Variation Between Samples of Immature Stages, and of Mortalities from Some Factors, of the Eye-Spotted Bud Moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), and the Pistol Casebearer, Coleophora serratella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), on Apple in Quebec

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 428-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. LeRoux ◽  
C. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Life Tables ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Sound Sampling

In July, 1956, studies on mortality factors affecting abundance of immature stages of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), and the pistol casebearer, Coleophora serratella (L.), on apple were initiated in permanent orchard plots at Rougemont, Que. The object was to prepare life tables (Morris and Miller, 1954) for successive generations of each species through the rise and fall of a local epidemic. In preparing such tables, sound sampling techniques are necessary (Morris, 1955). This is a report on variation in samples, and in some mortality factors, of immature stages of the two species for the years 1956 to 1959, and on sampling recommendations.

Design of a Sampling Plan for Studies on the Population Dynamics of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 820-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Successive Generations

In 1958, intensive studies on the population dynamics of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.), on cabbage were initiated in long-term study plots at Merivale, Ontario. The object was to construct ecological life tables (Morris and Miller, 1954) for successive generations of the insect, and, ultimately, to develop a mathematical model describing survival of field populations. This paper reports on the variation between samples of immature stages of the moth, and between some of the mortality factors affecting its abundance, and on the use of these data in designing a sampling plan with acceptable limits of precision.

Design of a Sampling Plan for Studies on the Population Dynamics of the Imported Cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 849-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Successive Generations

In 1958, intensive studies on the population dynamics of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), on cabbage were initiated in long-term study plots at Merivale, Ontario. The object was to construct ecological life tables for successive generations of the species, and ultimately, to develop mathematical models describing survival of field populations. This paper reports on the variation between samples of immature stages of the insect, and between some of the mortality factors affecting its abundance; it further illustrates the use of these data in designing a sampling plan with acceptable limits of precision.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE MORTALITY OF LEAFMINERS ARGYRESTHIA THUIELLA AND PULICALVARIA THUJAELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE AND GELECHIIDAE) ON EASTERN WHITE CEDAR, IN ONTARIO

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Bazinet ◽  
M. K. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Overwintering Mortality

AbstractMortality factors affecting populations of the leafminers Argyresthia thuiella (Pack.) and Pulicalvaria thujaella (Kft.), on eastern white cedar in the area of Guelph, Ontario were identified and summarized in life tables. During the two annual generations studied from 1975 to 1977, overwintering mortality varied widely. Winterkill increased from 6.8% to 62.9% for A. thuiella and from 8.1% to 54.6% for P. thujaella, from 1976 to 1977. Several parasitoids produced substantial mortality of each host species, but their effect may have been superseded by winterkill in 1977. Data indicate that both populations of leafminers increased from 1975 to 1976 but decreased substantially from 1976 to 1977.

Major Factors in Survival of the Immature Stages of Pieris rapae (L.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Major Factors

AbstractDetailed studies on the population dynamics of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), have been carried out at Merivale, Ontario, since 1959. A method for preparing life tables is described and a mean life table is presented for 18 generations of the species on cabbage. Population data for the preadult period show that there are three age intervals during which extensive mortality may occur: (1) between hatching and the second moult, (2) instars three to five, and (3) during the pupal stage. The analysis of successive age-interval survivals in relation to generation survival showed that the latter is largely determined by the survival rate for (2). Examination of the life tables revealed that a granulosis of the larvae caused by a capsule virus is the key factor in generation survival. Major mortality factors include rainfall and parasites.

Variation Between Samples of Immature Stages, and of Mortalities from Some Factors, of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on Sweet Corn in Quebec

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 867-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hudon ◽  
E. J. LeRoux
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Basic Studies

This is a report on a program to sample the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), with the object of obtaining reliable statistics for life tables (see e.g. Morris, 1955; LeRoux and Reimer, 1959).Basic studies on factors determining abundance of the European corn borer are few, some of the most notable having been carried out by Barber (1926), Huber et al. (1928), Thompson and Parker (1928), Stirrett (1938), Vance (1943), Baker et al. (1949), Bigger and Petty (1953), Everett et al. (1958) and Chiang and Hodson (1959). None of these studies was a thorough study of mortality factors in development of the European corn borer from endemic to epidemic levels. A number of specific factors known to be important in the epidemiology of this species have been investigated by Arbuthnot (1949), Neiswander (1952), Goleman (1954), Chiang and Holdaway (1955), and Chiang (1959), and the application of biometric techniques to the sampling of corn borer populations has been studied by Beard (1943), McGuire (1954), and Bankcroft and Brindley (1956). None of the latter authors have, however, investigated sampling techniques relating to the development of life tables for this species.

Evaluation of Mortality During the Cocoon Stage of the Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Turnock ◽  
W. G. H. Ives
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Unbiased Estimates

This is one of a series of papers on the development of life tables for the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), by a research team at Winnipeg. Previous papers have described techniques for obtaining population estimates for eggs, cocoons, and adults (Ives, 1955; Ives and Turnock, 1959; Turnock, 1960), and current work is concerned with the development of methods of segregating and evaluating the mortality factors affecting each stage. This paper describes the methods used to evaluate the amount of mortality caused by individual factors in the cocoon stage and discusses the problems of obtaining accurate and unbiased estimates.

scholarly journals Germination, Establishment, and Mortality of Naturally Seeded Southwestern Ponderosa Pine

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Stein ◽  
Diana N. Kimberling
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae

Abstract Information on the mortality factors affecting naturally seeded conifer seedlings is becoming increasingly important to forest managers for both economic and ecological reasons. Mortality factors affecting ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings immediately following natural germination and through the following year were monitored in Northern Arizona. The four major mortality factors in temporal order included the failure of roots to establish in the soil (27%), herbivory by lepidopteran larvae (28%), desiccation (30%), and winterkill (10%). These mortality factors were compared among seedlings germinating in three different overstory densities and an experimental water treatment. Seedlings that were experimentally watered experienced greater mortality than natural seedlings due to herbivory (40%), nearly as much mortality due to the failure of roots to establish in the soil (20%), less mortality due to winterkill (5%), and no mortality due to desiccation. The seedling mortality data through time were summarized using survivorship curves and life tables. Our results suggest that managers should consider using prescribed burns to decrease the percentage of seedlings that die from failure of their roots to reach mineral soil and from attack by lepidopteran larvae. West. J. Appl. For. 18(2):109–114.

scholarly journals Two methods of assessing the mortality factors affecting the larvae and pupae of Cameraria ohridella in the leaves of Aesculus hippocastanum in Switzerland and Bulgaria

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Girardoz ◽  
R. Tomov ◽  
R. Eschen ◽  
D.L.J. Quicke ◽  
M. Kenis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Factors Affecting

AbstractThe horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, is an invasive alien species defoliating horse-chestnut, a popular ornamental tree in Europe. This paper presents quantitative data on mortality factors affecting larvae and pupae of the leaf miner in Switzerland and Bulgaria, both in urban and forest environments. Two sampling methods were used and compared: a cohort method, consisting of the surveying of pre-selected mines throughout their development, and a grab sampling method, consisting of single sets of leaves collected and dissected at regular intervals. The total mortality per generation varied between 14 and 99%. Mortality was caused by a variety of factors, including parasitism, host feeding, predation by birds and arthropods, plant defence reaction, leaf senescence, intra-specific competition and inter-specific competition with a fungal disease. Significant interactions were found between mortality factors and sampling methods, countries, environments and generation. No mortality factor was dominant throughout the sites, generations and methods tested. Plant defence reactions constituted the main mortality factor for the first two larval stages, whereas predation by birds and arthropods and parasitism were more important in older larvae and pupae. Mortality caused by leaf senescence was often the dominant mortality factor in the last annual generation. The cohort method detected higher mortality rates than the grab sampling method. In particular, mortality by plant defence reaction and leaf senescence were better assessed using the cohort method, which is, therefore, recommended for life table studies on leaf miners.

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