scholarly journals The Metastatic Rate of Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes When Metastasis of Internal Mammary Lymph Node Is Suspected on PET/CT

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Internal Mammary Lymph Node ◽  
Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Rate ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Internal Mammary

Metastatic internal mammary lymph nodes or mimickers on parasternal ultrasonography: focusing on their distribution and depth

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Jin Jeong ◽  
Jung Min Bae ◽  
So Yoon Park ◽  
Boo-Kyung Han ◽  
Eun Sook Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intercostal Space ◽  
Internal Mammary Lymph Node ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internal Mammary

Background Ultrasonography (US) is an important tool to evaluate the status of internal mammary lymph node (IMN). US features of metastatic IMNs could help determine when biopsy should be performed. Purpose To compare US features of metastatic IMNs to those of benign entities. Material and Methods In women with suspected IMN metastasis on US, their intercostal space (ICS) abnormalities were classified into metastatic IMN, benign IMN, and lymph node (LN) mimickers. US features, distribution, and depth of abnormalities in one ICS and involved ICS level were analyzed. Results Among 66 ICS abnormalities in 53 women, 46 were metastatic IMNs, ten were benign IMNs, and ten were LN mimickers. For metastatic IMNs, the second ICS was the most commonly involved ICS (n = 22), followed by the first (n = 13), the third (n = 8), and the fourth (n = 3). ICS level distribution of metastatic IMNs was not significantly ( P = 0.5407) different from that of non-metastatic lesions. Metastatic IMNs were predominantly seen in the posterior layer of ICS, significantly ( P < 0.0001) different from LN mimickers. Both metastatic IMNs and non-metastatic lesions were evenly distributed over the upper, middle, and lower part (in craniocaudal direction) of one ICS. Conclusion Metastatic IMNs are more likely to be found in the posterior layer of ICS. This can help distinguish them from LN mimickers. Any part (upper, middle, or lower) of one ICS in craniocaudal direction could be involved. The second ICS was the most commonly involved level.

18F-FDG PET/CT of Internal Mammary Lymph Node Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastases

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. e482-e483
Author(s):  
Raja Senthil ◽  
H Ramesh ◽  
Arun Visakh R. ◽  
Thara Pratap ◽  
Pushpa Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Internal Mammary Lymph Node ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

scholarly journals Solitary Internal Mammary Lymph Node Metastases Detected by18F-FDG-PET/CT in Ovarian Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bernardi ◽  
Paolo Castellucci ◽  
Andrea Angelo Martoni
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Internal Mammary Lymph Node ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

scholarly journals The metastasis of the internal mammary lymph node-a neglected strategic high point of radiotherapy for breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Linwei Wang ◽  
Conghua xie ◽  
Yunfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Metastatic Rate ◽  
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽  
Internal Mammary

Abstract Background : To investigate the metastatic rate of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) and to provide recommendations on target volume delineation of IMNs for adjuvant radiotherapy of breast cancer patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 114 breast cancer patients treated only by surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy who developed local and/or regional lymph node recurrence/metastasis in our institute from January 2015 to January 2019, and patients with widely lung or pleural metastases were excluded. We first analyzed the recurrence rate of the chest wall, the metastatic rate of internal mammary/anterior mediastinal, ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and then investigated distribution of the IMNs. Results : Among all of these 114 patients, the recurrence rate of chest wall, the metastatic rate of IMNs, the IMNs/anterior mediastinal lymph nodes, the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, and the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes were 43%, 37.7%, 59.6%, 12.3% and 22.8%, respectively. The metastatic IMNs were mainly located from the first to the second intercostal space. However, metastatic lymph nodes could also be observed above the upper edge of the first rib. Conclusions : The metastatic rate is high in the IMNs and irradiation of the internal mammary lymphatic chain is indispensable. It is suggested that the upper bound of the internal mammary lymphatic chain should be up to the subclavian vein with 5 mm margin, thus connecting to the caudal border of supraclavicular CTV(Clinical Target Volume)in breast cancer patients with high risk of recurrence.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis on Metastatic Rate of the Internal Mammary Lymph Node and Its Clinical Significance in Adjuvant Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Linwei Wang ◽  
Conghua xie ◽  
Yunfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Metastatic Rate ◽  
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽  
Internal Mammary

Abstract Background : There is a discrepancy about the metastatic rate of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) between clinical and pathologic findings. We aimed to investigate the metastatic rate of IMNs and to provide recommendations on target volume delineation of IMNs for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed data from 114 breast cancer patients treated with surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy who developed local and/or regional lymph node recurrence/metastasis at our institute from January 2015 to January 2019. Patients with widely lung or pleural metastases were excluded. We first analyzed the recurrence rate with the chest wall, the metastatic rate of internal mammary/anterior mediastinal, ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and then investigated the distribution of the IMNs. Results : Among the 114 included patients, the recurrence rate with the chest wall, metastatic rate of IMNs, IMNs/anterior mediastinal lymph nodes, ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, and the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was 43%, 37.7%, 59.6%, 12.3%, and 22.8%, respectively. The metastatic IMNs were mainly located from the first to the second intercostal space. However, metastatic lymph nodes could also be observed above the upper edge of the first rib.Conclusions : The metastatic rate is high in the IMNs and irradiation of the internal mammary lymphatic chain is required. It is suggested that the upper bound of the internal mammary lymphatic chain should be up to the subclavian vein with a 5-mm margin, thus connecting to the caudal border of supraclavicular clinical target volume in breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis on Metastatic Rate of the Internal Mammary Lymph Node and Its Clinical Significance in Adjuvant Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Linwei Wang ◽  
Conghua xie ◽  
Yunfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Metastatic Rate ◽  
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽  
Internal Mammary

Abstract Background: There is a discrepancy about the metastatic rate of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) between clinical and pathologic findings. We aimed to investigate the metastatic rate of IMNs and to provide recommendations on target volume delineation of IMNs for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 114 breast cancer patients treated with surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy who developed local and/or regional lymph node recurrence/metastasis at our institute from January 2015 to January 2019. Patients with widely lung or pleural metastases were excluded. We first analyzed the recurrence rate with the chest wall, the metastatic rate of internal mammary/anterior mediastinal, ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and then investigated the distribution of the IMNs. Results: Among the 114 included patients, the recurrence rate with the chest wall, metastatic rate of IMNs, IMNs/anterior mediastinal lymph nodes, ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, and the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was 43%, 37.7%, 59.6%, 12.3%, and 22.8%, respectively. The metastatic IMNs were mainly located from the first to the second intercostal space. However, metastatic lymph nodes could also be observed above the upper edge of the first rib. Conclusions: The metastatic rate is high in the IMNs and irradiation of the internal mammary lymphatic chain is required. It is suggested that the upper bound of the internal mammary lymphatic chain should be up to the subclavian vein with a 5-mm margin, thus connecting to the caudal border of supraclavicular clinical target volume in breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence.

Imaging and Management of Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-540
Author(s):  
Naziya Samreen ◽  
Shubhada Dhage ◽  
Naamit Kurshan Gerber ◽  
Celin Chacko ◽  
Cindy S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Breast Mri ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Internal Mammary

Abstract Internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLNs) account for approximately 10%–40% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast. Internal mammary lymph nodes measuring up to 10 mm are commonly seen on high-risk screening breast MRI examinations in patients without breast cancer and are considered benign if no other suspicious findings are present. Benign IMLNs demonstrate a fatty hilum, lobular or oval shape, and circumscribed margins without evidence of central necrosis, cortical thickening, or loss of fatty hilum. In patients with breast cancer, IMLN involvement can alter clinical stage and treatment planning. The incidence of IMLN metastases detected on US, CT, MRI, and PET-CT ranges from 10%–16%, with MRI and PET-CT demonstrating the highest sensitivities. Although there are no well-defined imaging criteria in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual for Breast Cancer, a long-axis measurement of ≥ 5 mm is suggested as a guideline to differentiate benign versus malignant IMLNs in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Abnormal morphology such as loss of fatty hilum, irregular shape, and rounded appearance (which can be quantified by a short-axis/long-axis length ratio greater than 0.5) also raises suspicion for IMLN metastases. MRI and PET-CT have good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of IMLN metastases, but fluorodeoxyglucose avidity can be seen in both benign conditions and metastatic disease. US is helpful for staging, and US-guided fine-needle aspiration can be performed in cases of suspected IMLN metastasis. Management of suspicious IMLNs identified on imaging is typically with chemotherapy and radiation, as surgical excision does not provide survival benefit and is performed only in rare cases.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis on Metastatic Rate of the Internal Mammary Lymph Node and Its Clinical Significance in Adjuvant Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Hongyan Zhang ◽  
Linwei Wang ◽  
Conghua xie ◽  
Yunfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Metastatic Rate ◽  
Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes ◽  
Internal Mammary

Abstract Background : There is a discrepancy about the metastatic rate of internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) between clinical and pathologic findings. We aimed to investigate the metastatic rate of IMNs and to provide recommendations on target volume delineation of IMNs for adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed data from 114 breast cancer patients treated with surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy who developed local and/or regional lymph node recurrence/metastasis at our institute from January 2015 to January 2019. Patients with widely lung or pleural metastases were excluded. We first analyzed the recurrence rate with the chest wall, the metastatic rate of internal mammary/anterior mediastinal, ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and then investigated the distribution of the IMNs. Results : Among the 114 included patients, the recurrence rate with the chest wall, metastatic rate of IMNs, IMNs/anterior mediastinal lymph nodes, ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, and the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes was 43%, 37.7%, 59.6%, 12.3%, and 22.8%, respectively. The metastatic IMNs were mainly located from the first to the second intercostal space. However, metastatic lymph nodes could also be observed above the upper edge of the first rib. Conclusions : The metastatic rate is high in the IMNs and irradiation of the internal mammary lymphatic chain is required. It is suggested that the upper bound of the internal mammary lymphatic chain should be up to the subclavian vein with a 5-mm margin, thus connecting to the caudal border of supraclavicular clinical target volume in breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence.

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