scholarly journals Ixodid ticks on indigenous goats owned by small-scale farmers in four communal grazing areas in South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Bryson ◽  
G.A. Tice ◽  
I.G. Horak ◽  
C.G. Stewart ◽  
B.A.J. Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Indigenous Goats ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Indigenous goats belonging to small-scale farmers in 4 communal grazing areas in South Africa were sampled for ixodid ticks during the period September 1991 to May 1993. Three of these areas were in the North West Province (Rietgat, Madinyane and Bethany), and one in Mpumalanga Province (Geluk). No tick control was practised unless requested by the owners. Seven ixodid tick species, of which the majority were immature ticks, were collected from the goats in North West Province. Amblyomma hebraeum was the most numerous of these, followed by Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Substantially more ticks were collected from goats at Rietgat than at the Madinyane and Bethany grazing areas. Five tick species were collected at Geluk and R. evertsi evertsi comprised more than 95 % of the total population. At Rietgat and Geluk A. hebraeum nymphs were present on goats throughout the year, while most R appendiculatus nymphs were collected during September and October 1991 and most adults during January and February 1992. At both Rietgat and Geluk most immature R. evertsi evertsi were collected from spring to late summer, while adults were present throughout the year.

scholarly journals Ixodid ticks on cattle belonging to small-scale farmers at 4 communal grazing areas in South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Bryson ◽  
G.A. Tice ◽  
I.G. Horak ◽  
C.G. Stewart ◽  
B.J.A. Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Ixodid ticks were collected during the period September 1991 to August 1993 from cattle belonging to small-scale farmers utilising 4 communal grazing areas. Three of these were in North West Province and 1 in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Ten tick species were collected in North West Province and 7 in Mpumalanga. The adults of Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were most numerous in North West Province, while in Mpumalanga Boophilus decoloratus comprised more than 75% of the total population. Amblyomma hebraeum was present on all grazing areas, and heavy infestations of adults occurred during the period October to May on 1 of these. Few B. decoloratus were collected in North West Province, chiefly because the sampling method was inadequate, and most of these were present during early summer (October to December) and late summer and autumn (March to May). The initially low population of B. decoloratus in Mpumalanga increased substantially towards the conclusion of the survey, probably because of the cessation of dipping. Boophilus microplus was present in small numbers on 2 grazing areas in the North West Province. Adult Hyalomma marginatum rufipes reached peak numbers from December to February and Hyalomma truncatum from February to April in the North West Province. Only H. marginatum rufipes was collected in Mpumalanga. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was present on all the grazing areas, with most adults present from December to April. Most adult Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were collected from September to April and Rhipicephalus simus was present during the period October-April.

An Exploratory Study in to the Benefits and Challenges Facing Small-Scale Farmers in the Taung Irrigation Scheme, North West Province, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ekobi ◽  
Lovelyne Mboh
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Made In

This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation scheme. Irrigation schemes have been identified as the backbone in promoting agriculture in South Africa. Nevertheless, literature have shown that very few studies have been conducted on the benefits and challenges facing small-scale farmers in irrigation schemes, there is a need to supplement this gap. The findings contend that Taung irrigation scheme enabled small-scale framers to generate income. Income made in the scheme permitted small-scale farmers to purchase gardening tools such as watering cans, cattle ploughs and hoes to improve productivity. The scheme also provides a platform for farmers to produce more food therefore, a reduction in poverty incidence in the area. However, challenges such as lack of market, absence of institutional structure, farming capital, transport and loss of harvest through theft are affecting farmers on the scheme. Institutional structure is needed since it allows small-scale farmers to make decision regarding management of the scheme.

The seasonal activity of adult ixodid ticks on Angora goats in the south western Orange Free State

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Fourie ◽  
I. G. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Free State ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
The South ◽  
Ixodes Rubicundus ◽  
Angora Goats

Adult ixodid ticks were collected at 2-weekly intervals for a period of 23 consecutive months from 15 to 20 Angora goats on a farm in the south western Orange Free State. A total of 6 ixodid tick species were recovered. Rhipicephalus punctatus was the most abundant and prevalent tick, It was present from spring to late summer. Ixodes rubicundus was the next most abundant tick and was present mainly from March or April to July with peak numbers present in April or May. The onset of this tick's activity appeared to be stimulated by low atmospheric temperatures.

scholarly journals Ectoparasites of dogs belonging to people in resource-poor communities in North West Province, South Africa

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Bryson ◽  
I.G. Horak ◽  
E.W. Höhn ◽  
J.P. Louw
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
North West ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Haemaphysalis Leachi ◽  
Poor Communities

A total of 344 dogs belonging to people in resource-poor communities in North West Province, South Africa, was examined for ectoparasites, and all visible arthropods were collected from the left side of each dog. By doubling these numbers it was estimated that the dogs harboured 14 724 ixodid ticks, belonging to 6 species, 1028 fleas, belonging to 2 species, and 26 lice. Haemaphysalis leachi accounted for 420 and Rhipicephalus sanguineus for 14 226 of the ticks. Pure infestations of H. leachi were present on 14 dogs and of R. sanguineus on 172 dogs. Small numbers of Amblyomma hebraeum, R. appendiculatus, R. evertsi evertsi and R. simus were also collected. The predominance of R. sanguineus accounts for the high prevalence of canine ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) within the survey region, compared to canine babesiosis (Babesia canis), which is transmitted by H. leachi, and is a much rarer disease.

scholarly journals Participatory rural appraisal to investigate constraints in reporting cattle mortalities in the Odi district of North West Province, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Makgatho ◽  
C.M.E. McCrindle ◽  
J.H. Owen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
North West ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
North West Province ◽  
Rural Appraisal

Mortalities in cattle can have severe financial implications for small scale and communal farmers in South Africa. They could also be a measurable indicator for surveillance of animal diseases, such as those listed by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), or diseases included in the regulations of the South African Animal Diseases Act, 1984 (Act 35 of 1984). In order to prevent further mortalities and for accurate surveillance and monitoring of diseases, it is important that farmers participate in the determination of causes of mortality in their cattle. This paper reports on constraints of the reporting diseases to the state veterinary services, the study area being Odi district, in the North West Province. The method that was followed was based on participatory rural appraisal. The selected cattle owners participated in every phase. They were the ones who first spoke to veterinary services about ways to decrease the diseases and mortalities of their cattle. A questionnaire to verify the facts complemented the survey. A total number of 60 farmers were randomly selected from 12 villages. One farmer withdrew, leaving 59 farmers. Most of the farmers in the study were men (n = 55). The area of study was communal and the farming system traditional and extensive. It was suspected that there was a communication problem and this was proven by the results of the research, as 23 farmers were not even aware that mortalities have to be reported by law. The real problem was that causes of death were not being diagnosed because farmers were not aware that a necropsy could give information on the causes of death. Farmers were keen to receive training in elementary necropsy techniques so as to be able to discuss the cause of death of cattle with the state veterinarian.

scholarly journals Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. L. Ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Horak ◽  
Heloise Heyne ◽  
Ali Halajian ◽  
Shalaine Booysen ◽  
Willem J. Smit
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
North West ◽  
Rhipicephalus Evertsi Evertsi

The aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in South Africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. Ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. Ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in Limpopo Province, 2 in Gauteng Province and 1 in North West province. All the ticks were identified by means of a stereoscopic microscope. Horses were infested with 17 tick species, 72.1% with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, 19.4% with Amblyomma hebraeum and 15.6% with Rhipicephalus decoloratus. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was recovered from horses in all nine provinces of South Africa and R. decoloratus in eight provinces. Donkeys were infested with eight tick species, and 81.6% were infested with R. evertsi evertsi, 23.7% with A. hebraeum and 10.5% with R. decoloratus. Several tick species collected from the horses and donkeys are the vectors of economically important diseases of livestock. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi is the vector of Theileria equi, the causative organism of equine piroplasmosis. It also transmits Anaplasma marginale, the causative organism of anaplasmosis in cattle. Amblyomma hebraeum is the vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative organism of heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats, whereas R. decoloratus transmits Babesia bigemina, the causative organism of babesiosis in cattle.

scholarly journals Irrigation Water Value at Small-scale Schemes: Evidence from the North West Province, South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Speelman ◽  
S. Farolfi ◽  
S. Perret ◽  
L. D'haese ◽  
M. D'haese
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Value ◽  
North West Province
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