scholarly journals I CHEMIOTERAPICI ANTIVIRALI1

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Federico Perno
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Antiviral Chemotherapy ◽  
Simplex Virus

The concept of drug development with specific antiviral action is quite recent. The discovery, in the late ‘70s, that acyclic nucleoside analogs could inhibit the replication of the Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) DNA, was the fundamental step that opened the way to the research on drugs able to deal with diseases caused by viruses. In the ‘80s, the need to fight another disease related to a virus, AIDS caused by HIV, gave a further boost to the research in the field of viral chemotherapy. Currently, several classes of drugs are available for the treatment of viruses such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, HBV and hepatitis viruses, cytomegalovirus and HIV. Nevertheless, we however need a continuous and progressive development of antiviral chemotherapy and of the research related to it that can cope with the problem of the effectiveness of antiviral vaccines, the emergence of new diseases related to immunosuppression. In this context, the research of professor Paolo Mantegazza has made a valuable contribution to the understanding of the transforming role of some viruses such as polyomaviruses, including the SV40 monkey vacuolar virus. Professor Mantegazza also made a significant contribution to the synthesis of compounds for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies caused by prions. 1Trascrizione non corretta dall’Autore.

Herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjo K. De ◽  
Jennifer C.L. Hart ◽  
Judith Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals A Genome-Wide Comparative Evolutionary Analysis of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Varicella Zoster Virus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e22527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Norberg ◽  
Shaun Tyler ◽  
Alberto Severini ◽  
Rich Whitley ◽  
Jan-Åke Liljeqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Inhibits HIV-1 Infection in a pH-Dependent Manner

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Dantas ◽  
Fernando Erra Díaz ◽  
Pehuén Pereyra Gerber ◽  
Augusto Varese ◽  
Diana Alicia Jerusalinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTHistidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma protein with a multidomain structure, allowing its interaction with many ligands, including phospholipids, plasminogen, fibrinogen, IgG antibodies, and heparan sulfate. HRG has been shown to regulate different biological responses, such as angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. Here, we found that HRG almost completely abrogated the infection of Ghost cells, Jurkat cells, CD4+T cells, and macrophages by HIV-1 at a low pH (range, 6.5 to 5.5) but not at a neutral pH. HRG was shown to interact with the heparan sulfate expressed by target cells, inhibiting an early postbinding step associated with HIV-1 infection. More importantly, by acting on the viral particle itself, HRG induced a deleterious effect, which reduces viral infectivity. Because cervicovaginal secretions in healthy women show low pH values, even after semen deposition, our observations suggest that HRG might represent a constitutive defense mechanism in the vaginal mucosa. Of note, low pH also enabled HRG to inhibit the infection of HEp-2 cells and Vero cells by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), respectively, suggesting that HRG might display broad antiviral activity under acidic conditions.IMPORTANCEVaginal intercourse represents a high-risk route for HIV-1 transmission. The efficiency of male-to-female HIV-1 transmission has been estimated to be 1 in every 1,000 episodes of sexual intercourse, reflecting the high degree of protection conferred by the genital mucosa. However, the contribution of different host factors to the protection against HIV-1 at mucosal surfaces remains poorly defined. Here, we report for the first time that acidic values of pH enable the plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) to strongly inhibit HIV-1 infection. Because cervicovaginal secretions usually show low pH values, our observations suggest that HRG might represent a constitutive antiviral mechanism in the vaginal mucosa. Interestingly, infection by other viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus 2, was also markedly inhibited by HRG at low pH values, suggesting that extracellular acidosis enables HRG to display broad antiviral activity.

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