scholarly journals The political economy of capital gains taxation in South Africa - Part II: The public choice of capital gains taxation and public policy

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-253
Author(s):  
Zane A. Spindler
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
The Political ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Public

Public Finance and Public Choice principles are used to analyze the ideological and practical basis for the proposed introduction of a Capital Gains Tax into the income tax system of South Africa. The paper concludes that this is a flawed tax whose time has passed - especially for countries like South Africa.

scholarly journals The political economy of capital gains taxation in South Africa - Part I: The public finance of capital gains taxation

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Zane A. Spindler
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
The Political ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Public

Public Finance and Public Choice principles are used to analyze the ideological and practical basis for the proposed introduction of a Capital Gains Tax into the income tax system of South Africa. The paper concludes that this is a flawed tax whose time has passed - especially for countries like South Africa.

scholarly journals Capital gains tax in South Africa: Perceptions of fairness?

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Maroun ◽  
David Coldwell ◽  
Magda Turner
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceptions Of Fairness ◽  
Self Interest

Regulatory developments are often presented as being in the public interest but recent studies on corporate governance have suggested otherwise. In some cases, regulatory change is driven more by the self-interest of the political elite than by the need for substantive reform. This paper adds to this debate by considering whether capital gains tax (CGT) in South Africa is an example of a genuine attempt to improve the perceived fairness of the tax system or whether perceptions of fairness are being used simply to further political agendas. The paper concludes that the latter may be the case. South Africa is used as a case study because of the fairly recent introduction of CGT, as an example of a material amendment to tax policy, and because of the country’s fairly recent transition to democracy.

scholarly journals Exploring the South African tax consequences of a residential property lottery

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke De Lange ◽  
Danielle Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
The South ◽  
Residential Properties

Background: Disposing of a residential property by way of a lottery sounds peculiar, but a number of these transactions relating to residential properties in South Africa have recently taken place. As this is not an ordinary way of disposing of and acquiring residential property, it is submitted that it is necessary to explore the tax consequences resulting from such a transaction. Aim: The objective of this article is to explore some of the most pertinent South African tax consequences of such a residential property lottery transaction, from the viewpoint of the owner (‘seller’) who disposes of the residential property and the winner (‘purchaser’) who acquires the residential property in terms of the lottery. Setting: This article examines existing literature in a South African income tax environment to explore the tax consequences resulting from a disposal and acquisition of residential property by way of a lottery. Methods: A non-empirical study, which entails the study of the various South African tax provisions and an application thereof to the facts of the lottery transaction, was conducted. A doctrinal research approach was followed within the realm of exploratory research. Results: Disposing of and acquiring residential property by way of a lottery results in a number of actual tax consequences, as well as a number of uncertainties regarding taxes (referred to as uncertain considerations). Conclusion: The conclusion is reached that the possible tax consequences of such a transaction can create tax risks or can result in unintended tax consequences relating to inter alia income tax (including capital gains tax), transfer duty and donations tax. The insights provided in this article do not always result in conclusive answers but they may, however, result in further research to be conducted, and a number of such areas for further research were identified. Should residential property lottery transactions occur more frequently in South Africa in future, it is recommended that the South African Revenue Services (SARS) issues clear guidance on the tax treatment from the perspective of the owner and the winner of such a transaction to ensure that any uncertainties are dealt with correctly.

scholarly journals Downsizing property among the older generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mclaughlan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Phase Out

New Zealand experiences widespread intergenerational housing inequalities. Millennials are far less likely than previous cohorts to access affordable housing and to own property. Large dwellings which are often more suited to young and expanding families are arguably underutilised by the older generation. Retirees are living longer and often stay in homes that they have lived in for most of their lives. This is exacerbated by distortions in our tax system which leave owner-occupied housing free from a capital gains tax. One way to phase out this generational discrepancy is motivating older generations to move to smaller homes towards the end of their life cycle. This would free up larger properties for first home buyers and ensure that retirees live in more suitable dwellings.

Conclusion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antina von Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Central Task ◽  
Liberation Struggle

This chapter concludes that the book has explored the political terrain in postapartheid South Africa, where infrastructure and administration had for decades been central political arenas in which much of the urban struggle unfolded. In particular, it has examined how producing liberal democracy, including the constitutive splits between the public and the private and the political and the administrative, became a central task of the postapartheid state, one that has always been prone to failure and contestation from multiple directions. The book has outlined the contours of this techno-political terrain beginning in the late-apartheid period when infrastructure and action on the administrative terrain became a central feature of the antiapartheid struggle. In conclusion, it considers how, in the postapartheid period, many of the questions that animated the liberation struggle are often continually being negotiated and re-articulated in a variety of spaces.

Das Gemeindesteuersystem erneut auf dem Prüfstand. Ökonomische Bewertung der Erfolgsaussichten einer modifizierten Variante des Reformmodells der Stiftung Marktwirtschaft

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Döring
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Government Finance ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Local Government Finance ◽  
German Cities

AbstractIn Germany, the current situation of local government finance is still worrying. Up to now, all political attempts to reform the German local tax system fundamentally led to no satisfying result. For this reason, new reform initiatives gain particular attention in scientific and political discussion. Against this background, the paper examines the proposal for reform of the existing local tax system presented by Stiftung Marktwirtschaft. By highlighting public finance characteristics of economically reasonable local government finances as well as public choice characteristics of a politically successful reform, it will be shown that within some small but important modifications the proposal of Stiftung Marktwirtschaft is in a position to solve local government finance problems in a durable manner. This result is consecuted by an empirical simulation of the fiscal effects for all German local authorities. The fiscal simulation demonstrates that more then ninety percent of German cities and municipalities will gain from a political implementation of the proposal for reform.

E-Government in the Context of State Reform in Brazil

2011 ◽  
pp. 98-115
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Ruediger
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Tax System ◽  
State Reform ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
State Restructuring

In this chapter, we examine key elements of state reform and the importance of e-government as a tool for increased civic participation and effectiveness. Brazil is taken as an example. We outline the political process behind state reform in Brazil and the importance of e-government in this construction. The successful case of the income-tax system and the problem of the digital divide are briefly discussed. Finally, we conclude considering the possibility of a civic participation strategy in the promotion of a sustainable process of state restructuring.

11. Taxation of trusts and settlements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Wright ◽  
Clare Firth ◽  
Lucy Crompton ◽  
Helen Fox ◽  
Frances Seabridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Inheritance Tax

Settlements may be created by settlors in their lifetime, or by will, or they may arise under the intestacy rules. This chapter considers the tax implications of such settlements from the perspective of both the trustees and the beneficiaries. It considers each of the three main taxes separately: inheritance tax, capital gains tax, and income tax.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Redistribution Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 519-541
Author(s):  
Luna Bellani ◽  
Heinrich Ursprung
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The Public ◽  
Generic Models ◽  
Redistribution Policy ◽  
Choice Analysis ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

The authors review the literature on the public-choice analysis of redistribution policies. They restrict the discussion to redistribution in democracies and focus on policies that are pursued with the sole objective of redistributing initial endowments. Since generic models of redistribution in democracies lack equilibria, one needs to introduce structure-inducing rules to arrive at a models whose behavior realistically portrays observed redistribution patterns. These rules may relate to the economic relationships, political institutions, or to firmly established preferences, beliefs, and attitudes of voters. The chapter surveys the respective lines of argument in turn and then present the related empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Measurement of Effectiveness of Personal Income Tax in the Tax System of the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Andrlík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
The World

This article deals with the issues of effectiveness of personal income tax in the Czech Republic. The personal income tax in the Czech Republic, referred to as the tax on income of natural persons, represents a significant part of the public budget revenue (23.35% of all tax revenues in 2012). One of the principles of a good tax system is the principle of its effectiveness. The effectiveness of a particular tax is measured by various methods. The theory distinguishes between two types of costs expended on the collection of taxes, i. e. administrative costs (direct or indirect) and excessive tax burden. In the case of direct administrative costs the measurement compares the total volume of a particular tax revenue with the costs of its collection. The amount of the tax levied is thus not a net income of the public budget, due to the fact that it must be reduced by the costs of the public sector which are necessary for obtaining such amount. In this contribution we shall focus on the measurement of direct administrative costs. The measurement of effectiveness of income tax on natural persons is performed with the use of the full-time equivalent (FTE) method, which is based on the classification of revenue authorities staff according to their jobs and on the determination of conversion coefficients in order to identify costs related to the collection of a particular tax. A separate part of the article deals with measurements of tax system effectiveness in the international scope. We cite an important international study, "Paying Taxes 2013: The Global Picture", annually prepared by the World Bank and PricewaterhouseCoopers, which analyses demands of tax systems in different countries of the world.

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