽  
M. Ginsburg ◽  
Z. Rangini ◽  
A. Fainsod ◽  
H. Eyal-Giladi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Specific Localization

Sax1 (previously CHox3) is a chicken homeobox gene belonging to the same homeobox gene family as the Drosophila NK1 and the honeybee HHO genes. Sax1 transcripts are present from stage 2 H&H until at least 5 days of embryonic development. However, specific localization of Sax1 transcripts could not be detected by in situ hybridization prior to stage 8-, when Sax1 transcripts are specifically localized in the neural plate, posterior to the hindbrain. From stages 8- to 15 H&H, Sax1 continues to be expressed only in the spinal part of the neural plate. The anterior border of Sax1 expression was found to be always in the transverse plane separating the youngest somite from the yet unsegmented mesodermal plate and to regress with similar dynamics to that of the segregation of the somites from the mesodermal plate. The posterior border of Sax1 expression coincides with the posterior end of the neural plate. In order to study a possible regulation of Sax1 expression by its neighboring tissues, several embryonic manipulation experiments were performed. These manipulations included: removal of somites, mesodermal plate or notochord and transplantation of a young ectopic notochord in the vicinity of the neural plate or transplantation of neural plate sections into the extraembryonic area. The results of these experiments revealed that the induction of the neural plate by the mesoderm has already occurred in full primitive streak embryos, after which Sax1 is autonomously regulated within the spinal part of the neural plate.

scholarly journals BARE SPOT LOCATION IN GLENOID CAVITY: COMPARISON BETWEEN ARTHROSCOPY AND CT SCAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
MAX ROGÉRIO FREITAS RAMOS ◽  
PEDRO FILGUEIRAS HIDALGO ◽  
DIOGO FAGUNDES ◽  
YONDER ARCHANJO CHING SAN JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Glenoid Cavity ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Injury Repair ◽  
Bare Spot ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess whether Bare Spot is previously displaced by proportion (MEASURE BP-A × 1.25/MEASURE BP-P = 1). Methods: 35 patients with surgical indication for rotator cuff injury repair were evaluated. The distances from the Bare Spot to the anterior edge of the glenoid cavity (BS-A) and to the posterior edge (BS-P) were measured by arthroscopy and computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction of the scapula. Results: The distance from the Bare Spot to the anterior border (BS-A tc) was 11.6 mm with a median 12 mm; The distance to the posterior border (BS-P tc) was on average 15.5 mm with a median 15 mm. The distances from BS to anterior cavity edge measured by arthroscopy were on average (BS-A video) 12.25 mm with a median of 12 mm, and from BS to posterior edge (BS-P video) 16.25 mm on average with median 16 mm (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Bare Spot is displaced anteriorly at a proportion of 40% of the anterior margin and 60% of the posterior margin. Level of Evidence II - Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference “gold standard”).

New injurious Curculionidae (Col.) from Tropical Africa

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Apical Margin ◽  
Median Lobe ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Median Carina ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Strongly Convex ◽  
Basal Joint ◽  
Basal Half

♂♀. Derm black, with uniform dense sandy-brown scaling above and opalescent scaling beneath.Head short, not transversely impressed, the temples less than half as long as an eye; frons with the median stria partly obscured by scaling and with a few erect spatulate setae on each side; eyes strongly convex, highest behind the middle. Rostrum similar in the two sexes, a little longer than broad, about as wide at the genae as at the base, and with the sides slightly sinuate; dorsum with a high bare median carina that expands apically into a broad bare epistomal area, which is unevenly punctate and not marginate, the epistomal setae being rather sparse and narrow, the areas on each side of the carina densely squamose and obliquely impressed in the middle; mandibles less densely setose than usual and without scales; mentum with only a single row of setae along the apical margin. Antennae black, densely squamose throughout, scape straight, widening from base to apex; funicle with joints 1 and 2 equal, 3 as long as broad, 4–7 subequal and transverse; club with the basal joint pedunculate. Prothorax transverse (2:3), broadly rounded laterally in the basal half, widest at one-third from base, the basal angles rounded obtuse angles, not constricted apically, the base shallowly bisinuate with the median lobe short and broadly rounded; dorsum smooth, with dense overlapping striolate scales and short appressed spatulate setae, concealing the median stria, and with a large shallow impression in the basal angles.

scholarly journals Study of Mandibular Foramen in Adult Human Mandible Bones: An Osteological Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Gaurav Jung Shah ◽  
Ram Jiban Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Mandibular Foramen ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mandibular Notch

Introduction: The mandibular foramen is located on the medial surface of the ramus of mandible through which inferior alveolar nerve and vessels pass and supply the lower jaw. For dentists inferior alveolar nerve block is important to anesthetize the lower jaw for conducting various surgical procedures. Aims: To determine the accurate position of mandibular foramen through which inferior alveolar nerve and vessels were passing and supply the lower jaw and its clinical importance. Methods: This study was conducted on 35 dry mandible bones consisting of 70 mandibular foramens of unknown sex. All the important parameters were studied using vernier caliper. Results: The mean distance of mandibular foramen from mandibular notch was 21.00 mm on right side and 20.29 mm on left side, from posterior border was 12.63 mm on right side and 12.37 mm on left side, from angle of mandible was 20.60 mm on right side and 20.46 mm on left side, from base of the mandible was 23.57 mm on right side and 23.6 mm on left side, from anterior border was 16.74 mm on right side and 16.89 mm on left side. Conclusion: The accurate position of mandibular foramen varies. The knowledge of the average distance of mandibular foramen from various landmarks is useful for dental anesthesia and also helps to avoid complications.

Extent and properties of the regeneration field in the larval legs of cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae)

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Horst Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Leucophaea Maderae ◽  
Anterior Half ◽  
Regenerative Ability ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The investigation of the regeneration field of the larval legs of cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae), which commenced in a previous paper with extirpation experiments, has been continued by transplantation experiments. The extirpation experiments showed that there are two regions near the leg which are indispensable for leg regeneration: the basal sclerites, and the membranous region extending behind the leg up to the spiracle of the next segment, called ‘leg-inducing membrane’ (LIM). The LIM is followed by ‘sclerite-inducing membrane’ (SIM) which, upon contact with sclerites, only allows formation of sclerite structures. The results of the extirpation experiments have been confirmed by transplantation experiments. When the whole leg including the basal sclerites is removed, no leg regeneration occurs. The regenerative ability can be restored by implantation of part of the basal sclerites (for instance, the trochantin), but leg regeneration takes place only when the implantation area is covered by LIM. When the sclerites are transplanted to a region which is covered by SIM only additional basal sclerites are formed. Whole sets of basal sclerites have been implanted at different distances behind the uninjured hindleg. Additional legs are regenerated only in the anterior half of the membranous field extending between the hindleg and the first abdominal segment. Thus, there is adistribution of LIM and SIM in the region of the hindleg, similar to that near the midleg. Whole sets of basal sclerites have been implanted at various sites on the dorsal or ventral surfaces of the abdomen. Legs are formed on both surfaces, but only when the transplanted sclerites contact the intersegmental membranes. This means that the intersegmental membranes of the abdomen also have leg-inducing capacities. The implantation of a trochantin into a field of LIM is followed by the development of two regenerates - a normal one at the posterior border of the field, and one with reverse anterior-posterior polarity at the anterior border. When the trochantin is transplantedtogether with the praecoxa in a similar way, only one normal regenerate is formed at theposterior margin of the trochantin. The praecoxa prevents contact of the anterior margin of the trochantin with LIM, and contact of the anterior margin of the praecoxa with LIM does not promote leg regeneration.

Extent and properties of the regeneration field in the larval legs of cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae)

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-572
Author(s):  
Horst Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Leucophaea Maderae ◽  
Reversed Polarity ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Extirpation experiments have been performed on the larvae of cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae) to determine the extent and properties of the regeneration field of the legs of these insects. The distal segments, including the coxa, may all be removed without loss of regenerative capability; but regenerative capability eventually disappears if more proximal parts are removed. There are two regions adjoining the coxa anteriorly and posteriorly which are both important for leg regeneration. The anterior region consists of the sclerotized basal parts of the leg mainly formed by the trochantin and the praecoxa. The posterior region is an unsclerotized membranous area extending from the posterior border of the coxa to the anterior border of the next segment. This membrane is called ‘leg-inducing membrane’. If only one of these two regions is present, no leg regeneration will occur. The interaction of both parts is necessary to allow the formation of a complete leg. An extra leg with reversed anterior–posterior polarity is formed when the ‘leg-inducing membrane’ of one segment is brought into contact with the sclerites of the following segment after extirpation of the membranous area which normally separates them. This membranous area, which represents the most anterior part of a segment, is called ‘sclerite-inducing membrane’, for if the basal sclerites or part of them are combined with this membrane only sclerites are formed, either in normal or reversed polarity depending on the experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Width of pubic symphysis relating to age and sex in Koreans

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Hwang ◽  
Xiajing Wu ◽  
Chan Yong Park
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Ring ◽  
Pubic Symphysis ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Pelvic Ring Injuries ◽  
Axial Ct ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Pelvic Malunion ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Diastasis of the pubic symphysis has been reported to occur in 13–16% of pelvic ring injuries. In Asians, there are only a few data showing the width of the pubic symphysis. The aim of this study is to see the width of pubic symphysis relating to age and sex in Koreans. Methods Width of pubic symphysis was measured in pelvis AP and pelvic CT of 784 peoples (392 males, 392 females). Results In supine AP, the width at the upper end was 4.8±2.5 mm (males; 3.46±1.38 mm, females; 4.04±2.76 mm). The width at the midpoint was 4.7±2.0 mm (males; 4.64±1.58 mm, females; 4.75±2.29 mm). The width at the lower end was 4.8±2.5 mm (males; 4.58±2.19 mm, females; 5.08±2.76 mm). In abducted AP, the width at the upper end was 3.8±2.9 mm (males; 3.65±1.50 mm, females; 3.97±3.85 mm). The width at the midpoint was 4.6±2.3 mm (males; 4.45±2.16 mm, females; 5.18±3.79 mm). The width at the lower end was 4.8±3.1 mm (males; 4.55±1.30 mm, females; 4.74±3.06 mm). In axial CT, the width at the anterior border was 15.0±6.2 mm (males; 14.50±6.62 mm, females; 16.44±6.22 mm). The width at the narrowest point was 3.1±1.5 mm (males; 3.19±1.53 mm, females; 3.09±1.50 mm). The width at the widest point was 4.1±1.6 mm (males; 4.27±1.60 mm, females; 4.00±1.50 mm). The width at the posterior border was 2.3±1.3 mm (males: 2.20±1.30 mm, females; 2.44±1.40 mm). Axial thickness was 27.1±5.3 mm (males; 29.48±4.60 mm, females; 24.70±4.82 mm). In coronal CT, the width at the upper end was 3.1±4.1 mm (males; 2.28±1.26 mm, females; 3.83±5.48 mm). The width at beginning of widening was 3.6±4.5 mm (males; 2.68±1.63 mm, females; 4.54±6.08 mm). The width at the lower end was 20.5±8.2 mm (males; 17.49±4.53 mm, females; 23.60±9.86 mm). Coronal thickness was 20.4±7.1 mm (males; 24.50±5.98 mm, females; 16.23±5.61 mm). In supine film, width significantly increased with age at the upper end (p=0.022) and midpoint (p< 0.001); however, it decreased at the lower end (p< 0.001). In abduction film, width at midpoint increased with age (p=0.003). Conclusion Pelvic malunion should be defined according to the population and age. These results could be a reference in assessing the quality of reduction after internal fixation of the patients with traumatic diastasis of the pubic symphysis.

Pattern regulation and the origin of extra parts following axial misalignments in the urodele limb bud

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-55
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Thoms ◽  
John F. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Host Tissue ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Dorsoventral Polarity ◽  
Anteroposterior Axis ◽  
Graft Tissue ◽  
Salamander Species ◽  
Pattern Regulation

Pattern regulation following axial misalignments in the stage-38+to stage-40 urodele limb bud was studied on one newt and two salamander species. Grafts of the distal tip of the limb bud were made to the stump of a host limb bud from which a similar piece had been removed. The grafts were positioned with either their anteroposterior, dorsoventral, or both of these axes reversed with respect to the host axes. Mirror-imaged duplications, positioned posteriorly or both anteriorly and posteriorly, occurred nearly all (96%) of the time when the anteroposterior axis was reversed. Dorsoventral axial misalignment rarely promoted the generation of mirror-imaged duplications (8%) but did affect the organization along the anteroposterior axis by causing a serial repetition of either digit 2 or digit 3. Regulation, therefore, does not always occur along each axis independently of the others. Consistent with the data derived from reversing individual axes, most of the duplications which occurred when both axes were reversed were in the anteroposterior plane. Some were in the dorsoventral plane, and a few had intermediate positions. Of these duplications a few were neither right nor left hands, rather they were of mixed handedness with a change in the dorsoventral polarity from the anterior border to the posterior border. Whether extra parts which result from axial misalignments arise from the graft, the host, or both the graft and the host was investigated using heteroplastic grafts and grafts exchanged between triploid and diploid axolotls. Duplications were found to have cellular contributions from both the graft and the host. In some cases one source would dominate but usually both made a substantial contribution. The diploid-triploid material suggests that a considerable mixing of host and graft cells may occur in duplications. Additionally, some digits of the graft sequence of digits can be derived from host tissue. The extra digit in those hands displaying a serial repetition was derived from host tissue in some cases and graft tissue in other cases.

Cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation in the diencephalon

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Manning ◽  
Clarence N. Peiss
Keyword(s):  
Pressor Response ◽  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Myocardial Contraction ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Optic Chiasma ◽  
Alpha Chloralose ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the diencephalon have been recorded in vagotomized cats under d-tubocurarine or alpha-chloralose anesthesia. These responses include vasoconstriction, augmentation of myocardial contraction and cardioacceleration. These types of response may occur as single phenomena, but more commonly the response consists of various combinations of the three phenomena. It has been demonstrated in many animals that the major component of a pressor response is often the result of increased force of myocardial contraction rather than vasoconstriction. The highly reactive area for eliciting these responses includes the lateral and posterior hypothalamus, and part of the subthalamus. The area is bounded rostrally by a plane through the posterior border of the optic chiasma, caudally by a plane through the anterior border of the red nucleus, dorsally by a plane through the ventral thalamic nuclei, and laterally by a plane 3–4 mm to each side of the mid-line.

Reproducibility of Anatomic Tibial Landmarks for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Hutchinson ◽  
Taran S. Bae
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tunnel ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Tibial Eminence ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
The Relationship

We evaluated the reproducibility of landmarks used for accurate anatomic placement of the tibial tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Landmarks evaluated were the medial tibial eminence, the posterior cruciate ligament, the “over-the-back” position, the true posterior border of the tibia, and the posterior border of the lateral meniscus. Forty-two pairs of cadaveric knees were dissected, and anatomic measurements were made regarding the anterior cruciate ligament insertion and these various landmarks. Statistical analysis was used to confirm reproducibility and significance. Measurements based on the medial tibial eminence and posterior border of the meniscus were particularly erratic. The most reproducible anatomic landmark was the posterior cruciate ligament. The anterior border of the posterior cruciate ligament was consistently 6.7 mm posterior to the posterior border of the anterior cruciate ligament and 10.9 mm posterior to the central sagittal insertion point of the anterior cruciate ligament. The over-the-back position was consistently in contact with the anterior border of the posterior cruciate ligament if the knee was flexed with a posterior-directed force applied. In this position, the over-the-back position was equally reproducible as compared with the posterior cruciate ligament. Measurements gauged from the true posterior border of the tibia gave a second rigid bony landmark but with a wider standard deviation than the posterior cruciate ligament-based landmarks. The relative anterior-posterior dimension of the tibia did not correlate with the relationship between the anterior cruciate ligament and other anatomic landmarks.

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