Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distribution in the Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Kingston ◽  
A Mort ◽  
C Deblonde ◽  
O H Ardakani
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Water Geochemistry ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Montney Formation

The Montney Formation is a highly productive hydrocarbon reservoir that is of great economic importance to Canada, however production is often dogged by the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic and corrosive gas. Mapping H2S distribution across the Montney basin in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is fundamental to understanding the processes responsible for its occurrence. We derive a Montney-specific dataset of well gas and water geochemistry from the publically available archives of the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) and British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission (BCOGC) conducting quality assurance and control procedure before spatial interpolation. Empirical Bayesian Kriging is used to interpolate H2S across the whole Montney basin resulting in maps of H2S from hydrocarbon gas, condensates, and water; along with maps of sulfate and chloride ions in water. These interpolations illustrate the heterogeneous distribution of H2S across the basin with the highest concentrations in the Grande Prairie area along with several other isolated regions. Maps of H2S in gas, condensates, and water exhibit similar trends in H2S concentrations, which with future research may help elucidate the origin of H2S in the Montney.

Comparison of Prompting Techniques to Teach Children With Autism to Ask Questions in the Context of a Conversation

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Swerdan ◽  
Rocío Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Transfer Of Stimulus Control ◽  
Alternating Treatments Design ◽  
Textual Prompts ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Adapted Alternating Treatments Design

An adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare the efficacy of echoic and textual prompts to teach three students with autism (ages 8–15) to ask questions related to two pre-selected topics of conversation. Participants were first required to answer questions related to the topics to determine whether accurate responses were within their repertoire. This was followed by a transfer of stimulus control procedure to teach participants to ask relevant questions to the experimenter on the same topics. Probes with a novel conversation topic were conducted in the natural environment with a peer, and follow-up probes were conducted after training. Results indicate questions taught using an echoic prompt were acquired in fewer trials to criterion than questions taught using a textual prompt for two of the three participants. Limitations and implications for future research will be discussed.

scholarly journals 2-DIMENSIONAL GROUND RESPONSE ANALYSIS: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Norazah Arjuna ◽  
Azlan Adnan ◽  
Nabilah Abu Bakar ◽  
Nabila Huda Aizon ◽  
Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Ground Response ◽  
Ground Response Analysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Seismic Risk Mitigation

Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that is caused by ground shaking in soil. Ground response analysis is conducted to obtain the ground motion acceleration on soil surface. Conventional 1-D ground response analysis often suggests that soils are horizontally layered, with little consideration for heterogeneous distribution of soil properties. In this study, literature on 2-D ground response analysis studies has been study as it covers vertically and horizontally waves. Therefore, researcher works were presented in numerical modelling as substantial parameters for studies in near-surface structure. Besides, aspects for future research in the area 2-Dimensional Ground Response Analysis are included. The paper contributes to the under- standing of 2-Dimensional Ground Response Analysis for the application of seismic risk mitigation.

Local corrosion of martensitic stainless steel in a medium containing chloride ions and hydrogen sulfide

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
I. I. Vasilenko ◽  
M. F. Alekseenko ◽  
G. D. Levitskaya ◽  
A. I. Radkevich ◽  
Z. N. Mukhina
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Local Corrosion

scholarly journals Human sweat monitoring using polymer-based fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taekyung Lim ◽  
Youngseok Kim ◽  
Sang-Mi Jeong ◽  
Chi-Hyeong Kim ◽  
Seong-Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simple Geometry

AbstractLightweight nano/microscale wearable devices that are directly attached to or worn on the human body require enhanced flexibility so that they can facilitate body movement and overall improved wearability. In the present study, a flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) fiber-based sensor is proposed, which can accurately measure the amount of salt (i.e., sodium chloride) ions in sweat released from the human body or in specific solutions. This can be performed using one single strand of hair-like conducting polymer fiber. The fabrication process involves the introduction of an aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution into a sulfuric acid coagulation bath. This is a repeatable and inexpensive process for producing monolithic fibers, with a simple geometry and tunable electrical characteristics, easily woven into clothing fabrics or wristbands. The conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS fiber increases in pure water, whereas it decreases in sweat. In particular, the conductivity of a PEDOT:PSS fiber changes linearly according to the concentration of sodium chloride in liquid. The results of our study suggest the possibility of PEDOT:PSS fiber-based wearable sensors serving as the foundation of future research and development in skin-attachable next-generation healthcare devices, which can reproducibly determine the physiological condition of a human subject by measuring the sodium chloride concentration in sweat.

scholarly journals Reactive Sulfur Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopi K. Kolluru ◽  
Xinggui Shen ◽  
Christopher G. Kevil
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Transsulfuration Pathway ◽  
Reactive Sulfur Species

Hydrogen sulfide has emerged as an important gaseous signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. However, the physiological significance of hydrogen sulfide metabolites such as persulfides, polysulfides, and other reactive sulfur species (RSS) has only recently been appreciated. Emerging evidence suggests that these RSS molecules may have similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with hydrogen sulfide in various biological activities. However, the chemical nature of persulfides and polysulfides is complex and remains poorly understood within cardiovascular and other pathophysiological conditions. Recent reports suggest that RSS can be produced endogenously, with different forms having unique chemical properties and biological implications involving diverse cellular responses such as protein biosynthesis, cell-cell barrier functions, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, CBS (cystathionine beta-synthase) and CSE (cystathionine gamma-lyase), may also produce RSS metabolites besides hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, CARSs (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase) are also able to generate protein persulfides via cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) incorporation into nascently formed polypeptides suggesting a new biologically relevant amino acid. This brief review discusses the biochemical nature and potential roles of RSS, associated oxidative stress redox signaling, and future research opportunities in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Dichotic listening performance and interhemispheric integration after stress exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Berretz ◽  
Julian Packheiser ◽  
Oliver T. Wolf ◽  
Sebastian Ocklenburg
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries

AbstractFunctional hemispheric asymmetries (FHAs) have been thought to be relatively stable over time. However, past research has shown that FHAs are more plastic than initially thought. Endocrinological processes have been demonstrated to alter FHAs. As the product of the stress-activated hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, cortisol influences information processing at every level from stimulus perception to decision making and action. To investigate the influence of acute stress on FHAs, 60 participants performed a Banich–Belger task, as well as a verbal and an emotional dichotic listening task in two sessions. One session included a stress induction via the Trier Social Stress Test, the other session included a control procedure. We calculated across-field advantages (AFAs) in the Banich–Belger task and lateralization quotients for reaction times and responses per side in both dichotic listening tasks. There were no significant differences between the stress and control session in the dichotic listening tasks. In contrast, there was evidence for an influence of cortisol and sympathetic activation indicated by salivary alpha amylase changes on AFAs in the Banich–Belger task. This indicates that acute stress and the related increase in cortisol do not influence dichotic listening performance. However, stress does seem to affect interhemispheric integration of information. Future research using EEG, fMRI and pharmacological interventions is needed to further characterize the relation of hemispheric asymmetries and acute stress.

Microbial and Thermochemical Controlled Sulfur Cycle in the Early Triassic Sediments of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-175
Author(s):  
Mastaneh H. Liseroudi ◽  
Omid H. Ardakani ◽  
Per K. Pedersen ◽  
Richard A. Stern ◽  
James M. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Montney Formation

Pyrite is one of three main sulfur reservoirs and one of the biggest fluxes in the global sulfur cycle. The sulfur isotopic signature of hydrogen sulfide, pyrite, and their parent sulfate is widely used as a proxy for tracking sulfur cycle variations in diagenetic environments. The Early Triassic Montney Formation in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin is characterized by distinct regional variations in pyrite abundance, type, sulfur isotopic signature, and H2S concentrations in natural gas. Two main types of framboidal and crystalline pyrite were identified to have formed during various stages of diagenesis. The wide range of δ34Spyrite values (-34.4 to +57.8‰ V-CDT) demonstrates that the sulfur cycle in the Montney Formation is governed by both microbial and thermochemical processes. The comparison of δ34S of the produced-gas H2S with pyrite, anhydrite, and solid bitumen of the Montney, and underlying and overlying formations suggests a mixture of dominantly in situ and minor migrated H2S with TSR origin in the Montney Formation. The large diagenetic variations in pyrite types and δ34Spyrite values suggest a lack of direct biogeochemical connection to the sulfur cycle and emphasize the importance of careful petrographic observations and micro-scale isotopic analysis of sedimentary units to accurately reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5272484

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