scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible of acute respiratory tract infections in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhtar Camara ◽  
Assane Dieng ◽  
Abdoulaye Diop ◽  
Amadou Diop ◽  
Amadou Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

<em>Background and aims.</em> <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae,</em> <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> and <em>Moraxella</em> <em>catarrhalis</em> are the most common causative agents of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The objective of this study was to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics.<br /><em>Materials and methods</em>. A total of 58 strains (16 <em>S. pneumoniae</em>, 19 <em>H. influenzae</em> and 23 <em>M. catarrhalis</em>) were isolated from samples collected in two paediatric centres, and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics tested by E-test. <br /><em>Results</em>. Among <em>H. influenzae</em> isolates, 10.5% were resistant to ampicillin (all β-lactamase-positive), and 88.9% were susceptible to cefaclor. High β-lactam resistance rates (penicillin: 31.3% and cephalosporins: 18.7 to 31.3%) had been observed among <em>S</em>. <em>pneumonia</em> strains. Only 50% of isolates were susceptible to azithromycine. 91.3% of <em>M</em>. <em>catarrhalis</em> isolates β-lactamases producers were resistant to ampicillin while susceptible to the most tested antibiotics. <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. Except <em>M. catarrhalis</em> β-lactamases producing strains, frequency of antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among <em>S. pneumoniae,</em> and to a lesser extent among <em>H</em>. <em>influenzae</em> clinical isolates, suggesting the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of RTIs.

scholarly journals Trend in Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenzae Strains Isolated from Community Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections in Dakar, Senegal between 2005 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. MBI.S3819
Author(s):  
A. Guèye Ndiaye ◽  
Hounkponou Edwige ◽  
Fatou Bintou Guèye ◽  
Cheikh Saad Bouh Boye
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections

Development of antibiotic resistance among common respiratory pathogens is a major cause of concern worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are among the most common respiratory pathogens. In this study, representative samples obtained from 3 different medical centers in Dakar, Senegal were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The samples were collected from 2005 to 2008 and the data obtained was compared to establish resistance patterns between the two years (i.e. 2005–2006 to 2007–2008). S. pneumoniae exhibited a significant increase in the resistance to azithromycin and the intermediate susceptibility to penicillin G and cotrimoxazole. H. influenzae also exhibited a significant increase in resistance to azithromycin and intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol. None of H. influenzae samples were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalosporin and fluroquinolones and most of the S. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated high susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Results from this study will provide greater insights to antibiotic therapy during respiratory tract infections in Dakar, Senegal. This study also establishes the importance of continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns that are often region-specific.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain: Results of a 1-Year (1996–1997) Multicenter Surveillance Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
José Angel García-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan García de Lomas ◽  
Lorenzo Aguilar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

A nationwide susceptibility surveillance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was carried out and found the following percentages of resistance: cefuroxime, 46%; penicillin, 37%; macrolides, 33%; aminopenicillins, 24%; cefotaxime, 13%; and ceftriaxone, 8%. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonality pattern for β-lactam antibiotics was observed. Resistance to macrolides was higher (P < 0.05) in middle-ear samples. Higher percentages of resistance to cefuroxime and macrolides were observed among penicillin-intermediate and -resistant strains, whereas high frequencies of resistance to aminopenicillins and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were observed only among penicillin-resistant strains.

Overprescribing antibiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 218-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Winter
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

The threat of antimicrobial resistance is well known. Here, George Winter discusses how overprescribing antibiotics can contribute to resistance and discusses research on overprescribing in acute respiratory tract infections

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