The development of reading and writing abilities among Japanese children : A 3-year follow-up study from preschool to the second grade

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Kaoru Hanafusa
Keyword(s):  
Second Grade ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Follow Up Study

What factors during young childhood affect adolescent aerobic fitness in Japanese children? A 4-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S113
Author(s):  
M. Watanabe ◽  
Y. Hikihara ◽  
T. Aoyama ◽  
H. Wakabayashi ◽  
S. Hanawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals The Effect of Background Knowledge on Young Children's Comprehension of Explicit and Implicit Information

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. David Pearson ◽  
Jane Hansen ◽  
Christine Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Implicit Information ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Question Difficulty ◽  
Main Effects

To investigate the applicability of schema-theoretic notions to young children's comprehension of textually explicit and inferrable information, slightly above-average second grade readers with strong and weak schemata for knowledge about spiders read a passage about spiders and answered wh-questions tapping both explicitly stated information and knowledge that necessarily had to be inferred from the text. Main effects were found for strength of prior knowledge ( p < .01), and question type ( p < .01). Simple effects tests indicated a significant prior knowledge effect on the inferrable knowledge ( p < .025) but not on explicitly stated information. A follow-up study was conducted to verify the fact that the question type effect was not due to the chance allocation of inherently easier questions to one of the two question types. We found a reliable decrease in question difficulty attributable to cueing prepositional relations explicitly in the text ( p < .01). These data were interpreted as supporting and extending the arguments emerging from various “schema theories”.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

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