scholarly journals COVID-19 and restrictive lung disease: A deadly combo to trip off the fine balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kant Sahu ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mishra ◽  
Kevin Martin ◽  
Iryna Chastain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Restrictive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has so far led to innumerable deaths worldwide. The risk factors so far that have been most studied as poor prognostic factors are old age, individuals with multiple comorbidities and immunocompromised patients. Amongst the chronic lung diseases, most patients with COVID-19 reported so far had asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease. Herein, we discuss the significance of restrictive lung disease during the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential risk factor via an example of a patient with kyphoscoliosis who succumbed to death due to COVID-19 pneumonia.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. S154-S160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bradley Drummond ◽  
A. Sonia Buist ◽  
James D. Crapo ◽  
Robert A. Wise ◽  
Stephen I. Rennard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Pulmonary Evaluation

2016 ◽  
pp. 747-766
Author(s):  
Vivek N. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Stenosis ◽  
Obstructive Lung Diseases ◽  
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency

Obstructive lung diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (eg, chronic bronchitis and emphysema), asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, and diffuse panbronchiolitis (eg, bullous lung disease, α‎1-antitrypsin deficiency, and airway stenosis). The 2 most prevalent obstructive lung diseases are COPD and asthma.

scholarly journals Does cystic fibrosis constitute an advantage in COVID-19 infection?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentino Bezzerri ◽  
Francesca Lucca ◽  
Sonia Volpi ◽  
Marco Cipolli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Pulmonary Impairment

Abstract The Veneto region is one of the most affected Italian regions by COVID-19. Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may constitute a risk factor in COVID-19. Moreover, respiratory viruses were generally associated with severe pulmonary impairment in cystic fibrosis (CF). We would have therefore expected numerous cases of severe COVID-19 among the CF population. Surprisingly, we found that CF patients were significantly protected against infection by SARS-CoV-2. We discussed this aspect formulating some reasonable theories.

scholarly journals Risk factors for exacerbations and pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pooled analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Hartley ◽  
Neil C. Barnes ◽  
Sally Lettis ◽  
Chris H. Compton ◽  
Alberto Papi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
First Year ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Gold Stage ◽  
Exacerbation Risk

Abstract Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk of exacerbations and pneumonia; how the risk factors interact is unclear. Methods This post-hoc, pooled analysis included studies of COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) combinations and comparator arms of ICS, LABA, and/or placebo. Backward elimination via Cox’s proportional hazards regression modelling evaluated which combination of risk factors best predicts time to first (a) pneumonia, and (b) moderate/severe COPD exacerbation. Results Five studies contributed: NCT01009463, NCT01017952, NCT00144911, NCT00115492, and NCT00268216. Low body mass index (BMI), exacerbation history, worsening lung function (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage), and ICS treatment were identified as factors increasing pneumonia risk. BMI was the only pneumonia risk factor influenced by ICS treatment, with ICS further increasing risk for those with BMI <25 kg/m2. The modelled probability of pneumonia varied between 3 and 12% during the first year. Higher exacerbation risk was associated with a history of exacerbations, poorer lung function (GOLD stage), female sex and absence of ICS treatment. The influence of the other exacerbation risk factors was not modified by ICS treatment. Modelled probabilities of an exacerbation varied between 31 and 82% during the first year. Conclusions The probability of an exacerbation was considerably higher than for pneumonia. ICS reduced exacerbations but did not influence the effect of risks associated with prior exacerbation history, GOLD stage, or female sex. The only identified risk factor for ICS-induced pneumonia was BMI <25 kg/m2. Analyses of this type may help the development of COPD risk equations.

scholarly journals Hallmarks of the ageing lung

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Meiners ◽  
Oliver Eickelberg ◽  
Melanie Königshoff
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Ageing is the main risk factor for major non-communicable chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, most forms of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. While the prevalence of these diseases continually increases with age, their respective incidence peaks at different times during the lifespan, suggesting specific effects of ageing on the onset and/or pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of ageing have been defined as cell-autonomous and non-autonomous pathways involved in ageing. Here, we review the available evidence for the involvement of each of these hallmarks in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, we propose an additional hallmark, “dysregulation of the extracellular matrix”, which we argue acts as a crucial modifier of cell-autonomous changes and functions, and as a key feature of the above-mentioned lung diseases.

scholarly journals Proteases, Mucus, and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Lung Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5018
Author(s):  
Michael C. McKelvey ◽  
Ryan Brown ◽  
Sinéad Ryan ◽  
Marcus A. Mall ◽  
Sinéad Weldon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Multifunctional Enzymes ◽  
Disease Experience

Dysregulated protease activity has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and especially in conditions that display mucus obstruction, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, our appreciation of the roles of proteases in various aspects of such diseases continues to grow. Patients with muco-obstructive lung disease experience progressive spirals of inflammation, mucostasis, airway infection and lung function decline. Some therapies exist for the treatment of these symptoms, but they are unable to halt disease progression and patients may benefit from novel adjunct therapies. In this review, we highlight how proteases act as multifunctional enzymes that are vital for normal airway homeostasis but, when their activity becomes immoderate, also directly contribute to airway dysfunction, and impair the processes that could resolve disease. We focus on how proteases regulate the state of mucus at the airway surface, impair mucociliary clearance and ultimately, promote mucostasis. We discuss how, in parallel, proteases are able to promote an inflammatory environment in the airways by mediating proinflammatory signalling, compromising host defence mechanisms and perpetuating their own proteolytic activity causing structural lung damage. Finally, we discuss some possible reasons for the clinical inefficacy of protease inhibitors to date and propose that, especially in a combination therapy approach, proteases represent attractive therapeutic targets for muco-obstructive lung diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document