Evaluation of Mortality During the Cocoon Stage of the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
W. G. H. Ives

This is one of a series of papers on the development of life tables for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), by a research team at Winnipeg. Previous papers have described techniques for obtaining population estimates for eggs, cocoons, and adults (Ives, 1955; Ives and Turnock, 1959; Turnock, 1960), and current work is concerned with the development of methods of segregating and evaluating the mortality factors affecting each stage. This paper describes the methods used to evaluate the amount of mortality caused by individual factors in the cocoon stage and discusses the problems of obtaining accurate and unbiased estimates.

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. H. Ives ◽  
W. J. Turnock

This paper is one in a series on techniques used in estimating populations of various stages of the larch sawfly (Ives, 1955b; Ives and Prentice, 1958). This insect spends most of the year in cocoons in the soil beneath the host tree. The objective of accurate estimation of the cocoon population is to provide a basis for the evaluation of mortality factors affecting this stage. Two methods of estimation are considered in this paper. One is based on soil sampling (Part I) and the other on the number of cocoons formed in traps for falling larvae (Part 11).


1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Bazinet ◽  
M. K. Sears

AbstractMortality factors affecting populations of the leafminers Argyresthia thuiella (Pack.) and Pulicalvaria thujaella (Kft.), on eastern white cedar in the area of Guelph, Ontario were identified and summarized in life tables. During the two annual generations studied from 1975 to 1977, overwintering mortality varied widely. Winterkill increased from 6.8% to 62.9% for A. thuiella and from 8.1% to 54.6% for P. thujaella, from 1976 to 1977. Several parasitoids produced substantial mortality of each host species, but their effect may have been superseded by winterkill in 1977. Data indicate that both populations of leafminers increased from 1975 to 1976 but decreased substantially from 1976 to 1977.


1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Buckner

The relationship between the fate of cocoons of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), and distance from small-mammal tunnels was studied during 1958 in the Whiteshell Forest Reserve of eastern Manitoba. The objects were to determine the distance that small mammals can detect cocoons and to observe possible effects of the interactions of small-mammal predation and other natural mortality factors of the insect. Additional analyses of the data provided information on the behaviour of the predators and the ecology of the prey insect.


1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Buckner

Current investigations at the Forest Biology Laboratory, Winnipeg, are being directed towards the formulation of life tables for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) (Lejeune, 1955). Because small mammal predation is a major factor in reducing cocoon populations of the sawfly (Buckner, 1953), an adequate method of assessing this source of mortality is desirable


1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 160-161 ◽  
Author(s):  

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), has been studied in Manitoba for over 50 years, since the first outbreaks led to the introduction of the European parasite, Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley. This parasite was credited with reducing the severity of early outbreaks but when host populations again increased in the early 1940's, it was found that M. tenthredinis was ineffective due to the ability of host larvae to encapsulate parasite eggs. Intensive studies of individual mortality factors were initiated at the Winnipeg Laboratory as staff and facilities were expanded in the late 1940's. Development of the life-table concept of recording population data (Morris and Miller 1954) led to co-ordination of several projects until by 1955 a team of research officers was engaged in comprehensive studies of general ecological relationships, parasitism, vertebrate predation, and the effect of defoliation on host stands. Members of the team currently engaged in population dynamics studies and responsible for this exhibit are: Dr.C. H. Buckner, vertebrate predators; W. G. H. Ives, quantitative methods and natural control; L. D. Nairn, interrelations with host tree; Dr. W. J. Turnock, natural and biological control, bioclimatology. Other Winnipeg officers working on related larch sawfly projects are Dr. R. J. Heron, physiological studies, and J. A. Muldrew, biological control with particular reference to immunity to M. tenthredinis.


1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock

This paper is one in a series on techniques for estimating populations of various stages of the larch sawfly (Ives, 1055; Ives and Prentice, 1958; Ives and Turnock, 1959) to provide's basis for the evaluation of mortality factors. The larch sawfly overwinters in a cocoon in the soil and adults emerge during the spring and summer (Turnock, 1960). This paper describes the methods and results of sampling adults as they emerge from the soil.


1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 428-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. LeRoux ◽  
C. Reimer

In July, 1956, studies on mortality factors affecting abundance of immature stages of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), and the pistol casebearer, Coleophora serratella (L.), on apple were initiated in permanent orchard plots at Rougemont, Que. The object was to prepare life tables (Morris and Miller, 1954) for successive generations of each species through the rise and fall of a local epidemic. In preparing such tables, sound sampling techniques are necessary (Morris, 1955). This is a report on variation in samples, and in some mortality factors, of immature stages of the two species for the years 1956 to 1959, and on sampling recommendations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kıyasettin Asil ◽  
Bora Kalaycıoğlu ◽  
Kamran Mahmutyazıcıoğlu

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1340-1349
Author(s):  
Jaime A Collazo ◽  
Matthew J Krachey ◽  
Kenneth H Pollock ◽  
Francisco J Pérez-Aguilo ◽  
Jan P Zegarra ◽  
...  

AbstractEffective management of the threatened Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Puerto Rico requires reliable estimates of population size. Estimates are needed to assess population responses to management actions, and whether recovery objectives have been met. Aerial surveys have been conducted since 1976, but none adjusted for imperfect detection. We summarize surveys since 1976, report on current distribution, and provide population estimates after accounting for apparent detection probability for surveys between June 2010 and March 2014. Estimates in areas of high concentration (hotspots) averaged 317 ± 101, three times higher than unadjusted counts (104 ± 0.56). Adjusted estimates in three areas outside hotspots also differed markedly from counts (75 ± 9.89 versus 19.5 ± 3.5). Average minimum island-wide estimate was 386 ± 89, similar to the maximum estimate of 360 suggested in 2005, but fewer than the 700 recently suggested by the Puerto Rico Manatee Conservation Center. Manatees were more widespread than previously understood. Improving estimates, locally or island-wide, will require stratifying the island differently and greater knowledge about factors affecting detection probability. Sharing our protocol with partners in nearby islands (e.g., Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola), whose populations share genetic make-up, would contribute to enhanced regional conservation through better population estimates and tracking range expansion.El manejo efectivo del manatí antillano amenazado en Puerto Rico requiere estimados de tamaños de poblaciónes confiables. Dichas estimaciones poblacionales son necesarias para evaluar las respuestas a las acciones de manejo, y para determinar si los objetivos de recuperación han sido alcanzados. Se han realizado censos aéreos desde 1976, pero ninguno de ellos han sido ajustados para detecciones imperfectas. Aquí resumimos los censos desde 1976, actualizamos la distribución, y reportamos los primeros estimados poblacionales ajustados para la probabilidad de detección aparente en los censos de Junio 2010 a Marzo 2014. Las estimaciones poblacionales en áreas de mayor concentración del manatí promedió 317 ± 103, tres veces más abundante que los conteos sin ajuste (104 ± 0.56). Las estimaciones poblacionales en tres áreas fuera de las áreas de mayor concentración del manatí también fueron marcadamente diferentes (75 ± 9.89 vs 19.5 ± 3.5). El estimado mínimo poblacional en la isla entera fue de 386 ± 89, similar al estimado máximo de 360 sugerido en el año 2005, pero menor a los 700 sugeridos recientemente por el Centro de Conservación de Manatíes de Puerto Rico. Documentamos que el manatí tiene una distribución más amplia de lo que se sabía con anterioridad. El mejoramiento de los estimados poblacionales locales o a nivel de isla requerirá que se estratifique a la isla en forma diferente y que se investiguen los factores que influencian a la probabilidad de detección. Compartir protocolos como este con colaboradores de islas vecinas (por. ej., Cuba, Jamaica, Española), cuyas poblaciones de manatíes comparten material genético, contribuiría a la conservación regional mediante mejores estimaciones poblacionales y monitoreo de la expansión de su ámbito doméstico.


2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Sugihara ◽  
Hideo Yasunaga ◽  
Hiromasa Horiguchi ◽  
Tetsuya Fujimura ◽  
Hiroaki Nishimatsu ◽  
...  

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