MANAGEMENT OF WOLF POPULATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH PRIARALIE

The article discusses the basic principles of wolf management in the conditions of the Southern Priraralie. The management of wolf populations has its own characteristics. It is very important to know the spatial territorial structure of family-flocking areas. In addition, to have information about the number of indigenous areas occupied by him, the average fertility, mortality and the age structure of his populations. KEYWORDS: regulation, management, poaching, fertility, radio tracking, convention.

Evaluasi fertilitas, daya tetas, dan kualitas DOD dari itik Alabimaster, Mojomaster, dan Mojomaster x Alabimaster

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The evaluating of the fertility, hatchability, and DOD quality of the ducks selected by the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (Balitnak) consisting of Alabimaster, Mojomaster, and Mojomaster x Alabimaster (MASTER) ducks.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The research was conducted at the Ducks Cage Complex, Balitnak. Using 9,388 Alabimaster duck eggs, 1,635 Mojomaster duck eggs, and 7,638 Mojomaster x Alabimaster (MASTER) duck eggs. The variables observed included fertility, hatchability, and DOD quality. The DOD criteria chosen were healthy, agile, not blind, not disabled, not weak, not wet, and not omphalitis. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used and the calculation of the average data for all variables was processed with the help of the SPSS 25.0 program. If there is a difference in value, then the test is carried out with the Duncan Multiple Range Test.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The fertility percentage of Alabimaster, Mojomaster, and MASTER ducks did not show any difference (P&gt;0.05) but seen from the relatively high percentage value because it gave a figure of 94%. The percentage of hatchability was significantly different (P&lt;0.05) for the three ducks. The percentage of DOD that passed the selection, MASTER ducks gave a higher value than the other two ducks. The ratio of male and female cubs for the three ducks showed that there were more male than female cubs, but still within the normal range.<strong></strong></p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The average fertility, hatchability, and DOD selected from the hatching eggs of Alabimaster, Mojomaster, and MASTER ducks resulted from the research being quite good.

Influence of environmental factors onto reproductive characteristics of Daphnia galeata from Lake Baikal

The influence of various factors onto the reproductive characteristics of the cladoceran Daphnia galeata Sars, 1863 Lake Baikal was studied. With an increase in the concentration of available feed, the size of the body, average fertility, the size of the brood and the proportion of egg-bearing females increase. At high temperatures, significantly greater fecundity and the proportion of egg-bearing females were noted; other features did not change significantly with temperature increase. Under the conditions of strong turbulence, the fertility and the proportion of egg-bearing females are lower than under the conditions of low turbulence. The presence of a predator with an increase in the concentration of feed and temperature results in the decrease in the size of crustaceans and in the increase of the proportion of egg-bearing females.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE REPRODUCTIVE QUALITY OF PIGS UNDER CONDITIONS OF LLC "BASHKIR MEAT COMPANY"

The article provides material on determining the influence of some technological factors and the genotype of pigs in the main herd on the reproductive qualities of sows. Analysis of the breeding campaign in IC 2 "Mirny" LLC "Bashkir Meat Company" for 2017-2019. showed that the number of cases during the analyzed period increased by 1.6%, incl. for the main queens - by 10.3%, and for the checked ones, on the contrary, decreased by 21.3%. In general, analyzing the productivity of the broodstock of SK 2 "Mirny" LLC "Bashkir Meat Company", it can be noted that in 2019 12256 farrows were received, of which 79.7% - from the main queens and 20.3% - from the checked sows. The average fertility of queens for the breeds raised was 15.0 heads, incl. in the main queens - 15.4 heads, in the tested queens - 13.4 heads. The greatest multiple (16.1 heads) was revealed in purebred breeding of the Yorkshire breed. The average large-sized piglets in the complex is 1.38 kg, the survival rate for weaning is 93.1%, and the yield of business piglets is 13.6 heads. It has been established that the reproductive qualities of sows are relatively stable throughout the year, which is associated with the maintenance of an optimal microclimate in the livestock premises of the pig complex. When receiving marketable fattening young stock, preference should be given to parental genotypes YxJ, YxL.

Why the Standard TFR gives a Misleading Impression of the Fertility of Foreign Women: Insights from Switzerland

Since 1971 the Swiss Federal Statistical Office has published annual fertility data split by nationality (Swiss/foreign). These indicate that the TFR for women of foreign nationality has been 0.5 children higher than for Swiss women for most of the period since 1991. However, statistics from household registration (STATPOP) and the Families and Generations Surveys (FGS) in 2013 and 2018 indicate that foreign women, approaching the end of their reproductive lives, have slightly smaller families than women of Swiss nationality. The purpose of this paper is to reconcile these contradictory fertility measures. To do this, we design a novel methodology for tallying the fertility of cohorts of Swiss and foreign nationals through their reproductive life. In addition to birth registrations and population totals by age (the input data for calculating the TFR) we also include estimates of how many children women have at the time of their immigration, emigration and naturalisation. Using these input data, we compile the fertility profiles of Swiss and foreign women aged 15-49 (cohorts 1966-2003). These correspond well with the FGS and household register data. Several processes impact the final fertility of the two sub-populations. Women frequently immigrate into Switzerland in their 20s. Often arriving childless, they commonly start childbearing soon after immigration. However, there is still a flow of low-fertility women into the country in their 30s and 40s, lowering the average fertility of the foreign population. By contrast, Swiss women start childbearing later and a significant proportion remain childless; however, after starting childbearing they have a higher propensity than foreign women to have a second and third child. Naturalisation and fertility are interlinked; women with children are more likely to naturalise than those without, which then boosts the average fertility of the Swiss population. We confirm that the standard TFR gives an inflated impression of the ultimate (cohort) fertility of foreign nationals and under-estimates that of Swiss women, and we describe how this happens. Fundamentally, the TFR is a measure of childbearing intensity, not an accurate estimate of completed cohort fertility, especially for a mobile population.

Natural forest regeneration on the cuttings of Karelia due to fertility and moisture forest soil

Цель исследования – выявить влияние эффективного плодородия и увлажнения лесных почв на успешность последующего естественного лесовозобновления на вырубках Карелии. Эффективное плодородие лесных почв, по профессору О.Г. Чертову, – это отношение мощности гумусового горизонта к мощности лесной подстилки (гумусо-подстилочный коэффициент, ГПК). На вырубках давностью 5–15 лет величина ГПК закономерно возрастает по исходным типам леса от бедных (ГПК = 0,2) к сравнительно богатым местообитаниям (ГПК = 1,3–1,5). При этом изменяются густота и состав подроста. Наибольшая общая густота подроста (18 тыс. экз./га) характерна для почв среднего плодородия, с некоторым переувлажнением – в исходном типе леса ельник черничник влажный (ГПК = 0,3). Подрост ели последующего возобновления присутствует на вырубках в незначительном количестве или полностью отсутствует. Исключение составляет тип леса ельник черничник влажный, где густота подроста ели – 2,5–3 тыс. экз./га – достаточна для естественного восстановления ели на вырубках. В этом типе леса наблюдается также наибольшая густота подроста березы – в среднем 12,6 тыс. экз./га. Подрост сосны последующего возобновления имеет наибольшую густоту (2 тыс. экз./га) в самых бедных и сухих лесорастительных условиях – в исходном типе леса сосняк беломошник (ГПК = 0,2), где у сосны мало конкурентов. Подрост осины имеет слабую связь с почвенным увлажнением; его наибольшее количество (6,5–9 тыс. экз./га) имеется в относительно богатых почвенных условиях в исходном типе леса кисличник (ГПК = 1,3–1,5). По исходным типам леса и составу древостоя, определяющим эффективное плодородие почв, можно уверенно прогнозировать успешность последующего естественного лесовосстановления на вырубках. Однако в подавляющем большинстве типов леса Карелии количество хвойного подроста последующего возобновления является недостаточным для формирования хвойных древостоев без дополнительных лесохозяйственных мероприятий. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of effective fertility and forest soil moisture on the success of subsequent natural reforestation on the logging of Karelia. Effective fertility of forest soils by Professor O.G. Chertov is the ratio of the thickness of the humus horizon to the thickness of forest litter (humus-litter ratio, HLR). On the cuttings of the long ago 5–15 years old, the value of the HLR naturally increases by the original types of forest from poor (HLR = 0.2) to relatively rich habitats (HLR = 1.3–1.5). At the same time, the density and composition of the undergrowth change. The greatest total density of growth (18 thousand ex./ha) is typical for the soils of average fertility, with some overhydration – in the original type of forest Spruce blueberry wet (HLR = 0.3). Natural reforestation of Spruce of subsequent resumption growth is present on the cuttings in small amounts or completely absent. The exception is the type of forest Spruce blueberry wet, where the density of spruce undergrowth – of the ate – 2.5–3 thousand. ex./ha – enough for the natural restoration of spruce on felling. In this type of forest also there is the greatest density of birch growth – an average of 12.6 thousand. ex./ha. The natural reforestation of the pine of subsequent renewal has the greatest density (2 thousand ex./ha) in the poorest and driest forest conditions – in the original type of forest pine white-pine (HLR = 0.2), where the pine has few competitors. The natural reforestation of aspen has a weak association with soil hydration; its largest number (6.5–9 thousand ex./ha) is available in relatively rich soil conditions in the original type of forest wood sorrel (HLR = 1,3–1.5). By the original types of forest and the composition of the tree, which determines the effective fertility of the soils, it is possible to confidently predict the success of subsequent natural reforestation on the felling. However, in the vast majority of Karelia forest types, the amount of coniferous growth is not sufficient to form coniferous woodlands without additional forestry activities.

Influence of Anthropic and Topographic Factors on the Physicochemical Properties of the Soil around Temporary Pools in Ferlo, North Senegal

The temporary ponds at Ferlo constitute wetlands whose pastoral activity is of paramount importance in the economy of Senegal. These zones are characterized by a fairly specific microclimate (soft and humid), a shallow depth of the water table, alternating phases of submersion and exudation whose functioning is linked to the soil. Thus the restoration and conservation of these wetlands requires a good knowledge of the soil factors. The objective of this study is to compare the physico-chemical parameters of the soil around temporary pools in grazed and ungrazed areas and different topographical units in order to determine their relative similarities. The samples taken at different horizons from seven soil pits (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7) opened in the different morpho-pedological facies of two grazed ponds and one ungrazed pond were analyzed in the laboratory. The results obtained show that the soils of Ferlo have a sandy texture and low fertility in the slopes and plateaus. However, they have a balanced texture and average fertility in ponds and ungrazed areas. The factorial analysis made it possible to highlight three distinct soil classes. A class of sandy texture soil with very low chemical fertility comes from the plateau. A class of soil with a balanced texture which is rich in cation and calcium exchange capacity found in the low zones of strong mineralization. A last class rich in chemical element with a silty texture which is found in wooded areas. These results thus reveal the predominant influence of anthropic and topographic factors on the evolution and physico-chemical composition of the soil.

Peculiarities of generative activity of populations of artemia in hyperhaline lakes of Altai Region

Results of long-term data (2000–2019) on the fertility of female Artemia from different types of hyperhaline reservoirs in the Altai region in the framework of the monitoring is analyzed in this work. A mandatory condition for determining the generative activity of female Artemia on live material has been established. The limits of individual fertility and average fertility are calculated, and the influence of abiotic factors on its volume is shown. The features of changes in the qualitative content of the egg SAC of female Artemia in reservoirs with different levels of water salinity and the course of its change during the period of vegetation are studied. The average number of litters (broods) for Altai populations was calculated, and the influence of environmental factors on this indicator was analyzed.

Kualitas Dan Fertilitas Spermatozoa Sebagai Akibat Pejantan Berbeda

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of chicken species on the quality and fertility of spermatozoa. Semen is collected from Kampung, Arab, and Bangkok chickens through a massage method. The semen obtained is collected in a test tube, then diluted with Ringer's Dextrose. Spermatozoa examination is carried out macroscopically and microscopically. There are eighteen (18) female leghorn chickens used to test the fertility of spermatozoa, through the process of hatching eggs in an incubator. The research design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with three (3) treatments and six (6) replications. Data analysis using analysis of variance, if there are differences, continued with the Least Significant Difference test (LSD). The results showed that the fertility of Bangkok chicken spermatozoa was significant (P 0.01) compared to the sperm fertility of Arab chickens and Kampung chickens. The average fertility value of each cement is Kampung chicken: 68.88%, Arabic chicken: 71.32%, Bangkok chicken: 89.96%. The quality of Bangkok chicken semen is better than native chicken and Arabic chicken

FECUNDITY OF TREMATODES PARAFASCIOLOPSIS FASCIOLAEMORPHA IN THE NORTH OF THE NON-BLACK EARTH

High infection of moose with parafasciolopsosis in the North of the non-black earth region, reaching up to 75%, indicates favorable conditions for the circulation of the parasite in ecosystems, high biological pollution of the environment with eggs Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha. The purpose of our study is to study the fecundity of P. fasciolaemorpha depending on the age of the definitive host and abiotic environmental factors (time of year). Fluke fecundity was determined by counting eggs in the uterus. We divided the invasive moose into 2 categories: young and adult, and the date of production was taken into account also. Fecundity was determined in 230 flukes. From fingerlings, 93 specimens were examined for the presence of eggs, from adult moose – 137 specimens of P. fasciolaemorpha. Statistical processing of the material was performed using EXCEL. The fecundity of the Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha, which is an obligate parasite of moose, is relatively low and depends both on the age of the definitive host and on abiotic environmental factors (time of year). When parasitizing moose fingerlings, the average fertility of P. fasciolaemorpha reaches the highest values in the autumn months (30.1±2.17 copies), the lowest values – in the winter months (5.7±1.16). Fecundity of trematodes reaches maximum values when parasitizing in moose fingerlings – up to 45 eggs in the uterus, in adult moose – up to 25 eggs. The average fecundity of P. fasciolaemorpha marites that parasitize adult moose is 3 times lower than that of fingerlings. In autumn and spring, the fecundity of marites that parasitize adult moose increases to an average of 5.0–12.7 eggs in the winter months, trematodes are released from eggs and the average fecundity of P. fasciolaemorpha is 2.35–3.5 eggs. Low fecundity of trematodes is compensated by a high intensity of invasion.