scholarly journals William Horner Andrews (1887–1953) – First Professor of Physiology at Onderstepoort

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Verwoerd ◽  
W. J. H. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Royal Veterinary College ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Veterinary Laboratory

WHAndrews qualified as a veterinarian in London in 1908 and was recruited soon after, in 1909, by Sir Arnold Theiler to join the staff of the newly established veterinary laboratory at Onderstepoort. After initial studies on the treatment of trypanosomosis and on snake venoms he was deployed by Theiler in 1911 to start research on lamsiekte (botulism)at a field station on the farm Kaffraria near Christiana, where he met and married his wife Doris. After a stint as Captain in the SA Veterinary Corps during World War I he succeeded D T Mitchell as head of the Allerton Laboratory in 1918, where he excelled in research on toxic plants, inter alia identifying Matricaria nigellaefolia as the cause of staggers in cattle.Whenthe Faculty ofVeterinary Science was established in 1920 he was appointed as the first Professor of Physiology. After the graduation of the first class in 1924, and due to health problems, he returned to the UK, first to the Royal Veterinary College and then to the Weybridge Veterinary Laboratories of which he became Director in 1927.After his retirement in 1947 he returned to South Africa as a guest worker at Onderstepoort where he again became involved in teaching physiologywhenProf. Quin unexpectedly died in 1950. Andrews died in Pretoria in 1953 and was buried in the Rebecca Street Cemetery.

scholarly journals Robert Le Rossignol, 1884–1976: Engineer of the ‘Haber’ process

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deri Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
High Power ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Fritz Haber

In March 1908, the BASF at Ludwigshafen provided financial support to Fritz Haber in his attempt to synthesize ammonia from the elements. The process that now famously bears his name was demonstrated to BASF in July 1909. However, its engineer was Haber's private assistant, Robert Le Rossignol, a young British chemist from the Channel Islands with whom Haber made a generous financial arrangement regarding subsequent royalties. Le Rossignol left Haber in August 1909 as BASF began the industrialization of their process, taking a consultancy at the Osram works in Berlin. He was interned briefly during World War I before being released to resume his occupation. His position eventually led to His Majesty's Government formulating a national policy regarding released British internees in Germany. After the war Le Rossignol spent his professional life at the GEC laboratories in the UK, first making fundamental contributions to the development of high-power radio transmitting valves, then later developing smaller valves used as mobile power sources in the airborne radars of World War II. Through his share of Haber's royalties, Le Rossignol became wealthy. In retirement, he and his wife gave their money away to charitable causes.

scholarly journals The UK-US Game and UK's Return to Gold Standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Zheming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

<p>With the continuous development and evolution of the United States, especially the economic center shift after World War II, the United States become the economic hegemon instead of the UK and thus it seized the economic initiative of the world. After the World War I, the European countries gradually withdraw from the gold standard. In order to stabilize the world economy development and the international economic order, the United States prepared to build the economic system related with its own interests so as to force the UK to return to the gold standard. The game between the United States and the UK shows the significance of economic initiative. Among them, the outcome of the two countries in the fight of the financial system also demonstrates a significant change in the world economic system.</p>

scholarly journals ‘Enemy Aliens’ in Wartime: Civilian Internment in South Africa during World War I

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Manz ◽  
Tilman Dedering
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War

2. Origins

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-29
Author(s):  
Dan Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
South West Africa

‘Origins’ traces the concentration camp’s origins in 19th- and early 20th-century colonial settings in Australia, the United States, Cuba, South Africa, and German South-West Africa (today Namibia), and in the Armenian genocide at the end of the Ottoman Empire. By studying the early concentration camps, we can understand how and why the camps emerged when they did, and clarify the links and differences between them and the fascist and communist concentration camps of the mid-20th century. European racism, military culture, more rapid forms of communication, and increasingly available print media all contributed to the global diffusion of concentration camp concept, which by the end of World War I became accepted as a technique of rule.

Occupational psychology in the UK Ministry of Defence

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Joanna Harvey
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Occupational Psychology ◽  
Military Systems ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military

Psychologists first became prominent within the Armed Forces largely as a result of their contributions to military systems, operations and personnel during the First and Second World Wars. In the early years of the 20th century, as psychology was becoming a profession in its own right, its association with the military arose within the emerging concept of ‘shellshock’ during World War I and supporting selection activities in World War II. There are approximately 25 occupational psychologists currently employed within the Ministry of Defence (MoD), operating across all branches of the MoD, within the department of the Chief of Defence Personnel, the UK Defence Academy and a small number at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. The aim of this paper is to discuss the history and current application of occupational psychology within the UK MoD.

scholarly journals Robin Ralph Jamison, 12 July 1912 - 18 March 1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 171-194
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War I ◽  
South African ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
The University

Robin Ralph Jamison (RRJ) was born in Horsham, Sussex, on 12 July 1912. He was the third of four brothers born to Reginald Jamison and Eanswythe Elstreth Heyworth. Two large family portraits of RRJ’s maternal grandparents have always adorned the hall of RRJ’s residence in Bristol, and two senior test pilots from the same Heyworth family served Rolls- Royce at Hucknall for many years. Both RRJ’s father and his grandfather were medical practitioners and, at one time, it was thought that RRJ too would follow them into the profession. During World War I RRJ’s father, Reginald, served in White Russia, where he developed asthma from which he subsequently suffered badly. In consequence, on his return to the UK he was advised to move to a warmer, drier climate. Thus in 1921 the whole Jamison family moved to South Africa, where Reginald set up practice in Cape Town. For the most part the family took to their new life happily enough, although RRJ’s mother found herself homesick for the country of her birth. This manifested itself in a desire to see all her boys educated in the UK. In the event, the two elder brothers, Peter and Antony, went to Dartmouth and subsequently joined the Navy, and the youngest, Ivor, also went to school in Britain. He was later taken prisoner when Tobruk surrendered to Rommel. RRJ turned out to be the only one of the four to be educated entirely in South Africa. This was mostly because, from an early age, he suffered from very poor eyesight. From the Diocesan College, Rondebosch, Cape, he moved to the South African College in Cape Town and, finally, to the University of Cape Town in 1929. He was a bright child academically and was only 16 when he was accepted for university.

Turing and the origins of digital computers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Randell
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Alan Turing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World

In this chapter I describe my initial attempts at investigating, during the early 1970s, what Alan Turing did during the Second World War. My investigations grew out of a study of the work of Charles Babbage’s earliest successors—in particular, the Irish pioneer Percy Ludgate—a study that led me to plan an overall historical account of the origins of the digital computer. The investigation resulted in my learning about a highly secret programmable electronic computer developed in Britain during the Second World War. I revealed that this computer was named Colossus, and had been built in 1943 for Bletchley Park, the UK government’s wartime codebreaking establishment. However, my attempt to get the details of the machine declassified were unsuccessful, and I came to the conclusion that it might be a long time before anything more would become public about Bletchley Park and Colossus. Around 1970, while I was seeking information about the work of Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace to use in my inaugural lecture at Newcastle University, I stumbled across the work of Percy Ludgate. In a paper he wrote about Babbage’s ‘automatic calculating engines’, Ludgate mentioned that he had also worked on the design of an Analytical Engine, indicating that he had described this in an earlier paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society.From a copy of that paper I learned that an apparently completely forgotten Irish inventor had taken up and developed Babbage’s ideas for what would now be called a program-controlled mechanical computer. Previously I had subscribed to the general belief that over a century had passed before anyone had followed up Babbage’s pioneering 1837 work on Analytical Engines. This discovery led me to undertake an intensive investigation of Ludgate, the results of which I published in the Computer Journal. With the help of a number of Irish librarians and archivists I managed to find out quite a few details about the tragically short life of this Irish accountant, and even to make contact with one of his relatives. Unfortunately, I found nothing more about his design for a paper-tapecontrolled analytical machine beyond what was given in his 1909 paper. My investigations into the background to Ludgate’s work left me with a considerable amount of information on pre-computer technology and on other little-known successors to Babbage.

scholarly journals Unwritten History: African Work in the YMCA of South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
David Anthony
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War I ◽  
South African ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Male Voice ◽  
World War ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Written Word

In mid-1995, walking out of the door of my house, I received a telephone call. On the other end of the line was a distinct, well-spoken, but clearly faraway male voice. The man introduced himself, saying:My name is Vusi Kaunda, calling from Johannesburg, South Africa. I recently read an article you wrote about the YMCA, referring to events that took place some 75 years ago. I have been working for the South African YMCA for 10 years and I never knew anything about all this. Where did you get your information?Conditions did not permit us to take this conversation to its logical conclusion. I was on the way to conduct a history class; we had clearly connected at an inconvenient time. But that verbal exchange has stayed on my mind ever since. It demonstrated the power of the written word to connect people separated by thousands of miles, yet discover that they have a common purpose. Ours is to tell the story of the African voice in a new inclusive historiography of South Africa's Young Men's Christian Association.My discovery of the YMCA of South Africa came as a result of researching the life of Max Yergan, an African-American YMCA Secretary who, representing the “jim crow” “Colored Work” Department of a segregated North American YMCA, entered the Union of South Africa after considerable opposition, on the second day of January 1922. This was Yergan's third overseas posting and second African assignment, the first being in Kenya, and then Tanganyika during the East Africa campaign of World War I. He had joined the YMCA as a Shaw University sophomore in Raleigh, North Carolina in 1911, rapidly rising in its ranks to become a national figure in their Black “Y” network. Yergan became the third “non-white” YMCA Traveling Secretary in South Africa and the first to attempt to do so on a full-time basis, succeeding J. K. Bokwe and D. D. T. Jabavu.

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