Zachvatkinibates (Acari: Oribatida: Mycobatidae) of North America, with descriptions of sexually dimorphic species

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier ◽  
Barbara Eamer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North America ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Littoral Habitat ◽  
Dermal Glands ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe oribatid mite genus Zachvatkinibates, found in littoral, forest canopy, and forest litter habitats, includes some species showing distinct sexual dimorphism in the octotaxic system of dermal glands, and others lacking this dimorphism. Three new species in this genus are described on the basis of adults, each of which shows species-specific sexual dimorphism: Z. nortonisp. nov. and Z. schatzisp. nov. from beach debris in British Columbia, Canada, and Z. shaldybinaesp. nov. from the littoral in eastern and northeastern Canada. We discuss the association of sexual dimorphism with the littoral habitat of species in this genus and, more generally, the expression of sexually dimorphic porose areas in Ceratozetoidea. We revise the diagnosis for the genus Zachvatkinibates and present a revised key for adults of Zachvatkinibates species of North America north of Mexico.

The first sexually dimorphic species of Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) and a review of sexual dimorphism in the Brachypylina

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2332 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIE M. BEHAN-PELLETIER ◽  
BARBARA EAMER
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Dermal Glands ◽  
Posterior Pair ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Dimorphic Species ◽  
A New Species

The oribatid mite genus Oribatella includes over 100 named species, none of which shows distinct sexual dimorphism in the octotaxic system of dermal glands. We propose a new species of this genus, Oribatella canadensis sp, nov., collected from dry soil habitats in western Canada, that shows distinct dimorphism in these dermal glands, the first record of this dimorphism in the Oribatelloidea. The posterior pair of glands in males, but not females, is enlarged and associated with a shallow, medial pit-tubercle complex, and is generally similar to convergent dimorphisms in some genera of Mochlozetidae (Oripodoidea), Mycobatidae (Ceratozetoidea) and Galumnidae (Galumnoidea). We describe this species based on adult and nymphal stages, and expand the diagnosis of the genus to accommodate the newly described immatures. We review the expression of sexual dimorphism in brachypyline oribatid mites and discuss its association with periodically dry habitats.

REDEFINITION OF ZACHVATKINIBATES (ACARI: MYCOBATIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND IMMATURES OF Z. MARITIMUS SHALDYBINA 1973

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 797-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Systematic Relationship ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Mite Genus

AbstractThe oribatid mite genus Zachvatkinibates, found in both littoral and forest litter habitats in North America and the Soviet Union, is redefined. Its systematic relationship to other genera in the Mycobatidae is discussed. A new species, Z. tetrasklerosis, is proposed, and Z. maritimus Shaldybina, 1973, is redescribed. Immatures of both species are described; none was previously known for the genus. Sexual dimorphism is displayed in the notogastral porose areas of adults of Z. maritimus, but not of Z. tetrasklerosis.

CeratozetesandCeratozetoides(Acari: Oribatida: Ceratozetidae) of North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier ◽  
Barbara Eamer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Forest Habitats

AbstractThe oribatid mite genusCeratozetesBerlese is represented in America north of Mexico by 21 previously described species known from forest, grassland, subarctic and arctic soils and litter, and canopy habitats. The closely related genusCeratozetoidesShaldybina is represented in America north of Mexico only byC. cisalpinus(Berlese). Three new species ofCeratozetesfrom North America are described:C. biporosussp. nov.from forest habitats of southeastern North America,C. cyclopeasp. nov.from montane habitats in western North America, andC. pseudomediocrissp. nov.from forest habitats of western North America. A detailed revised diagnosis is given forCeratozetes,Ceratozetoides, all previously described species ofCeratozetes(C. angustus(Banks),C. borealisBehan-Pelletier,C. cuspidatusJacot,C. enodis(Ewing),C. fjellbergiBehan-Pelletier,C. gracilisMichael,C. kutchinBehan-Pelletier,C. longispinusJacot,C. mediocris(Berlese),C. oresbiosBehan-Pelletier,C. pacificusBehan-Pelletier,C. parvulusSellnick,C. spitsbergensisThor,C. subaquila(Ewing),C. subinconspicuus(Berlese),C. thienemanniWillmann,C. virginicus(Banks), andC. watertonensisBehan-Pelletier), andCeratozetoides cisalpinus.Ceratozetes figuratus(Ewing) andC. zeteki(Ewing) are considered junior subjective synonyms ofC. enodis(Ewing)syn. nov., andC. inupiaqBehan-Pelletier is transferred to Mycobatidae asCyrtozetes inupiaq(Behan-Pelletier)comb. nov. New distribution records are given forCeratozetoides cisalpinusandCeratozetes angustus,C. borealis,C. cuspidatus,C. gracilis,C. mediocris,C. longispinus,C. oresbios,C. pacificus,C. parvulus,C. thienemanni,C. virginicus, andC. watertonensis.A diagnostic key is provided to adults of theCeratozetesandCeratozetoidesspecies now known for America north of Mexico. An analysis of the systematic relationships of 23 of these species based on adult characters indicates thatCeratozetes, excludingCeratozetoides, is paraphyletic. The clade that includesCeratozetoides cisalpinusand 15 species ofCeratozetesincludes most species for which immatures are known. One sister clade includesCeratozetes cyclopea,C. enodis, andC. fjellbergiand another includesC. kutchin, C. parvulus, andC. thienemanni.The decision whether or not these 6 species should be retained inCeratozetessensu strictoawaits discovery of their immatures and molecular analysis.

A new species of Japanese oribatid mite, Zachvatkinibates erimo sp. nov., showing sexual dimorphism (Acariformes: Oribatida: Punctoribatidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4647 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
SATOSHI SHIMANO ◽  
JUN-ICHI AOKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Dimorphic Species ◽  
A New Species

A new species of oribatid mite, Zachvatkinibates erimo sp. nov., is described from a sandy beach in Hokkaido, North Japan. The new species exhibits a clear sexual dimorphism, showing enlarged areae porosae on the notogaster of the male. A key is provided to sexually dimorphic species of Zachvatkinibates. 

Three new species of the Hettangian (Early Jurassic) ammoniteSunrisitesfrom British Columbia, Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Longridge ◽  
P. L. Smith ◽  
J. Pálfy ◽  
H. W. Tipper
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North America ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Large Shell ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Most species of the middle and late Hettangian psiloceratid genusSunrisitesare endemic to the eastern Pacific, where they are common members of ammonoid assemblages. the Taseko Lakes map area in British Columbia yields diverse and well-preservedSunrisitesfaunas which are formally described here for the first time. Three new species are recognized,S. brimblecombei, S. chilcotinensis, andS. senililevis.the new species require an extension of the morphological range of the genus to include forms that become moderately involute at large shell diameters. Signs of sexual dimorphism are apparent within all three new species ofSunrisites.This work extends the stratigraphic range ofSunrisitesto include the latest Hettangian Rursicostatum Zone in North America. The distribution ofSunrisitessuggests that the Hispanic Corridor, which linked the western Tethyan Ocean and the eastern Pacific, may have been open during the Hettangian. Furthermore, occurrences of the genus constrain the Hettangian position of several allochthonous terranes to the northeastern Pacific.

scholarly journals Active pollination favours sexual dimorphism in floral scent

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1772) ◽  
pp. 20132280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Okamoto ◽  
Atsushi Kawakita ◽  
Ryutaro Goto ◽  
Glenn P. Svensson ◽  
Makoto Kato
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Female Flowers

Zoophilous flowers often transmit olfactory signals to attract pollinators. In plants with unisexual flowers, such signals are usually similar between the sexes because attraction of the same animal to both male and female flowers is essential for conspecific pollen transfer. Here, we present a remarkable example of sexual dimorphism in floral signal observed in reproductively highly specialized clades of the tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae). These plants are pollinated by species-specific, seed-parasitic Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae) that actively collect pollen from male flowers and pollinate the female flowers in which they oviposit; by doing so, they ensure seeds for their offspring. We found that Epicephala -pollinated Phyllanthaceae plants consistently exhibit major qualitative differences in scent between male and female flowers, often involving compounds derived from different biosynthetic pathways. In a choice test, mated female Epicephala moths preferred the scent of male flowers over that of female flowers, suggesting that male floral scent elicits pollen-collecting behaviour. Epicephala pollination evolved multiple times in Phyllantheae, at least thrice accompanied by transition from sexual monomorphism to dimorphism in floral scent. This is the first example in which sexually dimorphic floral scent has evolved to signal an alternative reward provided by each sex, provoking the pollinator's legitimate altruistic behaviour.

REDEFINITION OF MEGEREMAEUS (ACARI: MEGEREMAEIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES, AND NYMPHS OF M. MONTANUS HIGGINS AND WOOLLEY

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
Mite Genus

AbstractThe oribatid mite genus Megeremaeus is redefined, with the addition of information on leg chaetotaxy and immature instars. Three new species are described, Megeremaeus hylaius from northeastern North America, and M. keewatin and M. kootenai from northwestern North America. Descriptions of the former two species are based on adults and immatures, the latter species on adults only. Nymphs of M. montanus Higgins and Woolley are described. A key is given for the six known species in the genus.

scholarly journals High rates of evolution preceded shifts to sex-biased gene expression in Leucadendron, the most sexually dimorphic angiosperms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Scharmann ◽  
Anthony G Rebelo ◽  
John R Pannell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Expression Evolution ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe males and females of many dioecious plants differ in morphological (Dawson and Geber 1999; Barrett and Hough 2013; Tonnabel et al. 2017), physiological (Juvany and Munné-Bosch 2015), life-history (Delph 1999), and defence traits (Cornelissen and Stiling 2005). Ultimately, such sexual dimorphism must largely be due to differential gene expression between the sexes (Ellegren and Parsch 2007), but little is known about how sex-biased genes are recruited and how their expression evolves over time. We measured gene expression in leaves of males and females of ten species sampled across the South African Cape genus Leucadendron, which shows repeated changes in sexual dimorphism and includes the most extreme differences between males and females in flowering plants (Midgley 2010; Barrett and Hough 2013; Tonnabel et al. 2014). Even in the most dimorphic species in our sample, fewer than 2% of genes showed sex-biased gene expression (SBGE) in vegetative tissue, with surprisingly little correspondence between SBGE and vegetative dimorphism across species. The identity of sex-biased genes in Leucadendron was highly species-specific, with a rapid turnover among species. In animals, sex-biased genes often evolve more quickly than unbiased genes in their sequences and expression levels (Ranz et al. 2003; Khaitovich et al. 2005; Ellegren and Parsch 2007; Voolstra et al. 2007; Harrison et al. 2015; Naqvi et al. 2019), consistent with hypotheses invoking rapid evolution due to sexual selection. Our phylogenetic analysis in Leucadendron, however, clearly indicates that sex-biased genes are recruited from a class of genes with ancestrally rapid rates of expression evolution, perhaps due to low evolutionary or pleiotropic constraints. Nevertheless, we also find evidence for adaptive evolution of expression levels once sex bias evolves. Thus, although the expression of sex-biased genes is ultimately responsive to selection, high rates of expression evolution might usually predate the evolution of sex bias.

scholarly journals Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) with swollen first metatarsal segments suggesting sexual dimorphism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-jie Zhang ◽  
Peter J. M. Shih ◽  
Jun-you Wang ◽  
Maria E. McNamara ◽  
Chungkun Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Sexual dimorphism is widespread in insects. The certain specialized structures may be used as weapons in male–male combats or as ornaments to enhance mating opportunities. Results We report striking swollen first tarsal segments in two families, four genera and six species of scorpionflies from the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota of Northeastern China. Swollen tarsal segments are restricted to male specimens and to hind leg tarsi. The geometric morphometric analyses reveal that the degree of swelling within the orthophlebiid species possessing swollen first metatarsal segments is species-specific, which can be used as a diagnostic character for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Conclusions The new findings indicate that swollen first metatarsal segments are relatively common in the family Orthophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. The tarsal swellings are considered to be sexually dimorphic, potentially associated with sexually display by males and/or camouflage of a “nuptial gift” in the mating process.

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