Effect of Maleic Hydrazide and Other Plant Growth Regulators on the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Caged on Broad Bean, Vicia faba L

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In a preliminary report (Robinson, 1959) it was shown that the plant growth regulator maleic hydrazide (MH) caused both nymphal mortality and reduced fecundity to the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), caged on treated broad bean, Vicia faba L. It was also stated that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), applied by root absorption to broad bean had no effect on adult or nymphal mortality, or fecundity of adult A. pisum, at the rates used.

Note on Fecundity of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Caged on Plants of Broad Bean, Vicia faba L., Treated with Various Plant Growth Regulators

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Insect Populations

The effect on insect populations of the widespread use of plant growth regulators and herbicides is a neglected field. Fox (1948) reported on a relationship between the use of 2,4-D and wireworm damage to wheat. Putnam (1949) suggested that 2,4-D could be an environmental factor in the ecology of grasshoppers. A recent report (Maxwell and Harwood, 1958) indicates that even slight dosages of 2,4-D increase the rate of reproduction of pea aphids on broad beans. This note is a preliminary report on similar investigations with the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and broad bean, Vicia faba L.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AMITROLE, ZYTRON AND OTHER HERBICIDES OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS), CAGED ON BROAD BEAN, VICIA FABA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Thirty herbicides or plant growth regulators were tested against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on broad bean, Vicia faba L. When amitrole at 300, 200 and 100 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, fecundity of the adults was reduced and mortality of their progeny was 100, 100 and 93.9 per cent respectively. No significant effects on fecundity occurred when amitrole was applied to the leaves or as a contact spray on adult aphids. When Zytron at 3,000, 2,000 and 1,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, mortality of adults was 100, 100 and 95 per cent and of their progeny 100, 100 and 98.6 per cent respectively. When Zytron was applied to the leaves at 8,000, 4,000 and 2,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water there was a mortality of adults of 85, 70 and 50 per cent and of nymphs 75.1, 45.4 and 29.9 per cent. The lower mortality of nymphs occurred over a 5-day period, indicating that the initial toxic effects from application to the leaves were soon lost. Mortality of nymphs refers to young aphids born alive and killed by the toxic effects of amitrole or Zytron. Twenty-seven of the chemicals showed no effects on aphids caged on treated plants.

Two Enzyme Immunoassays to Screen for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Water

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Fleeker
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Concentration Step ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicides ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract Two solid-phase enzyme immunoassays were developed to measure 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), using 2 sets of structurally distinct immunogens and enzyme ligands. The 2,4-D analog, 2-methyl- 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), gave a similar response with both methods, whereas other phenoxy herbicides cross-reacted differently. In method A, the aromatic moiety of 2,4-D was distal from the carrier protein and labeled enzyme, whereas in method B, the acetic acid portion of the herbicide was distal. The use of both methods to screen for this herbicide in ground water and municipal and river water reduced the number of false-positive responses. Water sources having a low background response could be monitored with either method alone. When a concentration step, with disposable C18 extraction columns, was used, the limit of sensitivity was 5 ng/L,. Method A was the more sensitive of the 2 methods with a limit of detection of 10 j*g/L without the concentration step

EXPERIMENTS ON THE RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WEEDS TO AUXIN HERBICIDES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Sections of stems of Silene cucubalus, Galeopsis tetrahit, and Phaseolus vulgaris were cultured under sterile conditions in media containing inorganic salts, sucrose, agar, and the herbicides 2-methyl, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, or 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid. The herbicide which gave the most effective control of a species under field conditions was also the most active in inducing root formation and proliferation on stem sections of that species. The response of the sections to these auxin herbicides diminished as the plants from which the sections were taken became more mature. The amount of herbicide recovered from treated shoots of these species was not correlated with susceptibility. It is postulated that susceptibility to these materials depends upon (i) the affinity of the species for the molecular configuration of the herbicide and (ii) the relative amount and functional importance of the susceptible tissues at the time of treatment.

scholarly journals Changes in Leaf-Sugar Content and Enzyme Activity of Immature Sugarcane Following Foliar Application of Indole-3-Acetic Acid, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, and Maleic Hydrazide

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Indole-3-acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and maleic hydrazide were applied as foliar sprays to 10-week-old sugarcane plants during initial studies of the interrelationships of growth-regulating materials with the sugar-metabolizing enzymes of sugarcane. Leaf samples were harvested at 1, 3, 9, and 27 days following treatment for sugar and enzyme assays. Sugar analyses were run for total ketoses, sucrose, fructose, and total reducing sugars, with glucose being determined by calculation. A series of acid phosphatase assays were conducted using as substrates the following compounds: ß-glycerophosphate, adenosinetriphosphate, uridine diphosphate glucose, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6- phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, and 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Additional enzymes included invertase, amylase, hexokinase, phosphohexose isomerase, aldolase, triosephosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglyceryl kinase, condensing enzyme, isocitric acid dehydrogenase, transaminase, peroxidase, and glucose oxidase. All enzyme preparations consisted of dialyzed water-soluble protein extracted from freeze-dried leaf tissue and precipitated with ammonium sulfate between 35 and 95 percent of saturation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Hapten-Protein Conjugates: Antibody Generation and Immunoassay Development for Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Pesticides

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C Boro ◽  
K Vikas Singh ◽  
C Raman Suri
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Conjugation ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract The generation of specific and sensitive antibodies against small molecules is greatly dependent upon the characteristics of the hapten-protein conjugates. In this study, we report a new fluorescence-based method for the characterization of hapten-protein conjugates. The method is based on an effect promoted by hapten-protein conjugation density upon the fluorescence intensity of the intrinsic tryptophan chromophore molecules of the protein. The proposed methodology is applied to quantify the hapten-protein conjugation density for two different chlorophenoxyacetic acid pesticides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid (2,4-DB), coupled to carrier protein. Highly sensitive anti-2,4-D and anti-2,4-DB antibodies were obtained using these well-characterized hapten-protein conjugates. The generated antibodies were used in an immunoassay format demonstrating inhibitory concentration (IC50) values equal to 30 and 7 ng/mL for 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, respectively. Linearity was observed in the concentration range between 0.1500 ng/mL with LODs around 4 and 3 ng/mL for 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, respectively, in standard water samples. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the extent of hapten-protein conjugation to produce specific antibodies for immunoassay development against pesticides.

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