Lethal time of insecticides on the predator mite Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) following topical exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Z. Raja Jamil ◽  
Christine Vandervoort ◽  
Larry J. Gut ◽  
Mark E. Whalon ◽  
John C. Wise
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Spray Tower ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Integrated Mite Management ◽  
Predator Mite ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Toxicity Effects

AbstractNeoseiulus fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an efficient predator of the European red mite (ERM) (Panonychus ulmi (Koch); Acari: Tetranychidae) in Michigan, United States of America apple orchards and an important part of integrated pest management. Four reduced-risk insecticides (acetamiprid, spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, and novaluron) and two conventional insecticides (esfenvalerate and carbaryl) were tested against N. fallacis for topical toxicity effects. Bioassays using a Potter spray tower were conducted to measure the topical toxicity of compounds when applied at field rate concentrations to N. fallacis. Lethal time was measured for adult N. fallacis at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after treatment. Carbaryl and esfenvalerate showed the highest levels of toxicity to adult N. fallacis with shortest lethal time values (LT50) whereas the reduced risk insecticides novaluron, acetamiprid, spinetoram, and chlorantraniliprole were nontoxic. This study provides important information to apple growers regarding direct lethal effect of insecticides on predator mites and its implications to integrated mite management.

Residual Toxicity of Insecticides to Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Apples

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2262-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil ◽  
Christine Vandervoort ◽  
John C Wise
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Apple Production

Abstract Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) is a predatory mite that is common in apple orchards and distributed throughout North America. However, N. fallacis may be susceptible to pesticides used for the management of crop pests. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal effects of commonly used insecticides on N. fallacis survival. Neoseiulus fallacis adults were exposed to field-aged residues, and mortality and lethal time were measured over 96 h of exposure. Carbaryl caused high mortality to N. fallacis and the shortest lethal time values (LT50), followed by spinetoram, with moderate lethal time values. Esfenvalerate, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, and novaluron showed little to no lethality to N. fallacis following exposure to dry field-aged residues. The results of this study provide important field-relevant knowledge that is often void from laboratory-based studies, which can aid integrated pest management (IPM) decision-makers in apple production systems.

Development, Oviposition, and Mortality of Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Response to Reduced-Risk Insecticides

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2114-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul T. Villanueva ◽  
James F. Walgenbach
Keyword(s):  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Reduced Risk

Development, Oviposition, and Mortality of Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Response to Reduced-Risk Insecticides

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2114-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul T. Villanueva ◽  
James F. Walgenbach
Keyword(s):  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Reduced Risk

COMPETITIVE DISPLACEMENT OF PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) BY ACULUS SCHLECHTENDALI (ACARINA: ERIOPHYIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Croft ◽  
S. A. Hoying
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Competitive Displacement ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Integrated Mite Management ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractEvidence for competitive deplacement of Panonychus ulmi (ERM) from apple trees via Aculus schlechtendali (ARM) by what is thought to be a foliage conditioning mechanism is presented. Previous feeding of ARMs at high and moderate density levels near or below the economic threshold for this phytophagous mite on apple reduced the build-up of the ERM in 3 years of field experiments on Red Delicious trees and during a single season on McIntosh apple foliage. Comparative tests measuring oviposition rates of the ERM on excised apple leaves which had sustained high and low levels of previous rust mite feeding gave results similar to field experiments. The applied aspect of how this interspecific relationship can be managed in the context of an integrated mite management program for apples is discussed.

scholarly journals Lethal Effect of Total Dissolved Gas-Supersaturated Water with Suspended Sediment on River Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Cuixia Feng ◽  
Chenghua Fu ◽  
Quan Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Total Dissolved Gas ◽  
Gas Bubble Disease ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Fish Survival ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors

Abstract High total dissolved gas (TDG) levels and excessive suspended sediment (SS) concentrations pose serious threats to fish survival during flood season. However, little information is available on the effects of TDG supersaturation with varying SS concentrations on fish. In this study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the effects of TDG supersaturation with varying SS concentrations on five-month-old river sturgeons (Acipenser dabryanus). The test fish were exposed to combinations of SS concentrations (0, 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/L) and TDG levels (125, 130, 135 and 140%), and their mortality and median lethal time (LT50) were quantified. The fish showed abnormal behaviors (e.g., quick breathing, fast swimming and an agitated escape response) and symptoms of gas bubble disease (GBD). SS increased the mortality of river sturgeon exposed to TDG supersaturation. Furthermore, the LT50 values at 125% TDG were 4.47, 3.11, 3.07 and 2.68 h for the different SS concentrations (0, 200, 600 and 1,000 mg/L, respectively), representing a significant decrease in LT50 with increasing SS. However, at higher TDG levels (130–140%), there was no significant increase in LT50 with increasing SS. Therefore, river sturgeon showed weak tolerance of TDG-supersaturated water with SS.

Hedgerow barriers and other reduced-risk controls for managing Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apples

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Garcia-Salazar ◽  
Larry J. Gut ◽  
Mark E. Whalon
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractManagement of Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), in apple using an ‘Enhanced Integrated Pest Management (IPM)’ program comprised of a hedgerow barrier, pheromone-based mating disruption and reduced-risk [non-organophosphorous (OP) or carbamate] insecticides was investigated over a 5-year period. The barrier was comprised of a planting of three rows of hybrid poplar, Populus deltoides Bartr.×Populus nigra L., one row of Italian alder, Alnus cordata L. (nectar reward), and one row of white pine, Pinus strobus L. The hedgerow completely surrounded the perimeter of the apple orchard and was treated with garlic and a low rate of pyrethroid insecticide in 4 of the 5 years. The Enhanced IPM program significantly reduced G. molesta populations as measured by moth captures in pheromone traps. Captures of G. molesta were significantly higher in apple orchards treated with OP and carbamate insecticides, ‘Conventional IPM’, and either not surrounded by the hedgerow or with the barrier present but not treated with the repellent compounds. To explain these differences in G. molesta control, and the potential non-lethal effect of hedgerow barriers on G. molesta orchard colonization, we studied the adult vertical movement in a traditional unsprayed standard apple orchard at three different heights: 0.95, 1.95 and 3.20 m, respectively. In the overwintering generation at a height of 0.95 and 1.95 m, the mean number of moths captured per sampling period was 14.64 and 14.84, respectively, and only 2.95 at 3.20 m. However, the number of individuals captured in the second and third generations was not significantly different at the three different heights. Fruit damage evaluated before ‘June drop’ closely corresponded to the distribution of moths captured during the overwintering generation. Fruit damage at a height of 1.95 and 3.20 m was 5.8 and 3.5%, respectively. These results indicated that G. molesta is a weak flyer and that hedgerow barriers exerted some influence in the colonization of the orchard by limiting the free movement of adults from the overwintering generation. Thus, hedgerow barriers seem to limit early migration and establishment of G. molesta in the orchard. This in turn may reduce the size of the following generations and makes subsequent control easier under the Enhanced IPM program.

History of the United States of America (1801–1817)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Adams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

A Year's Residence in the United States of America

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Cobbett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States

Understanding Terminal Decline in Cognition and Risk of Death

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt ◽  
Mary Lunn ◽  
Danny Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Reduced Risk

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

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