scholarly journals How much does the host matter to the parasitoid? Distribution of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) species amongst two locally co-occurring gall-inducing hosts in the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Jamie M. MacEwen ◽  
Nathan G. Earley ◽  
Robert G. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
The North ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
North End ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractGall wasps in the cynipid genus Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) attack various species of native and introduced roses in Canada. Although gall forms are diverse, gall wasps are parasitised by highly concordant complexes of parasitoids and inquilines. Many species of gall wasps attack the same host plants and develop over the same periods in the season, suggesting that opportunistic parasitoids may be exploiting a range of hosts rather than specialising. We sampled larvae of Eurytoma Illiger (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from galls of D. variabilis (Bassett) and D. rosaefolii (Cockerell), gall inducers that develop fairly synchronously late in the growing season on leaves of Rosa woodsii Lindl. (Rosaceae) in the Okanagan Valley of central British Columbia, Canada. Galls were sampled at five different sites along a gradient from the north end of the valley to the Canada–United States border, a distance of 100 km. We extracted DNA, then amplified and sequenced the cytochrome b segment for each Eurytoma larva. We identified two well-supported clades that were differentiated by neither sampling location nor host. Instead, at least two species of Eurytoma, E. imminuta Bugbee and E. longavena Bugbee, exist at these localities, and both exploit at least two of the Diplolepis hosts found at these sites.

scholarly journals Catalog of Rose Gall, Herb Gall, and Inquiline Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada, and Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Nastasi ◽  
Andrew Deans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
The United States ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
The North ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Gall Induction

Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) is a diverse group of wasps, many of which are capable of inducing plants to make novel structures, galls, that protect and nourish the wasps' larvae. Other cynipids, especially those species in Ceroptresini and Synergini, are understood to be usurpers of galls made by other cynipids. The North American cynipid fauna has not been fully cataloged since 1979, but there is renewed interest in revising the taxonomy and in doing research that sheds light on the mechanisms of gall induction, the evolution of this life history, and their ecological interactions more broadly. Significant taxonomic changes have impacted the group since 1979, thereby warranting a new catalog. The current state of knowledge of species classified in Aulacideini, Ceroptresini, Diastrophini, Diplolepidini, Phanacidini, and Synergini in the United States, Canada, and Mexico is summarized in catalog format. We report 323 names, including 170 valid species of rose gall wasps, herb gall wasps, and inquiline gall wasps, classified in 12 genera, from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Current taxonomic status, distribution, host associations, and vernacular names are listed for each species. The catalog also includes the original description of galls for many species of gall-inducer, as well as atomized characterizations of different gall traits as key-value pairs. For most galling species without existing vernacular names, new vernacular names are proposed.

New Nanaimo Group ammonites (Cretaceous, Santonian–Campanian) from British Columbia and Washington State

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Haggart ◽  
Peter D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North Pacific Region ◽  
The North Pacific

The ammonite species Puzosia (Mesopuzosia) densicostata Matsumoto, Kitchinites (Neopuzosia) japonicus Spath, Anapachydiscus cf. A. nelchinensis Jones, Menuites cf. M. menu (Forbes), Submortoniceras chicoense (Trask), and Baculites cf. B. boulei Collignon are described from Santonian–Campanian strata of western Canada and northwestern United States. Stratigraphic occurrences and ranges of the species are summarized and those taxa important for correlation with other areas in the north Pacific region are noted.

Paleomagnetic and geobarometric study of the mid-Cretaceous Whitehorse Pluton, Yukon Territory

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Harris ◽  
D. T. A. Symons ◽  
W. H. Blackburn ◽  
C. J. R. Hart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Canadian Cordillera ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Craton ◽  
High Level

This is the first of several Lithoprobe paleomagnetic studies underway to examine geotectonic motions in the northern Canadian Cordillera. Except for one controversial study, estimates for terranes underlying the Intermontane Belt in the Yukon have been extrapolated from studies in Alaska, southern British Columbia, and the northwestern United States. The Whitehorse Pluton is a large unmetamorphosed and undeformed tonalitic body of mid-Cretaceous age (~112 Ma) that was intruded into sedimentary units of the Whitehorse Trough in the Stikinia terrane. Geothermobarometric estimates for eight sites around the pluton indicate that postmagnetization tilting has been negligible since cooling through the hornblende-crystallization temperature and that the pluton is a high-level intrusion. Paleomagnetic measurements for 22 of 24 sites in the pluton yield a well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) direction that is steeply down and northwards. The ChRM direction gives a paleopole of 285.5°E, 81.7°N (dp = 53°, dm = 5.7°). When compared with the 112 Ma reference pole for the North American craton, this paleopole suggests that the northern Stikinia terrane has been translated northwards by 11.0 ± 4.8° (1220 ± 530 km) and rotated clockwise by 59 ± 17°. Except for an estimate from the ~70 Ma Carmacks Group volcanics, this translation and rotation estimate agrees well with previous estimates for units in the central and southern Intermontane Belt. They suggest that the terranes of the Intermontane Belt have behaved as a fairly coherent unit since the Early Cretaceous, moving northward at a minimum average rate of 2.3 ± 0.4 cm/a between ~140 and ~45 Ma.

Weather conditions associated with grape production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and potential impact of climate change

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Caprio ◽  
H. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Okanagan Valley

An iterative χ2 method applied to 60 yr of records in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia (1930–1989) revealed that the main climatic factor limiting grape production (Vitis spp. and Vitis vinifera L.) was low temperatures (critical value range, ≤–6°C to ≤–23°C) occurring during late October, November, December and February. Daytime temperatures ≤–9°C during late November and early December benefited grape production, probably because it prevented vine de-acclimation. Detrimental effects of precipitation during late October were probably associated with the early movement of Arctic fronts into the region. Beneficial effects of precipitation in the form of snow were observed in January. During the pre-harvest growing season, except for a 2-wk period in July, high temperatures (≥26°C) were associated with good production, probably because warm temperatures are required for flower bud initiation and development. In contrast, higher-than-normal temperatures were not beneficial to production during the harvest year. Detrimental effects of high temperature were observed during July of the pre-harvest year and July (≥32°C) and early August of the harvest year (≥28°C). During the growing season, rainfall was sometimes unfavourable for grape production under irrigation, either because of associated cool weather or greater disease occurrence. Both temperature and precipitation were greater in the last 18 yr of the study than the prior 36 yr, especially during the late winter and early spring. The anticipated climatic change appears to favour grape production in the Okanagan Valley. Key words: grape, climate change, heat stress, winter injury

ASPECTS OF THE ECOLOGY OF APPLE LEAF ROLLERS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN THE OKANAGAN VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Mayer ◽  
B. P. Beirne
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractPopulations of leaf rollers on apple can be influenced by the proximity of alternative host plants, notably rose, privet, and antelope bush, in part because larval dispersal is common. Indications are that leaf roller population increases caused by parasite decreases are ultimate consequences of pesticide treatments, so that reductions in spray programs will not necessarily cause potential leaf roller pests to become actual pests. The composition of the leaf roller fauna on apple m the Okanagan Valley becomes increasingly complex as the environmental water balance is changed by cultivation and irrigation. There are indications that heavy vehicular traffic can be harmful to leaf rollers and their parasites nearby.

CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN OKANAGAN VALLEY LAKES, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Kangasniemi ◽  
D. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Okanagan Valley

Eurasian water milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus, was introduced into eastern North America late in the nineteenth century. It has spread and developed into a major aquatic weed in many areas of the United states and Canada (Aiken et al. 1979; Reed 1977). In British Columbia, it was first observed in the Vernon Arm of Okanagan Lake in 1970 and had spread to all major 1,akes in the Okanagan Valley by 1976 (Newroth 1979).

New early Eocene Siricomorpha (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bruce Archibald ◽  
Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

AbstractWe describe three new genera and four new species (three named) of siricomorph sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from the Ypresian (early Eocene) Okanagan Highlands: Pamphiliidae,Ulteramus republicensisnew genus, new speciesfrom Republic, Washington, United States of America; Siricidae,Ypresiosirex orthosemosnew genus, new speciesfrom McAbee, British Columbia, Canada; and Cephidae,Cuspilongus cachecreekensisnew genus, new speciesfrom McAbee and another cephid treated as Cephinae species A from Horsefly River, British Columbia, Canada. These are the only currently established occurrences of any siricomorph family in the Ypresian. We treat the undescribed new siricoid from the Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil as belonging to the Pseudosiricidae, not Siricidae, and agree with various authors that the YpresianMegapterites mirabilisCockerell is an ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The Miocene speciesCephites oeningensisHeer andC. fragilisHeer, assigned to the Cephidae over a century and a half ago, are also ants. Many of the host plants that siricomporphs feed upon today first appeared in the Eocene, a number of these in the Okanagan Highlands in particular. The Okanagan Highlands sites where these wasps were found also had upper microthermal mean annual temperatures as are overwhelmingly preferred by most modern siricomorphs, but were uncommon in the globally warm Ypresian, only found then in higher elevations and highest latitudes.

Parasitism of the Spring Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Complex in Organically Managed Apple Orchards in The North Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cossentine ◽  
A. Bennett ◽  
H. Goulet ◽  
J. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
The North ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Okanagan Valley

British Columbia and the United States: The North Pacific Slope from Fur Trade to Aviation

1943 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
W. T. Easterbrook ◽  
F. W. Howay ◽  
W. N. Sage ◽  
H. F. Angus ◽  
James T. Shotwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Pacific Slope ◽  
The North Pacific
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