A Species of Tetrastichus New to North America

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 251-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Gelatin Capsule ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Parasite Complex

During studies of the parasite complex of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis Curt., at Ottawa, Ontario, July to October, 1952, and April, 1953, 1,234 host cocoons were collected from a heavily infested field of Penn State Ballhead cabbage. On October 31, eight adults (2 ♂ and 6 ♀) of Tetrastichus sokolowskii Kurdj., emerged from a single cocoon collected 16 days previously and held under laboratory conditions in a gelatin capsule. On May 10, nine adults (1 ♂ and 8 ♀) and on May 15, eight adults (1 ♂ and 7 ♀) of the same species emerged from two overwintered cocoons collected 14 and 16 days previously. In each case, the lack of parasitic remnants indicated that they were primary parasites.

scholarly journals Insecticide Resistance of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in North America

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shelton ◽  
J. A. Wyman ◽  
N. L. Cushing ◽  
K. Apfelbeck ◽  
T. J. Dennehy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Diamondback Moth

Inter-relationships of the Parasites of the Frit-fly, Oscinella frit (L.), in eastern North America

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
North America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Parasite Complex ◽  
Larval Parasites

Studies are reported on the extent and importance of competition amongst larval and pupal parasites of Oscinella frit.In Ontario, 30–40 per cent. of frit larvae are parasitised by Hexacola in July–August and superparasitism is thus likely. Subsequent attack by Polyscelis may occur, but probably unsuccessfully.Competition between the larval parasites and the pupal ecto-parasites Callitula and Spalangia is generally slight, because the former species is not abundant and the latter tends to select only healthy hosts.Experiments are described to test the inter-relations of the three pupal parasites by exposing puparia of Drosophila melanogaster to two species simultaneously and in sequence.When Callitula and Spalangia are allowed to oviposit simultaneously, the former is more successful when hosts are relatively few, but otherwise the two species are equally successful. When Callitula parasitises puparia recently exposed to Spalangia, equal numbers of the two parasites emerge, but in the reverse experiment Callitula is superior. Callitula is able to parasitise successfully a proportion of puparia already containing Spalangia whatever the age of the latter; mature Spalangia thus attacked are mostly killed.Similar comparisons of Callitula and Spalangia with the endoparasitic Loxotropa show that Loxotropa is inferior to both the others, but that all three show marked avoidance of multiple parasitism.In general, there is little interference between the various species in the parasite complex associated with the frit-fly.The parasite complex associated with the frit-fly appears to be one that is very well balanced, there being little interference between the various species involved. Moreover, when, for any reason, one species does not attain its accustomed degree of parasitism, this is offset by an increase in the numbers of one or more of the other species.

Phylogenetic placement and evidence for horizontal transfer of Wolbachia in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Batista ◽  
B. Andrew Keddie ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
Harriet L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Insect Parasitoid ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Diadegma Insulare

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a global pest of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae). It has developed resistance to virtually all known insecticides, and biological control has become an important management tool. In North America the parasitoid Diadegma insulare (Cresson) has been used successfully to reduce diamondback moth populations. We document the presence of the α-proteobacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia and its associated bacteriophage WO in P. xylostella and D. insulare and examine the phylogenetic relationships of Wolbachia and WO in both host species. Our results suggest that Wolbachia and WO have been horizontally transferred in this insect–parasitoid system in recent evolutionary history. Knowledge of the dynamics of Wolbachia in P. xylostella and D. insulare may be an important factor in future control of this pest in the field.

scholarly journals Locomotor response of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) populations to a neurotoxic insecticide under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Gomes da Silva Filho ◽  
Iuri Andrade de Melo ◽  
Mateus Felipe Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Felipe Prohmann Tschoeke ◽  
Cícero Luiz Franco Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Insecticide Concentration ◽  
Rest Time

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate changes in the locomotor activity of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) populations exposed to surfaces treated with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole under laboratory conditions. Diamondback moth populations from municipalities incorrectly using the insecticide [Camocim de São Félix, PE (CSF); Sairé, PE (SR); and Lajedo, PE (LJ)] and two laboratory populations from Recife, PE (RCF), and Viçosa, MG (VÇS) were exposed to dry insecticide residues in increasing concentrations. The following behavioral parameters of the populations were analyzed: walking time (WT), mean walking speed (MWS), and rest time (RT). Regarding RT, the SR and CSF populations demonstrated a behavior of irritability and increased WT with increased exposure concentration. The RCF population presented a contrasting response. The MWS values in the SR and CSF populations showed a decreasing trend with increased exposure concentration. The LJ and RCF populations showed no changes in terms of MWS. The RT values in the SR population decreased with increased insecticide concentration. In general, the SR and CSF populations presented a behavioral pattern different from that of laboratory populations. The changes in locomotor activity observed may result in lower control efficacy of the insecticide due to repellency or escape of insects. Regarding the effect of insecticide concentrations used in the populations, a defined pattern was not observed, and the effect alternated between an increase, a decrease, and an undefined pattern for the variables studied.

PARASITOIDS OF ENDEMIC AND EPIDEMIC POPULATIONS OF CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS FREEMAN AND CHORISTONEURA RETINIANA (WALSINGHAM) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN SOUTHERN OREGON

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis C. Schaupp ◽  
W. Jan A. Volney ◽  
William E. Waters
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Choristoneura Retiniana ◽  
Parasite Complex

AbstractParasitoid species attacking sparse, endemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) are reported from 2 years of host collections at seven sites across southern Oregon. Results are compared with rearings from epidemic populations either from the same region or the same plot. Collections were designed to allow quantitative estimation of host density. Most of the parasitoid species present during epidemics across North America were recovered from the endemic and epidemic populations studied. The major difference is that at endemic host densities Glypta fumiferanae (Viereck) (Ichneumonidae) is rare to absent, whereas ichneumonids of the tribe Campoplegini, especially Tranosema (= Diadegma) interruptum (Ashmead), are common. This is the reverse of the situation at epidemic densities and consistent with results reported from eastern North America. It is suggested that the observed shift in the parasite complex with budworm density has the potential for predicting population trends.

First Nearctic record of Diolcogaster claritibia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), with notes on taxonomic status and natural history

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Fernandez-Triana ◽  
Mark R. Shaw ◽  
Sophie Cardinal ◽  
Lloyd Dosdall ◽  
Peter Mason
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New World ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nearctic Region

AbstractThe Microgastrinae wasp Diolcogaster claritibia (Papp, 1959) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is recorded from the Nearctic region (Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario, Canada) for the first time. In spite of some minor morphological and molecular (DNA barcoding) differences, the available data indicate that the European and New World specimens should be considered one species, but more specimens and loci need to be sampled to conclusively determine the phylogeographic history of the species. Diolcogaster claritibia seems to be widely distributed within the Holarctic, and the molecular data suggest that it was recently introduced to North America from Europe.

Synchronous Occurrences of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its Parasitoid Wasp Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Greenhouses in a Satoyama Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Abe ◽  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Rorippa Indica ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Abstract We characterized the correlation between the occurrences of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), larvae and their dominant native parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday), in commercial greenhouses in a satoyama area, called Miyama, in Kyoto, Japan. In the three greenhouses used in this study, cruciferous ‘mizuna’ (Brassica rapa var. laciniifolia [Brassicales: Brassicaceae]) crops were grown. Pesticides against diamondback moth were not routinely applied in the greenhouses. We confirmed that populations of diamondback moth and C. vestalis were maintained on the wild crucifer plant Rorippa indica in the surrounding area from March to December. In the greenhouses, we observed several occurrences of diamondback moth larvae that were, in most cases, followed by occurrences of C. vestalis. We found that C. vestalis females were attracted by volatiles emitted from mizuna plants that were lightly infested with second-stadium diamondback moth larvae under laboratory conditions. The synchronous appearance of diamondback moth larvae and C. vestalis could be explained by the latter being attracted by the volatiles emitted from mizuna plants infested by diamondback moth larvae in the greenhouses.

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