scholarly journals Is there a need to audit CVM applications to the environment?

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
S Hosking
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Environmental Goods And Services

It is well known to economists that the contingent valuation method (CVM) fills an important gap in valuation technology with respect to managing public environmental goods and services.   Currently acceptable CVM practice requires many challenging steps to be followed.  One of these important steps is that of assessing the theoretical validity of the household willingness to pay (WTP) finding, but it is far from being a sufficient basis for reaching conclusions as to the credibility predicted community willingness to pay for environmental services.  This paper reviews the step of testing for theoretical validity and challenges its importance relative to other more fundamental assessments of the credibility of the predicted household and societal WTP.  This paper then deduces that an external ‘audit’ assessment may be necessary, in addition to an internal one, for these values to attain credibility in the determination of public choices.

scholarly journals WILLINGNESS TO PAY IN KUBAH NATIONAL PARK AND MATANG WILDLIFE CENTRE: A CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Afiza Abu Bakar ◽  
Alias Radam ◽  
Zaiton Samdin ◽  
Mohd Rusli Yacob
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Non Market Valuation

National Park is an important component in the protected area system, and plays a key role in the tourism industry, precisely through ecotourism. Since its inception, the national park concept has been defined in different ways, but it is often connected with the idea of conservation and preservation of the nature and its ecosystems. Having the challenges in the determination of the value (price) of the non-market goods and services, non-market valuation techniques such as Contingent Valuation Method and Choice Experiment have been developed to cater the issues in valuing environmental goods. This study seeks to study on the association of ecotourism as a segment of tourism in Malaysia. However, the scope of this study is limited to the valuation of ecotourism of NPs in Malaysia, particularly in Kubah National Park, Sarawak. Data were obtained using questionnaires from face-to face interviews. A sample of 618 respondents, comprising of visitors and non-visitors (Kuching residents) were involved in the study.Keywords: Willingness to Pay; Kubah National Park; Ecotourism; Contingent Valuation Method; Entrance Fees.

scholarly journals Incentive Compatible Referenda and the Valuation of Environmental Goods

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura O. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Hypothetical Bias ◽  
The Real ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Valuation Method

Recent attempts to test the validity of the contingent valuation method have relied on laboratory-type experiments. In these experiments, willingness to pay responses in hypothetical choice experiments are compared with responses from choice experiments requiring actual payments. Often evidence of hypothetical bias is found. Critical for these experimental tests of hypothetical surveys is that the methodology used to elicit willingness to pay from subjects in the real-payment experiment be demand revealing. If it is not, then differences in responses to hypothetical and real valuation questions could be due to free-riding in the real-payment survey and not due to hypothetical bias in the hypothetical survey. This paper reports on experiments that implement a theoretically incentive-compatible revelation mechanism (a closed referendum) to elicit responses to valuation questions in both hypothetical and real experiments. As in earlier studies, evidence of an upward hypothetical bias is found.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF HERITAGE TOURISM AT OLD TOWN AREA SURABAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muryani Muryani
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Town Area

AbstractThis study is an application of cultural heritage valuation using non-market methods. Contingent Valuation Method used to measure the amount of economic value by estimating willingness to pay from Surabaya residents. The economic value of the Old Town Area of Surabaya if there were improvementanddevelopment of heritage tourism is Rp. 1.471.764 billion.This value is greater than before improvement and development that is only Rp. 3.914.892.240. Multinomial logit regression was used to identify factors that affect the interest to visit and willingness to pay for the respondent. Results indicates that age, education, income, and knowledge significantly influence the interest to visit and willingness to pay. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the development of heritage tourism, having regard to the determination of stakeholder and policy priorities.The method used in the determination of stakeholder and policy priorities is the Analytic Hierarchy Process.Overall, the use of three methods provide complete results so it can be a reference in the field of cultural heritage research and advice in the development of heritage tourism, especially in the old city area of Surabaya.Keywords: economic valuation, multinomial logistic regression, contingent valuation method, analythical hierarchy process.

Use and Nonuse Values for Conserving Endangered Species: The Case of the Mediterranean Monk Seal

10.1068/a348 ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2219-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H Langford ◽  
Mihalis S Skourtos ◽  
Areti Kontogianni ◽  
Rosemary J Day ◽  
Stavros Georgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Existence Values ◽  
Nonuse Values ◽  
The Mediterranean

The contingent valuation method is often used for valuing environmental goods which have nonuse as well as direct-use values. However, it is often not clear how respondents to a contingent valuation survey allocate values when asked for willingness-to-pay amounts. In this paper, we investigate use and nonuse values for the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), an endangered species, by using a survey conducted in Mytilene, on the island of Lesvos, Greece. Using factor analysis of the survey we found five factors which described respondents' attitudes towards conserving the monk seal, which were labelled protection, moral responsibility, ambivalence, limited resources, and tourist potential. Multilevel modelling was then used to compare willingness-to-pay responses with attitudinal and sociodemographic variables. The results suggest that willingness to pay for use, option, and existence values are predicted by different attitudinal variables.

Reliability and Validity of the Contingent Valuation Method for Estimating Willingness to Pay: A Case of In Vitro Fertilisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Nalukwago Settumba ◽  
Marian Shanahan ◽  
Willings Botha ◽  
Muhammad Zulilhaam Ramli ◽  
Georgina Mary Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Valuation Method

scholarly journals Paying the price to solve fisheries conflicts in Brazil’s Marine Protected Areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Lopes ◽  
Sebastian Villasante
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Fernando De Noronha

Ecosystems services (ES) provide food and recreation to humans, but are fast being degraded. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been proposed as a way to protect some of these ES, but decisions regarding what gets protection and what gets consumed can be a source of conflicts. One such example is the Fernando de Noronha MPA (Brazil), where there is a conflict between shark-directed tourism and fishers who would like to access the no-take part of the MPA during part of the year. A contingent valuation method (Willingness to Pay) was used to ascertain if tourists would accept compensating fishers for not disturbing the sharks during a specific period of the year, by adding a symbolic increase in the taxes they already pay to either visit the island or to visit the no-take part of the MPA. Tourists were open to this alternative (67-71%), regardless of the fee being paid. However, there was a slight tendency to reject the fee when the tourists saw sharks during their stay, suggesting that a closer contact with these animals triggered a less sympathetic attitude towards fishers, probably because they start seeing fishers as wrongdoers, even if this is the worst choice for conservation. Although such a hypothetical payment was easily accepted by the majority of the tourists and could represent an affordable solution to conflicts, convincing those who reject such social compensation, especially if based on an irrational choice, would be an important step for sharks and for the MPA as a whole.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH MELALUI RETRIBUSI SEKTOR PARIWISATA (Studi Kasus Kawasan Wisata Dataran Tinggi Dieng Kabupaten Wonosobo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Reni Novianti ◽  
Lukman M. Baga ◽  
A. Faroby Falatehan
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Valuation Method

Kabupaten Wonosobo memiliki potensi pada sektor pariwisata, salah satunya objek wisata Dataran Tinggi Dieng. Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang berpotensi memberikan kontribusi terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Akan tetapi, kontribusi PAD Wonosobo dalam pembiayaan belanja daerah kurang dari 15 persen. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kondisi objek wisata terhadap beberapa atribut dengan menggunakan analisis IPA; mengestimasi nilai willingness to pay pengunjung dengan menggunakan Contingent Valuation Method (CVM); serta merumuskan strategi peningkatan PAD Kabupaten Wonosobo melalui peningkatan retribusi objek wisata Dataran Tinggi Dieng dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil analisis IPA menunjukkan atribut kondisi jalan menuju kawasan wisata, kebersihan, pelayanan, promosi, penanganan keluhan pengunjung, kemacetan, tempat pembuangan sampah, fasilitas toilet dan musholla menjadi prioritas utama untuk diperbaiki. Sedangkan dari hasil analisis CVM diperoleh nilai WTP sebesar Rp16 513 per orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut serta hasil wawancara yang telah dilakukan, dapat teridentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menjadi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman yang dituangkan dalam matriks SWOT. Terdapat lima strategi yang berperan dalam peningkatan retribusi objek wisata dataran tinggi dieng yaitu: 1) Meningkatkan kerjasama dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan sumberdaya wisatayang memiliki daya tarik; 2) Membangun sistem yang terintegrasi; 3) membangun dan memperbaiki sarana dan fasilitas umum; 4) memperbaiki akses menuju objek wisata; dan 5) merumuskan peraturan yang mengatur tentang pariwisata, pengelolaan objek wisata beserta elemen-elemennya.

scholarly journals Assessing the Preservation of Parks and Natural Protected Areas: A Review of Contingent Valuation Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4784 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Halkos ◽  
Aikaterini Leonti ◽  
Eleni Sardianou
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Protest Responses

The existence of parks is particularly important and offers many benefits both to the environment and to humans. Parks are recreational spaces, which contribute to the improvement of the microclimate, reduce atmospheric pollution and protect biodiversity. Their importance for the urban environment is even greater because they offer pure oxygen to the city and people feel close to nature in them. The aim of this study is to review studies which took place globally as well as in Greece, relying on the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for parks. The reason that this method is used is the valuation of non-market goods and services through the development of a hypothetical market. Additionally, a distinction is made among previous empirical studies depending on the nature of the parks and the country where the survey was conducted, while the disadvantages that must be considered from the use of Contingent Valuation Method are mentioned. According to the findings of the literature review, studies using Contingent Valuation in Greece, particularly in the case of urban parks, are limited. As far as we know, the valuation of existing urban parks has not yet been studied, so this could be a field for further research. The economic valuation of parks in a country like Greece, which suffered with the financial crisis, can lead to conclusions about the value that citizens attribute to parks and the identification of possible protest responses.

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