Vaccination with Intradermal Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Provides Robust Protection against Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis but Not Pulmonary Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques

Abstract. Tuberculosis (TB) remains among the top 10 infectious diseases with highest mortality globally since the 1990s despite effective chemotherapy. Among 10 million patients that fell ill with tuberculosis in the year 2017, 36 % were undiagnosed or detected and not reported; the number goes as high as 55 % in Tanzania, showing that the diagnosis of TB is a big challenge in the developing countries. There have been great advancements in TB diagnostics with introduction of the molecular tests such as Xpert MTB/RIF, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, lipoarabinomannan urine strip test, and molecular line-probe assays. However, most of the hospitals in Tanzania still rely on the TB score chart in children, the WHO screening questions in adults, acid-fast bacilli and chest x-ray for the diagnosis of TB. Xpert MTB/RIF has been rolled-out but remains a challenge in settings where the samples for testing must be transported over many kilometers. Imaging by sonography – nowadays widely available even in rural settings of Tanzania – has been shown to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Despite all the efforts and new diagnostics, 30–50 % of patients in high-burden TB countries are still empirically treated for tuberculosis. More efforts need to be placed if we are to reduce the death toll by 90 % until 2030.

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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine Scar Diameter and Asthma

Allergy & Clinical Immunology International - Journal of the World Allergy Organization ◽

10.1027/0838-1925.19.5.197 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 197-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emanuel Sarinho

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Calmette Guerin

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Pulmonary Infection in Healthy and Immunocompromised Patients

RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1252209 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 182 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

C Schäfer-Prokop

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Infection ◽

Immunocompromised Patients

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Sociodemographic, Clinical Profile and Outcome of Tuberculosis in Baramulla District of North Kashmir of India

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v21i1.336 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

Abdul Ahad Wani ◽

Javeed Iqbal Bhat ◽

Muzafar Naik ◽

Nisar Ahmed Dar ◽

Syed Masood Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Elementary Education ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Steady Increase ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Directly Observed Treatment ◽

Night Sweats ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: India accounts for one-fourth of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden. Since the countrywide implementation of RNTCP, tuberculosis care has received renewed focus. Directly observed treatment short-term (DOTS) is a cornerstone of RNTCP program. Objective: To evaluate demographic profile, clinical presentation and outcome of TB in district Baramulla of North Kashmir. Methods: A prospective study over a period of seven years in patients diagnosed with TB in district Baramulla of North Kashmir. Results: This study was conducted prospectively over seven years from March 2011 to February 2017. A total of 802 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, there were a total of 638 adult patients and 164 paediatric patients with a male: female ratio of 1:0.99. Majority of patients belonged to rural areas of north Kashmir and had received no or elementary education. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 530 (66 %) patients and 272 (34%) patients were diagnosed as extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum for AFB was important mode of diagnosis in our series and was positive in 525 (65%) our patients. Majority of patients presented with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. None of the patients had Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There was a consistent improvement in AFB isolation among TB patients over the study period. Majority of our patients were cured completely of disease Conclusion: Sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis remains the most common presentation of tuberculosis in North Kashmir. There is a steady increase in the proportion of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases over the study period. Furthermore, DOTS treatment is successful in all forms of tuberculosis. JMS 2018;21(1):11-16

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In silico ADME, Bioactivity and Toxicity Parameters Calculation of Some Selected Anti-Tubercular Drugs

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016661 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shashank Shekhar Mishra ◽

Chandra Shekhar Sharma ◽

Hemendra Pratap Singh ◽

Harshda Pandiya ◽

Neeraj Kumar

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

In Silico ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Computational Investigation ◽

Pharmacological Profile ◽

In Silico Toxicity ◽

Is Development ◽

Potent Drug ◽

Minimal Resistance ◽

Parameters Calculation

Tuberculosis, one of the most frequent infectious diseases, is caused by a mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria and it infects several hundred million people each year, results in several million deaths annually. Because there is development of antibiotic resistance, the disease becomes incurable. So, in the absence of effective and potent drug with minimal resistance problems, the mortality rate increases annually. In this computational investigation, we performed In-silico ADME, bioactivity and toxicity parameters calculation of some selected anti-tuberculosis agents. To design a new molecule having good pharmacological profile, this study will provide the lead information.Key Words: Tuberculosis (TB), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, TPSA, In Silico toxicity

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