Revision of the genus <i>Calpurnia</i> (Sophoreae: Leguminosae)

Taxa recognised in this revision are: Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth. subsp. aurea; C. aurea (Aiton) Benth. subsp. indica Brummitt; C. floribunda Harv ; C. glabrata Brummitt; C. intrusa (R.Br in W.T.Aiton) E.Mey.; C. reflexus A.J.Beaumont sp nov.; C. sericea Harv. and C. woodii Schinz. A putative hybrid between C. sericea and C. woodii is recorded. With the exception of C aurea, all species are restricted to southern Africa. C. reflexus is possibly extinct, and C. woodii is considered rare. Characters examined in this revision are habitat, habit, vestiture, leaf morphology and anatomy; floral, pollen, fruit and seed morphology and anatomy; and seedling morphology. Illustrations and a key to taxa are provided.

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Hybridization between Invasive Populations of Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) and Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-09-031.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 369-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sarah M. Ward ◽

Caren E. Fleischmann ◽

Marie F. Turner ◽

Sharlene E. Sing

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Parent Species ◽

Linaria Dalmatica ◽

Yellow Toadflax ◽

Hybrid Plants ◽

Dalmatian Toadflax

AbstractAlthough there is evidence that interspecific hybridization can initiate invasion by nonnative plants, there are few documented examples of novel hybridization events between introduced plant species already exhibiting invasive behavior. We conducted morphometric and molecular analyses of toadflax plants with intermediate morphology found at two sites in Montana, which were co-invaded by yellow toadflax and Dalmatian toadflax. Field-collected putative hybrid plants had intermediate morphometric scores (mean 0.47, on a scale of 0.0 = indistinguishable from Dalmatian toadflax to 1.0 = indistinguishable from yellow toadflax) for a suite of phenotypic traits that differentiate the parent species (leaf length : width ratio, growth form, seed morphology, inflorescence type, and ventral petal shape). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis of a subset of these putative hybrids revealed combinations of species-diagnostic bands, confirming the presence of DNA from both parent species. Controlled interspecific hand-pollinations generated viable first generation (F1) hybrid plants that also had intermediate morphometric scores (mean 0.46) and a mix of species-diagnostic ISSR bands from both parents. The hand-generated F1hybrids crossed readily with both parent species to produce viable first generation backcrossed (BC1) plants. Our results confirm that hybridization is occurring between invasive populations of yellow toadflax and Dalmatian toadflax, and that the hybrid progeny are viable and fertile. This example of hybridization between alien congeners is of concern as the parent taxa are already known to be highly invasive. Further research is needed to assess the invasive potential of hybrid toadflax populations, and the likelihood of introgressive trait transfer between the parent species.

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Seed and seedling morphology of Bauhinia scandens L.

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 3107-3122

Author(s):

Tatiane Sanches Jeromini ◽

◽

Givanildo Zildo Silva ◽

Cibele Chalita Martins ◽

Francisco Guilhien Gomes Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Size Variation ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

X Ray ◽

Internal Structures ◽

Antitumor Properties ◽

Seed Characteristics ◽

Ray Methods ◽

Seed Water Content ◽

Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Bauhinia scandens has potential importance as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Researchers have isolated and identified 1-O-alkylglycerol in the leaves of the B. scandens plant, and established antitumor properties using the Brine Shrimp toxicity test, an internationally accepted bioassay. Although this species has high potential, little is known about the viability of seedling production and the morphology of these plants, particularly in terms of seed characteristics and initial stages of germination. The objective of this study was to characterize the seed morphology, germination, and seedlings of B. scandens. Seed water content, weight, and coloration were evaluated. This study also included a description of seed biometrics, external and internal structures, germination, and seedling morphology. Internal seed morphology was evaluated by the anatomical sectioning and X-ray methods. The morphology data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and germination data were determined using Cramér’s V. B. scandens seeds have a coloration ranging from very dark grayish-red to dark reddish-brown, flat oblong shapes, and rounded bases and apexes with full or slightly undulating margins. Healthy seedlings are produced mainly by seeds with well-formed internal structures. The reddish petiole of the seedling leaves is a taxonomic character for B. scandens identification. The non-domestication and genetic variability of this species reflect on the seed and seedling color and size variation.

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Seed Micromorphology, In Vitro Germination, and Early-Stage Seedling Morphological Traits of Cattleya purpurata (Lindl. & Paxton) Van den Berg

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7110480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 480

Author(s):

Miriam Bazzicalupo ◽

Jacopo Calevo ◽

Martino Adamo ◽

Annalisa Giovannini ◽

Andrea Copetta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Early Stage ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Symbiotic Interaction ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽

Aerodynamic Properties ◽

Seed Micromorphology

In the context of a symbiotic plant-fungus interaction study concerning Cattleya purpurata, we focused on some aspects of seed morphology and biology, and the early stages of seedling development. Seed morphology was characterized using light and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro seed germination capability was evaluated, comparing symbiotic and asymbiotic methods. The morphology of the seeds was overall comparable to that of other congeneric species, showing classical adaptations related to the aerodynamic properties and to the wettability of seeds, but calcium oxalate druses were identified inside the suspensor cells. Asymbiotic seed germination was successful in all tested media (17.1–46.5%) but was higher on 1/2 Murashige & Skoog. During symbiotic interaction with the fungal strain MUT4178 (Tulasnella calospora), germination rate was significantly lower than that obtained with the best three asymbiotic media, suggesting a low fungal compatibility. Seedling morphology was in line with other taxa from the same genus, showing typical characteristics of epiphytic species. Our observations, in particular, highlighted the presence of stomata with C-shaped guard cells in the leaves, rarely found in Cattleyas (where usually they are reniform), and confirm the presence of tilosomes in the roots. Idioblasts containing raphides were observed in both roots and leaves.

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Electrophoretic and morphological differentiation of Piceasitchensis, Piceaglauca, and their hybrids

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-140 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 791-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Francis C. Yeh ◽

J. T. Arnott

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Introgressive Hybridization ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Complete Agreement ◽

Putative Hybrid ◽

Species Classification ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

Bud Set ◽

Morphological Criteria ◽

Terminal Bud

Isozymes and seedling morphology were used to differentiate among nine reforestation seed lots that included three Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr., two Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, and four putative hybrid spruces from the coast–interior zone of reported introgression in British Columbia. Among 18 isozymes, 6 (Adh, Dia-2, Gdh, G6p, 6pg-1, and 6pg-3,) were most useful in separating P. sitchensis and P. glauca. 6pg-1 was the best single criterion to differentiate among the seed lots. Among 10 morphological characteristics, 5 (pattern of terminal bud set when photoperiod was reduced to 15 h, to 14 h 10 min, and to 13 h 25 min, shoot length at end of growing season, and degree of needle serration) were highly variable among seed lots. Pattern of terminal bud set when photoperiod was reduced to 14 h 10 min and degree of needle serration were the two best morphological criteria for seed lot differentiation. Electrophoretic and morphological data were in complete agreement with respect to species classification for the nine seed lots. Such results suggested that isozymes would be useful for taxonomic classification of spruce seed lots collected in areas where introgressive hybridization of P. sitchensis and P. glauca has been reported.

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The SAR1 gene of Arabidopsis acts downstream of the AXR1 gene in auxin response

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.124.8.1583 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 124 (8) ◽

pp. 1583-1591

Author(s):

A. Cernac ◽

C. Lincoln ◽

D. Lammer ◽

M. Estelle

Keyword(s):

Leaf Morphology ◽

Primary Root ◽

Resistant Mutant ◽

Wild Type ◽

Auxin Response ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

Major Function ◽

Root Hair Development ◽

Auxin Resistance ◽

Hair Development

A screen for suppressors of the auxin resistant mutant axr1 in Arabidopsis thaliana has identified at least three second site suppressor loci called Suppressor of Auxin Resistance (SAR). In this study we focus on the SAR1 gene. Previous studies have documented the effects of the axr1 mutations on auxin-inhibition of root growth, auxin-induced gene expression, seedling morphology and aerial morphology. In this study, we show that the axr1 mutations also affect root hair development and epidermal cell length. The sar1-1 mutation suppresses at least partially, every aspect of the axr1 phenotype. Genetic experiments indicate that this suppression is gene specific. When crossed with the auxin-resistant mutant aux1-7, the suppressor has little affect on auxin response. However, the morphology of sar1-1 aux1-7 inflorescences is different from either of the single mutants indicating that both genes play a role in auxin mediated development of the inflorescence. The sar1-1 mutation also affects morphology in an AXR1 background. sar1-1 plants are shorter than wild-type, have altered leaf morphology, flower earlier than wild-type plants and appear to have reduced cell division in the primary root. In most respects sar1-1 axr1 and sar1 AXR1 plants are indistinguishable, indicating that sar1 both suppresses and is epistatic to axr1. Based on these results, we propose that SAR1 acts after AXR1 and that a major function of AXR1 is to relieve SAR1 mediated repression of auxin response.

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