Development of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pupae exposed to entomopathogenic fungi

AbstractPalmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle, Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff), and Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian and Margabandhu (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) are promising candidates for the control of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Clavicipitaceae) also can be used to control sugarcane borers plus leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in sugarcane. This observation motivated us to investigate whether entomopathogenic fungi can affect biological aspects of these parasitoids. Diatraea saccharalis pupae (24 hours in age) were exposed to parasitism by three females of each eulophid species for 72 hours and then placed in small tubes. A contact surface treated with 1 mL of fungal suspension was placed inside each tube with the parasitised pupae at concentrations of 1×109, 5×109, or 10×109 conidia mL−1 of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. Exposure to fungi reduced emergence of adult P. elaeisis, but not of T. howardi and T. diatraeae. Life cycle duration, progeny, and sex ratio of P. elaeisis were not affected by exposure. Exposure was associated with decreased longevity for both sexes of T. howardi and in males of P. elaeisis, but not at levels expected to affect their performance as biocontrol agents. In general, the exposure of eulophid species developing in pupae of D. saccharalis exposed to entomopathogenic fungi, did not compromise the biological aspects of these parasitoids.

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Eggs fertility and biological aspects of the life cycle in natural populations of Simulium (Diptera, Simuliidae)

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132006000600014 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 799-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fabiane Petry ◽

Ana Leuch Lozovei ◽

Samira Chahad-Ehlers

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Fertility Rate ◽

Developmental Cycle ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Natural Breeding ◽

Average Fertility ◽

Life Cycle Duration

Eggs fertility rate and some biological aspects of the immature forms were studied on six Simulium species from ovipositions collected in natural breeding places located in rural area. The fertility was considerably high. For a total of 213 ovipositions containing 74,906 eggs, the average fertility rate was 99.13% with variation from 94 to 100%. The developmental cycle of the immature forms was observed from egg eclosion to adult emergence under temperature from 16.5 to 28ºC. In S. orbitale the life cycle duration was 30 to 32 days, for S. perflavum 32 to 35 days, for S. subnigrum 33 to 39 days, for S. inaequale 41 to 47 days, for S. pertinax 42 to 48 days, and finally, the longest duration was observed for S. distinctum to range 48 to 49 days.

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On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00428-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Shehzad ◽

Muhammad Tariq ◽

Tariq Mukhtar ◽

Asim Gulzar

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Offspring Sex Ratio ◽

Development Of Resistance

Abstract Background The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a noxious pest of cruciferous crops all over the world causing serious economic damage. Management of insect pest generally depends on chemical control; however, due to development of resistance against all types of insecticides, alternative approaches especially utilization of a microbial agent is inevitable. Results Potential of 2 entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella by adopting leaf dip and direct spraying methods under laboratory conditions. Significant mortality rate was achieved by each fungus under adopted methodologies. However, B. bassiana was found to be more effective in both conditions than M. anisopliae. Highest mean corrected mortality (77.80%) was recorded, when spores of B. bassiana were sprayed on the 2nd instar larvae (LC50=1.78×104/ml) after the 6th day of treatment. Similarly, incase of M. anisopliae LC50 for the 2nd instar at the same methodology was 2.78×104/ml with a mortality percentage of 70.0%. Offspring sex ratio was non-significantly related to treatment concentration and methodology, except for the control. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae had potential to suppress P. xylostella infestations when applied appropriately. Present findings suggested that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae when sprayed on immatures of host insect had more effect as compared to leaf dip procedure. Furthermore, no significant effect of concentrations was observed on sex ratio.

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EFFECT OF SEASONAL TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS ON THE LIFE CYCLE DURATION OF FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT CALLIPHORIDAE FLY CHRYSOMYA INDIANA (ABD ALGALIL & ZAMBARE 2016)

International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences ◽

10.31032/ijbpas/2018/7.5.4436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

Temperature Variations ◽

Life Cycle Duration

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Developmental stages of a mottled emigrant butterfly, catopsilia pyranthe

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8961 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 171-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MH Arju ◽

MA Bashar ◽

G Moula

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Key Words ◽

Laboratory Condition ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Average Duration ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Life Cycle Duration

The overall life cycle, duration and survival rate of different developmental stages (egg, larva and pupa) of Catopsilia pyranthe conducted at 27 ± 3°C and RH 75% ± 2. showed that within 6.4 days 68% eggs hatched. The average duration from egg to adult, larval stage and pupal were 23.87, 10.93 and 6.8 days, respectively. Fifty six out of 68 larvae successfully completed their whole 5 instars. There were positive correlation among the larval instars, amount of food consumption and excretion of faeces. About 52% pupa were emerged as adult at laboratory condition. Key words: Life cycle; Catopsilia pyranthe; Developmental stages; Rearing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8961 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 171-179

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Analysis of Variability of Morphologic Characteristics with Alternative Variation in Imago of Taiga Tick in the Territory of the Irkutsk Region

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections ◽

10.21055/0370-1069-2009-1(99)-28-30 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 28-30

Author(s):

A. Ya. Nikitin ◽

Yu. A. Kozlova ◽

T. S. Panova

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Taiga Tick ◽

Morphologic Characteristics ◽

Irkutsk Region ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Selection Of ◽

Life Cycle Duration

Investigation of the spatial-temporal variability of characteristics with alternative variation in females of taiga tick from three district of the Irkutsk Region showed all samplings to be phenotypically heterogenous. Based on these results estimated was L.A.Zhivotovsky criterion of identity between separate imago collections. Similarity index for geographically remote populations was about 0.9. This index was higher in intrapopulational groups collected from one territory in different seasons. The elucidated variability creates the basis for selection of morphologic tags of vector transmitting capacity and ticks life cycle duration and other questions of their biology investigation which includes usage of collection materials accumulated previously.

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Relationships between the duration of phases in the pre-anthesis life cycle of spring barley

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9820917 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 917 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M Appleyard ◽

EJM Kirby ◽

G Fellowes

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Ear Development ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Length Of Life ◽

Competition For Resources ◽

Life Cycle Duration

Ear development and ear growth were studied in the progeny of two crosses between a six-row and two two-row spring barley varieties. There were no differences in the rates of primordium initiation amongst the progenies and parents. Duration of ear initiation and ear growth varied amongst the genotypes, and there was a strong negative correlation between the duration of these phases. Duration of ear initiation was correlated with number of leaves, as was the length of life cycle from sowing to anthesis. Survival of spikelets was related to the number of spikelet primordia initiated. However, the proportion of spikelet primordia that survived to form grains was less in ears with most spikelet primordia. This may be due to competition for resources in the ear. It is suggested that optimal ear size and life-cycle duration may be achieved by breeding for appropriate durations of the component phases of the life cycle.

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Liquid production of entomopathogenic fungi and ultraviolet radiation and temperature effects on produced propagules

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657001352012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 342-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emma Luize Ottati-de-Lima ◽

Antonio Batista Filho ◽

José Eduardo Marcondes de Almeida ◽

Mariana Hollanda Gassen ◽

Inajá Marchizeli Wenzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Temperature Effects ◽

Liquid Culture ◽

Culture Media ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Fungal Suspension

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the liquid culture media for the production of Metarhizium anisopliae (IBCB 425) and Beauveria bassiana (IBCB 66), as well as the tolerance of these seedlings to the ultraviolet action and to the temperature. Twelve treatments composed of combinations between carbon and nitrogen concentrations were assessed. In order to determine the effect of ultraviolet radiation, plates with blastos-pores were exposed to it for 25 and 50 seconds. To determine the temperature efect, blastospores from culture media were exposed to 20, 25, 30 and 35°. For the virulence experiments, caterpillars of Diatraea saccharalis were sprayed with 2 mL of fungal suspension with the aid of a Potter tower. Te best media for M. anisopliae are 16.00 g (carbon) + 7.00 g (nitrogen) and 14.40 g (carbon) + 7.00 g (nitrogen), whereas for B. bassiana: 20.00 g (carbon) + 6.30 g (nitrogen) and 20.00 g (carbon) + 7.00 g (nitrogen). Te longer the exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the smaller the number of colonies. At 35°, there is a significant decrease in the formation of colonies. Te produced seedlings of fungi are pathogenic to D. saccharalis.

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Sagitta friderici Ritter-Záhony (Chaetognatha) from South Atlantic waters: abundance, population structure, and life cycle

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.03.006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 680-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M.C Daponte ◽

F.L Capitanio ◽

D.E Nahabedian ◽

M.D Viñas ◽

R.M Negri

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Size Structure ◽

Warm Season ◽

Extended Period ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Data Set ◽

Mature Adults ◽

Mean Size ◽

Life Cycle Duration

Abstract The life cycle of Sagitta friderici, a neritic species from Pacific, Atlantic, and Mediterranean waters, has been poorly studied. Aiming at increasing our knowledge of this species in the Argentine Sea, the size structure, dry weight, distribution of maturity stages (ovarian, testicular, and seminal vesicles development), and life-cycle duration were studied from samples obtained at a permanent station (EPEA STATION, 38°28′S 57°41′W) from 9 March 2000 to 10 April 2001. The almost permanent presence of juveniles and the extended period during which mature adults (stage III) were detected suggest that reproduction occurs continuously with two main peaks, the main one in the summer (December–February) and a lesser one in the fall (April–May). Significant (p<0.05) inverse correlations between water temperature and the mean size of stages 0 (juveniles), I, and II were found in this data set. Owing to the influence of temperature, those individuals that develop during the warm season and mature in the fall attain smaller sizes (7.6–12.4 mm) than those that develop during the coldest period of the year and mature in the spring (10.0–15.2 mm). The life-cycle duration is approximately 15 months, and the growth rate ca. 0.03 mm d−1. The weight increase as a function of individual size was similar in the fall and in the spring (Fisher Test, p>0.05).

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