Geological framework, basin evolution, hydrocarbon system data and conceptual hydrocarbon plays for the Hudson Bay and Foxe basins, Canadian Arctic

The marine algae of the post-glacial deposits from the Ottawa Islands, Hudson Bay and Broughton Island off East Baffin Island were examined. A total of 15 non-calcareous species were identified, of which the most abundant at both sites were Sphacelaria plumosa and Desmarestia aculeata. The species assemblages are characteristic of present-day arctic and subarctic floras.

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Structural violence and the 1962-1963 tuberculosis epidemic in Eskimo Point, N.W.T.

Études/Inuit/Studies ◽

10.7202/1015983ar ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 165-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frank James Tester ◽

Paule McNicoll ◽

Quyen Tran

Keyword(s):

Structural Violence ◽

Social Systems ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

Social Institutions ◽

The Arctic ◽

Hudson Bay ◽

The Social ◽

Psychological Harm ◽

History Of ◽

Arctic Coast

In the winter of 1962-1963, an epidemic of tuberculosis broke out in Eskimo Point, an Inuit community on the west coast of Hudson Bay in the Canadian Arctic. The outbreak was made possible by bad living conditions, among the worst ever documented in the history of the Canadian Arctic. The epidemic reveals the intersection of social attitudes, the economic logic of a postwar Canadian welfare state, and the difficult transition being made by Inuit moving from tents, igloos, and land-based camps to settlements along the Arctic coast. It is a case of “structural violence” where rules, policies, and social institutions operate in ways that cause physical and psychological harm to people lacking the power and/or resources necessary to changing the social systems and conditions in which they live. Both individuals and entire communities are affected. With regard to past—and present—Inuit housing conditions, we invoke the concept of structural violence to stress the importance of identifying and speaking about public health problems as a violation of internationally recognised human rights.

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A first assessment of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in Hudson Bay and the surrounding eastern Canadian Arctic waters of Nunavut

FACETS ◽

10.1139/facets-2019-0042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 432-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aimee Huntington ◽

Patricia L. Corcoran ◽

Liisa Jantunen ◽

Clara Thaysen ◽

Sarah Bernstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Long Range ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

The Arctic ◽

Long Range Transport ◽

Human Populations ◽

Hudson Bay ◽

Arctic Ecosystems ◽

Range Transport ◽

Eastern Canadian Arctic

Microplastics are a globally ubiquitous contaminant, invading the most remote regions, including the Arctic. To date, our understanding of the distribution and sources of microplastics in the Arctic is limited but growing. This study aims to advance our understanding of microplastics in the Arctic. Surface water, zooplankton, sediment, and snow samples were collected from Hudson Bay to north Baffin Bay onboard the CCGS Amundsen from July to August 2017. Samples were examined for microplastics, which were chemically identified via Raman spectroscopy for surface water and zooplankton and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for sediment. We found that 90% of surface water and zooplankton samples, and 85% of sediment samples, contained microplastics or other anthropogenic particles. Mean anthropogenic particle concentrations, which includes microplastics, were 0.22 ± 0.23 (per litre) for surface water, 3.51 ± 4.00 (per gram) for zooplankton, and 1.94 ± 4.12 (per gram) for sediment. These concentrations were not related to the human populations upstream, suggesting that microplastic contamination in the Arctic is from long-range transport. Overall, this study highlights the presence of microplastics across the eastern Canadian Arctic, in multiple media, and offers evidence of long-range transport via ocean and atmospheric currents. Further research is needed to better understand sources, distribution, and effects to Arctic ecosystems.

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Kennedy Channel Formation: key to the early history of the Franklinian continental margin, central eastern Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e89-098 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1147-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. G. F. Long

Keyword(s):

Canadian Arctic ◽

Basin Evolution ◽

Early Cambrian ◽

Channel Formation ◽

Late Precambrian ◽

The Third ◽

History Of ◽

Diagenetic Facies ◽

Shelf Margin ◽

Water Facies

The Franklinian sequence in the Canadian Arctic Islands may have been initiated by rifting in Late Proterozoic or Early Cambrian times. Unfortunately, no record of this early phase of basin evolution is exposed; the oldest known strata are weakly metamorphosed mudstones, limestones, and sandstones of the Kennedy Channel Formation. Although these have previously been considered late Precambrian in age, the presence of minor trilobite and brachiopod debris indicates an Early Cambrian age, possibly corresponding to a pre-Olenellus trilobite zone. Strata of the Kennedy Channel Formation reflect repeated progradation of shallow-water facies into a slowly subsiding basin that developed in response to subsidence at a late stage of rift development along the Franklinian shelf margin. The first two cycles involve storm- and tide-influenced clastics derived from the Precambrian Shield to the southeast, whereas the third and fourth cycles involve progradation of carbonate ramp and rimmed platform facies. The contact with overlying dolostones of the Ella Bay Formation represents a depositional and diagenetic facies boundary and not an unconformity.

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Diet and foraging ecology of Black Guillemots in northeastern Hudson Bay

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z87-196 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 1257-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. K. Cairns

Keyword(s):

Foraging Ecology ◽

Canadian Arctic ◽

Open Water ◽

Hudson Bay ◽

Boreogadus Saida ◽

Foraging Habitat ◽

Decapod Crustaceans ◽

Cepphus Grylle ◽

Landfast Ice ◽

Eastern Canadian Arctic

I examined diet and foraging habitat selection by Black Guillemots (Cepphus grylle) in the eastern Canadian arctic. Birds fed on fish (Boreogadus saida, Stichaeus punctatus, Eumesogrammus praecisus) and mysid, amphipod, and decapod crustaceans. Guillemots concentrated at landfast ice edges early in the breeding season. Open-water foraging occurred principally in waters 10–30 m deep within 13 km of breeding colonies. Guillemots were aggregated on the water, but their distributions were not correlated with those of schooling prey. Guillemots feeding in open water obtained much of their food on the bottom, but some prey was likely taken during transit to and from the bottom.

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