scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Spain: Results of a 1-Year (1996–1997) Multicenter Surveillance Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
José Angel García-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan García de Lomas ◽  
Lorenzo Aguilar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tract Infections

A nationwide susceptibility surveillance of 1,113Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was carried out and found the following percentages of resistance: cefuroxime, 46%; penicillin, 37%; macrolides, 33%; aminopenicillins, 24%; cefotaxime, 13%; and ceftriaxone, 8%. A significant (P < 0.05) seasonality pattern for β-lactam antibiotics was observed. Resistance to macrolides was higher (P < 0.05) in middle-ear samples. Higher percentages of resistance to cefuroxime and macrolides were observed among penicillin-intermediate and -resistant strains, whereas high frequencies of resistance to aminopenicillins and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were observed only among penicillin-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible of acute respiratory tract infections in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhtar Camara ◽  
Assane Dieng ◽  
Abdoulaye Diop ◽  
Amadou Diop ◽  
Amadou Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

<em>Background and aims.</em> <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae,</em> <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> and <em>Moraxella</em> <em>catarrhalis</em> are the most common causative agents of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The objective of this study was to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics.<br /><em>Materials and methods</em>. A total of 58 strains (16 <em>S. pneumoniae</em>, 19 <em>H. influenzae</em> and 23 <em>M. catarrhalis</em>) were isolated from samples collected in two paediatric centres, and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics tested by E-test. <br /><em>Results</em>. Among <em>H. influenzae</em> isolates, 10.5% were resistant to ampicillin (all β-lactamase-positive), and 88.9% were susceptible to cefaclor. High β-lactam resistance rates (penicillin: 31.3% and cephalosporins: 18.7 to 31.3%) had been observed among <em>S</em>. <em>pneumonia</em> strains. Only 50% of isolates were susceptible to azithromycine. 91.3% of <em>M</em>. <em>catarrhalis</em> isolates β-lactamases producers were resistant to ampicillin while susceptible to the most tested antibiotics. <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. Except <em>M. catarrhalis</em> β-lactamases producing strains, frequency of antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among <em>S. pneumoniae,</em> and to a lesser extent among <em>H</em>. <em>influenzae</em> clinical isolates, suggesting the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of RTIs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates in the United Arab Emirates: 2004-2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Senok ◽  
Mansour Al-Zarouni ◽  
Jalila Al-Najjar ◽  
Abeer Nublusi ◽  
Debadatta Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae represent key aetiological agents in respiratory tract infections showing an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance. We present the first report on the antimicrobial resistance in S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolated from patients in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: One hundred S. pneumoniae and 102 H. influenzae strains were isolated from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections during the study period (October 2004-March 2006). Susceptibility testing to a panel of antibiotics was conducted using disc diffusion and E test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were interpreted using CLSI and Pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. Results: For S. pneumoniae isolates, 57% were penicillin susceptible while 98% were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate with both interpretative criteria. Cefaclor was the least effective cephalosporin with only 57% and 43% of isolates showing susceptibility with CLSI and PK/PD breakpoints respectively. Thirty-six isolates were ofloxacin non-susceptible (intermediate and resistant); three resistant isolates were associated with high ciprofloxacin MICs (>8mg/L). There was elevated macrolide resistance with associated high levels of erythromycin/clindamycin cross-resistance (n=22/30) suggesting predominant erm(B)-mediated resistance and 21% of isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. For H. influenzae, 18% were beta-lactamase producers. Reduction in cefaclor and cefprozil susceptibility with PK/PD breakpoints (94.1% to 41.2% and 62.7% respectively) was seen and only 1% remained azithromycin and clarithomycin susceptible. For both pathogens, lowest susceptibility was with co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: These findings indicate a high level of penicillin resistance and continued usefulness of amoxicillin/clavulanate. Elevated macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance and the occurrence of multidrug resistance indicate a need for continued surveillance.

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