scholarly journals Prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis and quality of milk on smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Mdegela ◽  
R. Ryoba ◽  
E.D. Karimuribo ◽  
E.J. Phiri ◽  
T. Loken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

A cross sectional study was conducted during October and November 2006 on 69 smallholder dairy farms with lactating cows in Mvomero and Njombe districts Tanzania, to determine the prevalence of mastitis and to assess the milk quality on the study farms. Clinical mastitis was investigated using clinical changes of udder and milk at animal level. Cow-side California Mastitis Test (CMT) and microbiological cultures were used to assess subclinical mastitis at quarter level. Milk quality was determined on bulk milk samples at herd level using alcohol and acidity tests, butter fat content, total solids, ash content as well as Delvotest® for antimicrobial residues. Overall prevalence of clinical mastitis at herd level in both districts was 21.7 % (n = 69). Based on CMT, prevalence of subclinical mastitis at animal level was 51.6 % (n = 91). Prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 35.2 % (n = 91) while for fungal it was 16.7 % (n = 90). Based on CMT results, prevalence of subclinical mastitis at quarter level was 30 % (n = 353), while for bacteria and fungi it was 16 % and 6 % respectively. Contamination of milk with antimicrobial residues was 4.5 % (n =67). The milk quality parameters for most of the milk samples were within acceptable levels. Findings in this study have demonstrated high prevalence of subclinical mastitis that may contribute to low productivity of dairy cattle in both districts. About 20 % of CMT subclinical cases had no involvement of microbial pathogens that suggested the need for minimal interventions with antimicrobial agents. These findings call for use of udder disinfectants and improved milking hygiene as intervention strategies to control mastitis on the smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Assessment of Raw Cow Milk Quality in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Pemba Island Zanzibar, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Gwandu ◽  
H. E. Nonga ◽  
R. H. Mdegela ◽  
A. S. Katakweba ◽  
T. S. Suleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Pemba Island ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Milk quality depends on the physicochemical characteristics, hygienic standards, and nutritional quality; however, animal husbandry practices, unhygienic harvesting and processing, may affect its quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2010 and July 2011 to assess the hygiene of cow milk production environment, raw cow milk physicochemical characteristics, and microbial quality and estimate the prevalence of antimicrobial residues using standard methods in Pemba Island. A total of 98 raw cow milk samples from selected smallholder dairy farms were analyzed, and the judgement on the quality used the East African Standards. Generally, the milk production chain was done under the unhygienic condition, and dirty plastic containers were used for collection and storage of milk under room temperature. Some milk samples had abnormal colour (2.1%), abnormal smell (7.1%), and pH below normal (35.7%), clotted on alcohol test (9.2%), and had the specific gravity below normal (13.3%). All the milk samples had mineral contents within the recommended range. Milk samples with butterfat below normal were 29.6%, while 14.3% had total solids below recommended values. The mean total viable count (TVC) of milk container surfaces was9.7±10.5 log CFU/100 cm2, while total coliform count (TCC) was7.8±8.5 log CFU/100 cm2. Up to 55.1% of milk had TVC beyond the recommended levels. The milk mean TVC was11.02±11.6 log CFU/ml and TCC was6.7±7.3 log CFU/ml. Up to 26.5% of milk samples had the TCC beyond levels. Results on physicochemical characteristics and nutritional analysis show that the raw cow milk in Pemba Island is of inferior quality. Microbiological results of this study imply heavy contaminations of milk. Antimicrobial residues were detected in 83% of the samples and most of them were from Wete District. Unhygienic milk production chain accelerates microbial contaminations, and antimicrobial residues in milk are a big problem that needs urgent attention from the responsible authority.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Southeast Brazil

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2089
Author(s):  
Aline Callegari Silva ◽  
Richard Laven ◽  
Nilson Roberti Benites
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors for clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Brazil. A prospective, repeated cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2018 and June 2019 on 10 smallholder dairy farms. Potential risk factors for subclinical and clinical mastitis at the herd and cow level were recorded through interviewing the owner and by observation. A combination of clinical udder examination and the Tamis (screened mug with a dark base) test (Tadabras Indústria e Comércio de Produtos Agrovetereinário LTDA, Bragrança Paulista, SP, Brazil) were applied to observe clinical mastitis, and the California Mastitis Test (Tadabras Indústria e Comércio de Produtos Agrovetereinário LTDA, Bragrança Paulista, SP, Brazil) was used to determine subclinical mastitis. A total of 4567 quarters were tested, 107 (2.3%) had clinical mastitis, while 1519 (33.2%) had subclinical mastitis. At the cow level, clinical mastitis risk was highest in mid-lactation (50–150 days in milk) with OR 2.62 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.03–6.67, while subclinical mastitis was highest in late lactation (> 150 days in milk) with OR 2.74 (95% CI 2.05–3.63) and lower in primiparous (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.71) than multiparous cows. At the herd level, using dry-cow treatment (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.42–12.62) was associated with an increased risk of clinical mastitis. Milking clinical (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24–0.56) and subclinical cases last (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.47) and cleaning the milking parlor regularly (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15–0.46) had decreased odds for subclinical mastitis, while herds with optimized feed had greater odds (OR 9.11, 95% CI 2.59–31.9). Prevalence of clinical mastitis was at its lowest at the first visit in June/July and highest at the last visit in April/June (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.93–7.52). Subclinical mastitis also presented increased odds in the last visit (OR 2.62, 95% CI 2.0–3.36). This study has identified some risk factors for mastitis on smallholder farms but further research on more farms across more areas of Brazil is required to develop a targeted mastitis control program for smallholder farms.

Clinical and subclinical mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania: Risk, intervention and knowledge transfer

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Karimuribo ◽  
J.L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
C.E. Bell ◽  
E.S. Swai ◽  
D.M. Kambarage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Herd-level factors for Brucella seropositivity in cattle reared in smallholder dairy farms of Zimbabwe

2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Matope ◽  
E. Bhebhe ◽  
J.B. Muma ◽  
A. Lund ◽  
E. Skjerve
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

scholarly journals Application of statistical process control for monitoring bulk tank milk somatic cell count of smallholder dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2429-2435
Author(s):  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Chalutwan Sansamur ◽  
Tawatchai Singhla ◽  
Paramintra Vinitchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Background and Aim: Consistency in producing raw milk with less variation in bulk tank milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is important for dairy farmers as their profit is highly affected by it in the long run. Statistical process control (SPC) is widely used for monitoring and detecting variations in an industrial process. Published reports on the application of the SPC method to smallholder farm data are very limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the capability of the SPC method for monitoring the variation of BMSCC levels in milk samples collected from smallholder dairy farms. Materials and Methods: Bulk tank milk samples (n=1302) from 31 farms were collected 3 times/month for 14 consecutive months. The samples were analyzed to determine the BMSCC levels. The SPC charts, including the individual chart (I-chart) and the moving range chart (MR-chart), were created to determine the BMSCC variations, out of control points, and process signals for each farm every month. The interpretation of the SPC charts was reported to dairy cooperative authorities and veterinarians. Results: Based on a set of BMSCC values as well as their variance from SPC charts, a series of BMSCC data could be classified into different scenarios, including farms with high BMSCC values but with low variations or farms with low BMSCC values and variations. Out of control points and signals or alarms corresponding to the SPC rules, such as trend and shift signals, were observed in some of the selected farms. The information from SPC charts was used by authorities and veterinarians to communicate with dairy farmers to monitor and control BMSCC for each farm. Conclusion: This study showed that the SPC method can be used to monitor the variation of BMSCC in milk sampled from smallholder farms. Moreover, information obtained from the SPC charts can serve as a guideline for dairy farmers, dairy cooperative boards, and veterinarians to manage somatic cell counts in bulk tanks from smallholder dairy farms.

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