Distribution of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its parasitoids on the Canadian Prairies, with a key to described species of Nearctic Bathyplectes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-701
Author(s):  
Juliana Soroka ◽  
Andrew M.R. Bennett ◽  
Cezarina Kora ◽  
Marla D. Schwarzfeld
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

AbstractThis study recorded distribution and size of alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica (Gyllenhal); Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2001 to 2014. The spread of alfalfa weevil across the province, originally southwest to southeast, was northward and westward during this time. By 2014, only northwestern and west central areas remained relatively alfalfa weevil free. From a minor pest in 2001, the alfalfa weevil increased to be the principal insect pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Linnaeus; Fabaceae) in 2014. The parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) had a similar distribution. Other parasitoids collected included Oomyzus incertus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Microctonus colesi Drea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Conservation of these parasitoids is an important step in maximising their effectiveness as alfalfa weevil biocontrol agents. Molecular sequencing of the DNA barcoding region of specimens identified morphologically as B. curculionis indicated moderately high levels of sequence divergence among specimens (up to 5.8%); however, interspecific genetic variation between other species of Bathyplectes Förster was also high. Therefore, we conclude that B. curculionis was the only Bathyplectes species collected in our study. An illustrated key to the described species of Bathyplectes in North America is provided, as well as DNA barcodes of most species, including five distinct barcodes in the Bathyplectes curculionis–B. exiguus (Gravenhorst) species complex.

Rearing the wheat stem sawfly on an artificial diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuilo B. Macedo ◽  
Paula A. Macedo ◽  
Robert K.D. Peterson ◽  
David K. Weaver ◽  
Wendell L. Morrill
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Harvest Efficiency

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is an insect pest in dryland wheat cropping systems in the southern Canadian Prairies and the northern Great Plains of the United States (Morrill 1997). Yield losses caused by C. cinctus are due to reduced head weight (Holmes 1977; Morrill et al. 1992) and lodging, which decreases harvest efficiency. Estimates of yield losses in Montana alone are about US$25 million per year.

EFFECTS OF CARBOFURAN ON ARTHROPOD POPULATIONS AND CROP YIELD IN HAYFIELDS

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Dondale
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica

AbstractCarbofuran was applied to three hayfields at a rate of 0.56 kg/ha in early June. This caused significant reductions of Thysanoptera, phytophagous Coleoptera larvae (including the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyl.)), and Cicadellidae. It caused similar reductions in Araneida and parasitoids. The differences between treated and untreated plots were no longer significant by September. Carbofuran did not significantly affect the yield of air-dried hay or of crude protein.

DIFFERENTIAL ENCAPSULATION OF TWO BATHYPLECTES PARASITOIDS AMONG ALFALFA WEEVIL STRAINS, HYPERA POSTICA (GYLLENHAL)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Maund ◽  
T.H. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Biological Differences

AbstractEncapsulation of Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) and B. anurus (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was investigated by dissecting parasitized larvae of three strains of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In laboratory studies, there was no encapsulation of B. curculionis in the western strain of the weevil, a significant level of encapsulation in the eastern strain of the weevil, and nearly complete encapsulation in the Egyptian strain of the weevil. The rickettsia, Wolbachia postica Hsiao and Hsiao, found only in the western strain, was not involved in encapsulation. Variation in encapsulation was due to biological differences between weevil strains. Encapsulation rates among field populations of the western and Egyptian weevils were lower than in the laboratory. Encapsulation rates of weevil populations from zones in which western and Egyptian strains overlap in southern Utah, and between eastern and western strains in Colorado, were intermediate to rates of parental strains. These results imply that B. curculionis effectiveness against the western alfalfa weevil will decline with mixing of weevil strains. Bathyplectes anurus did not evoke encapsulation and was able to develop equally well in all three weevil strains. Our findings illustrate the importance of investigating the compatibility between alfalfa weevil strains and their parasitoids in devising a sound biological control strategy.

List of the Insect Predators of the Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Barney ◽  
E. J. Armbrust
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Insect Predators

Demographic studies of Oomyzus incertus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), treated with four organophosphorous insecticides

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-491
Author(s):  
Qodrat Sabahi ◽  
Khalil Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Organophosphorous Insecticides

The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), can severely damage the first cutting of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae), in much of Iran. The pest has been parasitized by several parasitoids including Oomyzus incertus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious larval endoparasitoid. This wasp can parasitize up to 30% of weevil larvae in alfalfa fields in northern Iran. It produces three to four generations per year, and the female prefers the fourth instar of the host for oviposition. Each female lays 2 to 22 eggs per host, which hatch within 47–60 h. The life cycle is completed in about 2 weeks, upon pupation inside the host. This species is predominantly present during the summer months in alfalfa fields (Streams and Fuester 1967).

Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
George Hangay ◽  
Severiano F. Gayubo ◽  
Marjorie A. Hoy ◽  
Marta Goula ◽  
Allen Sanborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica

EFFECT OF TWO INSECT VIRUSES AND TWO ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI ON LARVAL AND PUPAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (FAB.) (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Goerzen ◽  
M.A. Erlandson ◽  
K.C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Megachile Rotundata ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Beneficial Insect

The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.), is an important pollinator of alfalfa in western Canada and is widely utilized for alfalfa seed production (Richards 1984). As a beneficial insect, the alfalfa leafcutting bee must be considered, along with the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., as a non-target organism of importance in evaluations of potential microbial control agents for use against major insect pest species on the Canadian prairies.

Humidity Preference of the Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica,1 as Affected by Microenvironmental and Physiological Conditions2

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Springer ◽  
R. L. Pienkowski
Keyword(s):  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica
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