Effects of Female Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle on Postoperative Pain

Menstrual Migraine is divided into 2 subtypes: Menstrually Related Migraine (MRM) and Pure Menstrual Migraines (PMM). In PMM symptoms do not occur outside the menstrual cycle while MRM, symptoms can occur at other times apart from the menstrual cycle. The occurrence of menstrual migraines is related to the female hormones cycle in the form of the decrease in estrogen levels which usually occurs a week before the onset of menstruation. The mechanism is unclear, but it is thought that a decrease in estrogen levels can trigger decrease in serotonin levels, causing cranial vasodilation and sensitization of the trigeminal nerve. Keywords: menstrual migraine, hormones

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Effect of menstrual cycle and female hormones on TRP and TREK channels in modifying thermosensitivity and physiological functions in women

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103029 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103029

Author(s):

Yuki Uchida ◽

Masahiko Izumizaki

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Female Hormones

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The Menstrual Cycle and the Dance Performance

Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts - Scientific Perspectives and Emerging Developments in Dance and the Performing Arts ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4261-3.ch003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 46-67

Author(s):

Bárbara Pessali-Marques

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

The Body ◽

Secondary Effects ◽

Dance Performance ◽

Female Hormones ◽

Physiological Alterations ◽

And Control ◽

Primary Action

The physiological alterations due to the variation in female hormones' concentrations, oestrogen and progesterone, will allow pregnancy or the period to occur. However, this hormone fluctuation across the menstrual cycle phases may affect way more than only the ability to get pregnant. Although the female hormones' primary action is related to the ovum's maturation and implantation, their variation causes many physiological and emotional secondary effects. It is expected that this interaction may, in turn, influence exercise performance, including dance performance; therefore, it is essential to understand better what happens in the body during the menstrual cycle. This understanding may allow better awareness and control of the symptoms, bringing a better quality of life and more remarkable dance performance.

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Does Premedıcatıon wıth Mıdazolam Reduce Preoperatıve Anxıety Through Menstrular Cycle Phases?

Journal of Gynecology Research Reviews & Reports ◽

10.47363/jgrrr/2021(3)127 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Canan Çaldır Yıldız ◽

◽

Fadime Tosun ◽

Buket Çağla Özbakış Akkurt ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Preoperative Anxiety ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Preoperative Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vas Scores ◽

American Society ◽

American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate and compare the effects of menstrual cycle phases on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain scores in patients given midazolam for premedication before anesthesia. Methods: Septorhinoplasty, goiter surgery and laparoscopic cholecystectomy 126 female patients, aged 21-45, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I-II and with regular menstrual cycles, were included. Of the cases; The phase of the menstrual cycle was recorded according to the last menstrual period (SAT) and accordingly the patients were divided into 3 groups as Follicular phase, the Ovulatory phase, and the Luteal phase. Anxiety assessment was performed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI FORM TX-1) test. Anxiety scores were evaluated by performing a preoperative test 3 minutes before and 1 hour after intravenous (IV) administration of 0.02 mg/kg midazolam. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for postoperative pain assessment. Results: Midazolam was found to decrease STAI FORM TX-1 scores the most during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of VAS scores. Conclusion: It has been observed that premedication with midazolam reduces preoperative anxiety in all phases of the menstrual cycle in women of reproductive age, but is most effective in the ovulatory phase. The effect of premedication with midazolam on postoperative pain does not change according to the phases of the menstrual cycle.

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reduce the level of female hormones in women, we would expect a decline of characteristic female behavior. During the menstrual cy-cle, considerable variance in levels of estrogens and progesterone occurs naturally. The effects of high levels could be to stimulate female behavior considered characteristic, and the effects of low levels could be to inhibit it. If this were the case, we could take it for evidence that male-female behavior differences are hormonally in-duced. Variance in critical sex hormones could produce variance in behavior parallel to that still observed between the sexes. During the menstrual cycle progesterone levels and those of key estrogen compounds are at their lowest levels immediately preced-ing onset of menstruation and during the menstrual period itself. While estrogen levels describe a double-peaked curve when graphed over the entire cycle, it is the case that during mid-cycle—near the time of ovulation—one or both of the key hormone compounds is at a high level or is rising to a high level. More "characteristic"

Biopolitics and Gender ◽

10.4324/9780203056301-5 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 146-147

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Menstrual Period ◽

Female Behavior ◽

Female Hormones ◽

Low Levels ◽

High Level

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The Effects of Estradiol on Chronically Damaged Human Fallopian Tubes: A SEM Study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119934 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 648-649

Author(s):

A. Toledo ◽

G. Stoelk ◽

M. Yussman ◽

R.P. Apkarian

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Secretory Cell ◽

Estrogen Therapy ◽

Fallopian Tubes ◽

Cell Surfaces ◽

Proliferative Phase ◽

Cyclic Patterns ◽

Sem Study ◽

The U.S

Today it is estimated that one of every three women in the U.S. will have problems achieving pregnancy. 20-30% of these women will have some form of oviductal problems as the etiology of their infertility. Chronically damaged oviducts present problems with loss of both ciliary and microvillar epithelial cell surfaces. Estradiol is known to influence cyclic patterns in secretory cell microvilli and tubal ciliogenesis, The purpose of this study was to assess whether estrogen therapy could stimulate ciliogenesis in chronically damaged human fallopian tubes.Tissues from large hydrosalpinges were obtained from six women undergoing tuboplastic repair while in the early proliferative phase of fheir menstrual cycle. In each case the damaged tissue was rinsed in heparinized Ringers-lactate and quartered.

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