Residual Toxicity of Insecticides to Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Apples

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2262-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil ◽  
Christine Vandervoort ◽  
John C Wise
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Apple Production

Abstract Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) is a predatory mite that is common in apple orchards and distributed throughout North America. However, N. fallacis may be susceptible to pesticides used for the management of crop pests. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal effects of commonly used insecticides on N. fallacis survival. Neoseiulus fallacis adults were exposed to field-aged residues, and mortality and lethal time were measured over 96 h of exposure. Carbaryl caused high mortality to N. fallacis and the shortest lethal time values (LT50), followed by spinetoram, with moderate lethal time values. Esfenvalerate, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, and novaluron showed little to no lethality to N. fallacis following exposure to dry field-aged residues. The results of this study provide important field-relevant knowledge that is often void from laboratory-based studies, which can aid integrated pest management (IPM) decision-makers in apple production systems.

Invasive Cereal Aphids of North America: Ecology and Pest Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Brewer ◽  
Frank B. Peairs ◽  
Norman C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Aphid invasions of North American cereal crops generally have started with colonization of a new region or crop, followed by range expansion and outbreaks that vary in frequency and scale owing to geographically variable influences. To improve understanding of this process and management, we compare the invasion ecology of and management response to three cereal aphids: sugarcane aphid, Russian wheat aphid, and greenbug. The region exploited is determined primarily by climate and host plant availability. Once an area is permanently or annually colonized, outbreak intensity is also affected by natural enemies and managed inputs, such as aphid-resistant cultivars and insecticides. Over time, increases in natural enemy abundance and diversity, improved compatibility among management tactics, and limited threshold-based insecticide use have likely increased resilience of aphid regulation. Application of pest management foundational practices followed by a focus on compatible strategies are relevant worldwide. Area-wide pest management is most appropriate to large-scale cereal production systems, as exemplified in the Great Plains of North America.

scholarly journals Predatory mite fauna associated with agri-horticultural crops and weeds from the Gangetic Plains ofWest Begal, India*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISHNA KARMAKAR ◽  
SALIL K. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Prey Population ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Neoseiulus Longispinosus ◽  
Amblyseius Largoensis ◽  
Period Of Occurrence ◽  
Cheletogenes Ornatus

Astudy was conducted in 2008–2009 to explore the predatory mite fauna from different agri-horticultural crops and weeds in the Gangetic plains ofWest Bengal. A total of 31 species belonging to nine genera, seven families and two orders were identified; they are listed along with their prey, period of occurrence and the plant habitats in which they were recorded. The most frequently collected specieswere the phytoseiids Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) and Neoseiulus longispinosus (Evans), the stigmaeids Agistemus spp. and the anystidWalzia indiana Smith-Meyer&Ueckermann.Given the frequencywithwhich these mites were found, they can be considered potentially useful in suppressing the associated prey mites. The phytoseiids Paraphytoseius multidentatus Swirski & Schechter, Euseius ovalis (Evans), Euseius coccineae (Gupta), Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) and the cheyletid Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini&Fanzago) were less frequently found and less abundant, implying that their impact on prey population is less important. The remaining species were rare.

scholarly journals A volatile compound 2undecanone increases walking but not flying tomato potato psyllid movement toward an odour source

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
N.M. Taylor ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
C.E. Sansom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
Important Pest

Bactericera cockerelli (tomato potato psyllid; TPP) is an important pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand and North America A volatile compound that alters the behaviour of TPP could be developed into a component of an integrated pest management strategy for solanaceous crops One compound 2undecanone was found to increase the percentages of female and male TPP (65 P

scholarly journals Special Issue: Integrated Pest Management in Arable and Open Field Horticultural Crops

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Invertebrate Pests

Invertebrate pest control within both agricultural and horticultural production systems continues to present many challenges. Over the past decades the commonly used method for pest control has been the direct application of chemical products. However, in response to environmental, economic, and other problems associated with the over-reliance on chemical insecticides there has been an increasing drive towards the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches. Many IPM strategies are now well developed under protected environments. However, within the open field in many situations targeted success is yet to be achieved. This special issue will seek to showcase original articles and reviews by leading research entomologists and associated experts. Articles presented will focus on the development and implementation of IPM strategies against various major arable and horticultural invertebrate pests (both indigenous and invasive species).

scholarly journals Raw milk producers with high levels of hygiene and safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Berge ◽  
T. Baars
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Local Agriculture ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
High Level

Abstract There is world-wide increasing interest in the consumption of unprocessed, natural food commodities including fresh (unpasteurised) milk and milk products. Consumers are actively seeking out raw milk, partly due to health reasons, but also for taste, freshness, closeness to the producer and to support local agriculture. The need for high levels of hygiene and safety in farms producing raw milk for direct consumption has long been recognised and has led to federal and industry-initiated systems for safe raw milk production. Raw milk producers in North America and Europe have demonstrated that raw milk, intended for direct consumption, can be produced safe and hygienic. The aim of this paper is to describe practices that have been developed for safe raw milk production. The German Vorzugsmilch is a federally regulated programme for legal raw milk production that was established already in the 1930s to provide raw milk with high hygienic standards controlled for zoonotic diseases to consumers. The Raw Milk Institute is a non-profit organisation established in California that has developed a voluntary safe raw milk programme in North America. RAWMI has developed a risk analysis and management system for raw milk dairy farmers to assist farmers in making individually tailored solutions for various production systems. In British Colombia, Canada, small herd share farms have employed good manufacturing practices, a risk management approach and performed monthly samples for pathogens and indicator bacteria to demonstrate safety and consistency. The major components of the raw milk systems applied, and the results of regular milk microbial indicator bacteria are presented. For the German system, the results from standard monthly pathogen tests are compared to zoonotic pathogen tests from other milk sources. The overall results indicate that raw milk can be produced with a high level of hygiene and safety in various systems.

Potato agronomy in a changing industry

1972 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Scott ◽  
A. Younger
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
The World

The extension of potato culture from Peru to North America, Europe and the rest of the world has been accompanied by the development of a variety of production systems. With the intensification of potato production in many countries, the available genetic resources of the plant are being severely stretched. This may be why experimental departures from standard husbandry do not always give the advantages expected. Potato agronomy, nevertheless, is in the throes of change.

Sustainability of three apple production systems

Nature ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 410 (6831) ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Reganold ◽  
Jerry D. Glover ◽  
Preston K. Andrews ◽  
Herbert R. Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Apple Production

Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Odell Butler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Small World ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Program Staff ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Program Evaluations ◽  
Important Field

Evaluation anthropology is an organic synthesis of evaluation and anthropology in which each reinforces the other. Anthropology contributes the theory of culture as a primary mode of human adaptation, ethnography, and a methodology that is sensitive to the context embeddedness of human activity. The evaluation side adds the rigorous science needed to evaluations to be credible to decision makers. These include analyses and conclusions in evidence that can be linked to evidence and to develop a rationale that permits evaluation users to reconstruct the arguments underlying conclusions. Program evaluations are concerned with the value of human interventions in achieving important social goals. They form the evidence base for maintaining, changing, or eliminating programs, decisions that affect communities, careers, finances, and the welfare of both staff and clients. There are special ethical concerns in evaluations because of the risk to program staff providing value information about their agencies and programs. Confidentiality is critical because programs are a “small world” in which opinions and speech mannerisms can permit identification by those who work in the same or similar programs. Thus, evaluators must be cautious about the use of quotes, position descriptions, and attributions to avoid professional damage to program staff and clients. Program evaluation has become an important field for practicing anthropologists. Anthropologists who wish to do evaluations should network with other anthropologists doing evaluations as well as organizations that employ evaluators, read and attend seminars on evaluation theories and methods, and consider adding skills such as network analysis, economics, and decision theory that will add to their value as members of evaluation teams.

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