scholarly journals The Prevalence of Pain in People With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Al Adal ◽  
Fereshteh Pourkazemi ◽  
Martin Mackey ◽  
Claire E. Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain

ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of pain in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and how pain is related to the impairments of CAI.Data SourcesWe searched the databases of AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science from inception to March 2017.Study SelectionEligible studies were peer-reviewed research in which investigators reported the presence of ankle pain or assessed the effects of pain on impairments in participants with CAI. Age and language were not restricted. Studies that included only surgical interventions were excluded.Data ExtractionStudies identified by the search strategy were screened according to the eligibility criteria, and 2 independent reviewers extracted the data. Outcome measurements were (1) pain ratings using measures such as a visual analog scale and (2) other residual impairments, such as feelings of weakness, giving way, or deficits in functional performance.Data SynthesisOf the 5907 records identified through the database search, 14 studies were included in this review. All authors assessed ankle pain by self-report questionnaires or physical examination, or both. Pain was self-reported by 23% to 79% of participants and present on physical examination in 25% to 75% of participants, depending on the test applied. Among these studies, the highest reported pain level was 4.9 on the 11-point visual analog scale. Studies were heterogeneous for pain measures, participant groups, interventions, and follow-up periods. The relationship between pain and the structural and functional impairments associated with CAI was not investigated in the included studies.ConclusionsPain was present in a large proportion of people who had CAI, but pain levels were low. Information about the effects of pain was not reported, so researchers should examine the association between pain and function, balance, or other activities in people with CAI.

scholarly journals Strength-Training Protocols to Improve Deficits in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Hall ◽  
Carrie L. Docherty ◽  
Janet Simon ◽  
Jackie J. Kingma ◽  
Joanne C. Klossner
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Protocol Group ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Hop Test

Context: Although lateral ankle sprains are common in athletes and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI), strength-training rehabilitation protocols may improve the deficits often associated with CAI. Objective: To determine whether strength-training protocols affect strength, dynamic balance, functional performance, and perceived instability in individuals with CAI. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Athletic training research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 39 individuals with CAI (17 men [44%], 22 women [56%]) participated in this study. Chronic ankle instability was determined by the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Questionnaire, and participants were randomly assigned to a resistance-band–protocol group (n = 13 [33%] age = 19.7 ± 2.2 years, height = 172.9 ± 12.8 cm, weight = 69.1 ± 13.5 kg), a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation strength-protocol group (n = 13 [33%], age = 18.9 ± 1.3 years, height = 172.5 ± 5.9 cm, weight = 72.7 ± 14.6 kg), or a control group (n = 13 [33%], age = 20.5 ± 2.1 years, height = 175.2 ± 8.1 cm, weight = 70.2 ± 11.1 kg). Intervention(s): Both rehabilitation groups completed their protocols 3 times/wk for 6 weeks. The control group did not attend rehabilitation sessions. Main Outcome Measure(s): Before the interventions, participants were pretested by completing the figure-8 hop test for time, the triple-crossover hop test for distance, isometric strength tests (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion), the Y-Balance test, and the visual analog scale for perceived ankle instability. Participants were again tested 6 weeks later. We conducted 2 separate, multivariate, repeated-measures analyses of variance, followed by univariate analyses on any significant findings. Results: The resistance-band protocol group improved in strength (dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion) and on the visual analog scale (P < .05); the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group improved in strength (inversion and eversion) and on the visual analog scale (P < .05) as well. No improvements were seen in the triple-crossover hop or the Y-Balance tests for either intervention group or in the control group for any dependent variable (P > .05). Conclusions: Although the resistance-band protocol is common in rehabilitation, the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation strength protocol is also an effective treatment to improve strength in individuals with CAI. Both protocols showed clinical benefits in strength and perceived instability. To improve functional outcomes, clinicians should consider using additional multiplanar and multijoint exercises.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Psychological Profile of Ankle Sprain Between Coper and Chronic Ankle Instability Individuals: Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Babakhanian ◽  
Mohammad Hani Mansori ◽  
Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani ◽  
Homa Naderifar
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to compare the psychological parameters in Coper individuals and people with chronic ankle instability (CAI).Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and comparative study. Sixty elite athletes, from multiple athletic disciplines, who have suffered from lateral ankle sprains at least once in the last two years, were selected as research subjects and were divided into two groups: Copers (n = 30) and CAI (n = 30). Classification of CAI, and coper groups were done by AJFAT, CAIT and FAAM self-report questionnaires. Athletes' psychological characteristics were measured using the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT-3). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and independent t-test were used to evaluate the differences between groups at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed there was a significant difference between the two groups in Goal setting, Self-confidence, Commitment, Relaxation, Fear control and Coping with stress, Focusing, Refocusing, and Mental practice (P <0.05). And Coper athletes scored higher than ankle instability athletes. But there were no significant differences between the two groups in the following parameters: Inactivation, Imagery, and Competition planning skills (P <0.05).Conclusion: The findings showed that athletes with CAI scored lower than Coper athletes on psychological exams. Given the importance of prioritizing the mental components of goal setting, imagery, relaxation, activation, and self-confidence, the design of the competition should be a priority for rehabilitation. Therefore, coaches and sports experts are recommended to focus and improve mental skills in athletes who suffer from sports injuries, to reduce the occurrence of repetitive sports injuries.

Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Scores in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability Following Joint Mobilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan N. Houston ◽  
Patrick O. McKeon ◽  
Matthew C. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Talocrural Joint ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Joint Mobilization ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Ability Measure

Context:Following joint mobilizations, individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have reported increased self-reported function as measured by the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM).Objective:To examine the effect of a 2-week talocrural joint mobilization intervention on individual items of the FAAM in physically active adults with CAI.Participants:Twelve adults with CAI.Intervention:Self-reported function was documented with the FAAM-ADL and FAAM-Sport at preintervention and at 1-week postintervention. The joint mobilization intervention consisted of six treatments over 2 weeks. During each treatment, subjects received 4 minutes of talocrural traction and 8 minutes of Maitland Grade-III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization.Main Outcome Measures:Participants completed the 21-item FAAM-ADL and 8-item FAAM-Sport.Results:Signifcant changes were detected between preintervention and 1-week follow-up measures for “Walking on even ground” (p= 0.06), “Going down stairs” (p= 0.07), “Walking on uneven ground” (p= 0.03), “Light to moderate work” (p= 0.06), “Heavy work” (p= 0.03), “Recreational activity” (p= 0.07), “Landing” (p= 0.03), “Low impact activities” (p= 0.07), and “Cutting” (p= 0.02). No signifcant changes were identifed in the other 20 items (p> 0.10).Conclusion:The fndings suggest talocrural joint mobilization may address specifc mechanical and functional impairments associated with the aforementioned tasks during physical activity.

scholarly journals Discriminating Between Copers and People With Chronic Ankle Instability

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Wikstrom ◽  
Mark D. Tillman ◽  
Terese L. Chmielewski ◽  
James H. Cauraugh ◽  
Keith E. Naugle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Medicine Research

Context: Differences in various outcome measures have been identified between people who have sprained their ankles but have no residual symptoms (copers) and people with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, the diagnostic utility of the reported outcome measures has rarely been determined. Identifying outcome measures capable of predicting who is less likely to develop CAI could improve rehabilitation protocols and increase the efficiency of these measures. Objective: To determine the diagnostic utility and cutoff scores of perceptual, mechanical, and sensorimotor outcome measures between copers and people with CAI by using receiver operating characteristic curves. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-four copers (12 men, 12 women; age = 20.8 ± 1.5 years, height = 173 ± 11 cm, mass = 78 ± 27 kg) and 24 people with CAI (12 men, 12 women; age = 21.7 ± 2.8 years, height = 175 ± 13 cm, mass = 71 ± 13 kg) participated. Intervention(s): Self-reported disability questionnaires, radiographic images, and a single-legged hop stabilization test. Main Outcome Measure(s): Perceptual outcomes included scores on the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), FADI-Sport, and a self-report questionnaire of ankle function. Mechanically, talar position was quantified by measuring the distance from the anterior tibia to the anterior talus in the sagittal plane. Sensorimotor outcomes were the dynamic postural stability index and directional indices, which were calculated during a single-legged hop stabilization task. Results: Perceptual outcomes demonstrated diagnostic accuracy (range, 0.79–0.91), with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 0.65 to 1.00. Sensorimotor outcomes also were able to discriminate between copers and people with CAI but with less accuracy (range, 0.69–0.70), with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 0.37 to 0.86. The mechanical outcome demonstrated poor diagnostic accuracy (0.52). Conclusions: The greatest diagnostic utility scores were achieved by the self-assessed disability questionnaires, which indicated that perceptual outcomes had the greatest ability to accurately predict people who became copers after their initial injuries. However, the diversity of outcome measures that discriminated between copers and people with CAI indicated that the causal mechanism of CAI is probably multifactorial.

scholarly journals Prognosis of Medial Gutter Osteoarthritis Combined with Chronic Ankle Instability

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0018
Author(s):  
Byung-Ki Cho ◽  
Seung-myung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Arthroscopic Debridement ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Modified Broström Procedure ◽  
Arthritic Changes

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Although the frequent intraarticular pathologies associated with recurrent ankle sprains are well known, informations regarding treatment method for arthritic changes in the medial gutter are still insufficient. This study was performed to evaluate the intermediate-term clinical and radiological outcomes following modified Broström procedure and arthroscopic debridement in the middle-aged patients. Methods: Twenty-two patients with medial gutter osteoarthritis related to chronic lateral ankle instability were followed for more than 3 years after surgical treatment. All patients showed medial joint space narrowing of Takakura stage 2. The clinical evaluation consisted of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) for medial ankle pain during walking, and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Results: Mean AOFAS and FAAM scores significantly improved from 51.2 and 45.7 points preoperatively to 80.3 and 78.4 points at final followup, respectively (P < .001). Although mean pain-VAS significantly improved from 6.8 points to 3.5 points (P < .001), 8 patients (36.4%) complained of discomfort at gait with considerable pain ≥ 4 points. There was only 1 patient (4.5%) with recurrent ankle instability, while 6 patients (27.3%) showed a progression in arthritis stage. Conclusion: Modified Broström procedure concomitant with arthroscopic debridement for medial gutter osteoarthritis secondary to chronic ankle instability is not effective enough to treat the medial ankle pain and functional impairment. Alternative treatment strategies for middle-aged cohort with arthritic changes are needed to improve the clinical outcomes and to prevent a progressive osteoarthritis.

Dreierkombination (Thomapyrin®) ist wirksamer bei Kopfschmerzen als Monosubstanzen und Zweierkombination

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 626-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pfaffenrath ◽  
L. Pageler ◽  
H. Peil ◽  
B. Aicher ◽  
H. C. Diener
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Visuelle Analogskala ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Pain Intensity Difference

ZusammenfassungDie Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit einer Einzelgabe von zwei Tabletten der fixen Dreierkombination mit 250 mg Azetylsalizylsäure (ASS) plus 200 mg Paracetamol plus 50 mg Koffein (Thomapyrin®) gegenüber zwei Tabletten mit 500 mg ASS, oder zwei Tabletten mit 500 mg Paracetamol, oder zwei Tabletten mit 50 mg Koffein beziehungsweise Plazebo wurde in einer klinischen Studie an 1 743 Patienten geprüft, die ihre episodischen Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp oder ihre Migräne mit und ohne Aura üblicherweise erfolgreich mit verschreibungsfreien Analgetika behandeln. Die Dreierkombination war im a priori definierten primären Endpunkt “Zeit bis zu 50% Schmerzreduktion” sowohl der Zweierkombination aus ASS plus Paracetamol (p = 0,0181), als auch den Monoanalgetika ASS (p = 0,0398) und Paracetamol (p = 0,0016), sowie auch der Monotherapie mit Koffein (p < 0,0001) und Plazebo (p < 0,0001) überlegen. Alle Behandlungen außer der Koffein-Monotherapie waren der Plazebobehandlung überlegen (p < 0,0001). Die überlegene Wirksamkeit der Dreierkombination gilt auch für alle sekundären Endpunkte wie beispielsweise der “Verringerung der Kopfschmerzen auf 10 mm VAS (visual analog scale = visuelle Analogskala zur Schmerzmessung), dem gewichteten % SPID (sum of pain intensity difference = aufsummierte Schmerzintensitätsdifferenz gegenüber dem Ausgangsschmerz in Prozent), dem Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigung der alltäglichen Aktivitäten und der globalen Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit durch die Patienten. Alle Behandlungen waren gut verträglich, die Inzidenz von unerwünschten Begleiterscheinungen war gering.

Perceived Tension, Movement, and Pleasantness in Harmonic Musical Intervals and Noises

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Costa ◽  
Mattia Nese
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Psychophysical Procedure ◽  
Preliminary Study

Perceived valence, tension, and movement of harmonic musical intervals (from the unison to the octave presented in a low- and high-register) and standard noises (brown, pink, white, blue, purple) were assessed in two studies that differed in the crossmodal procedure by which tension and movement were rated: proprioceptive device or visual analog scale. Valence was evaluated in both studies with the visual analog scale. In a preliminary study, the proprioceptive device was calibrated with a psychophysical procedure. Roughness of the stimuli was included as covariate. Tension was perceived higher in dissonant intervals and in intervals presented in the high register. The higher the high-pitch energy content in the standard noise, the higher the perceived tension. The visual analog scale resulted in higher tension ratings than the proprioceptive device. Perception of movement was higher in dissonant intervals, in intervals in the high register, and in standard noises than in musical intervals. High-pitch spectrum noises were associated with more sense of movement than low-pitch spectrum noises. Consonant intervals and low-register intervals were evaluated as more pleasant than dissonant and high-register intervals. High-pitch spectrum purple and blue noises were evaluated as more unpleasant than low-pitch spectrum noises.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document