scholarly journals Prolonged static muscle stretch reduces spasticity - But for how long should it be held?

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hale ◽  
V. U. Fritz ◽  
M. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Muscle Stretch ◽  
Normal Movement ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Vascular Accidents ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscles

The rehabilitation of patients with upper motor neurone lesions often necessitates the reduction of spasticity before normal movement patterns can be taught. One proven technique is that of prolonged stretch to the affected muscle. However, the duration of the stretch has not been defined. This study aimed to investigate which of the following durations of prolonged muscle stretch - two, ten or thirty minutes - was optimal in reducing spasticity in spastic quadriceps femoris muscles of adult patients following cerebral vascular accidents or head trauma. The degree of spasticity was measured by the use of four methods, prior to, and after stretching. Twenty-nine spastic muscles were stretched for the three durations on different occasions, and the data analysed using the student's T-test.Results indicated that the most beneficial duration of prolonged muscle stretch in decreasing spasticity was ten minutes.

scholarly journals Study of Relationship of Anemia among Edentulous Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Lijo Isaac ◽  
A. P. Nirmal Raj ◽  
Reshma Karkera ◽  
R Naveen Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Student’S T Test

Very little studies were done on relationship of the dental status and the nutritional status. The present study was done to study relation between edentulism and the presence of anemia. The study was included of 46 adult patients with edentulism and same numbers of patients were taken as controls. The results were tabulated and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS statistics 20 using student’s t test. The hemoglobin levels were lower in the edentulous patients that that of the control group. The present study had shown that the nutritional status were poor resulting in anemia in case of edentulous patients as compared to control group with the same age group.  

Contractile and connective tissue protein content of human skeletal muscle: effects of 35 and 90 days of simulated microgravity and exercise countermeasures

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1722-R1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Haus ◽  
John A. Carrithers ◽  
Chad C. Carroll ◽  
Per A. Tesch ◽  
Todd A. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Simulated Weightlessness ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
General Protein ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscles ◽  
Femoris Muscle

We examined the effects of 35 and 90 days of simulated microgravity with or without resistance-exercise (RE) countermeasures on the content of the general skeletal muscle protein fractions (mixed, sarcoplasmic, and myofibrillar) and specific proteins that are critical for muscle function (myosin, actin, and collagen). Subjects from two studies, using either unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) or bed rest (BR), comprised four separate groups: 35 days ULLS ( n =11), 35 days ULLS+RE ( n = 10), 90 days BR ( n = 9), and 90 days BR+RE ( n = 8). RE consisted of four sets of seven maximal concentric and eccentric repetitions of the quadriceps femoris muscles that were performed 2 or 3 times per week. Pre- and post-simulated weightlessness muscle biopsies were analyzed from the vastus lateralis of all groups and the soleus of the 35-day ULLS and 90-day BR groups. The general protein fractions and the specific proteins myosin, actin, and collagen of the vastus lateralis were unchanged ( P > 0.05) in both control and countermeasures groups over 35 and 90 days, despite large changes in quadriceps femoris muscle volume (35 days ULLS: −9%, 35 days ULLS+RE: +8%; and 90 days BR: −18%, 90 days BR+RE: −1%). The soleus demonstrated a decrease in mixed (35 days ULLS: −12%, P = 0.0001; 90 days BR: −12%, P = 0.004) and myofibrillar (35 days ULLS: −12%, P = 0.009; 90 days BR: −8%, P = 0.04) protein, along with large changes in triceps surae muscle volume (35 days ULLS: −11%; 90 days BR: −29%). Despite the loss of quadriceps femoris muscle volume or preservation with RE countermeasures during simulated microgravity, the quadriceps femoris muscles are able to maintain the concentrations of the general protein pools and the main contractile and connective tissue elements. Soleus muscle protein composition appears to be disproportionately altered during long-duration simulated weightlessness.

scholarly journals Face burns: A four-year experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Rasmussen ◽  
Kathleen S Romanowski ◽  
Soman Sen ◽  
Tina L Palmieri ◽  
David G Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Introduction Burns on the face pose unique management challenges because they are in a place that is constantly visible, so scars are hard to hide. The goal of this study was to review our experience of adult patients who had face burns. Methods We performed a retrospective review of adult patients (≥ 18 years old) who were admitted to a regional burn center from July 2015 – June 2019 with face burns. Sex, age, ethnicity, burn etiology, burn size, and discharge status were collected from electronic medical records of the patients who met study criteria. Descriptive statistics, student’s t-tests, and chi-square tests were performed in Stata/SE 16.1. Significance was defined as a p-value <0.05. Results In four years, 595/1705 patients (~35% of admissions) were admitted with face burns. The mean age was 44.9 ± 17.0 (mean ± SD) years, with the majority being men (475, 80%). The mean burn size was 19.8 ± 20.9% total body surface area (TBSA) with 10.1 ± 19.8% TBSA being third degree. The mean head burn size for any face burn was 2.8 ± 1.8% TBSA. The majority of burns were due to flames (478, 80%) and of those 122 (21%) were from accelerant use and 43 (7%) resulted from propane or butane use. Scalds caused 53 (9%), electric 25 (4%), hot tar 5 (1%), and chemical 5 (1%). Overall, 208 (35%) patients had grafting of some portion of their body, but only 31 patients (5.2%) had face grafting. The mean age of those with face grafting compared to patients who did not need grafting was 45.9 ± 13.8 and 44.9 ± 17.2 years, respectively. Patients who needed grafting had a mean third degree burn size of 31.7 ± 25.4% TBSA and a mean head (including face) burn size of 4.7 ± 2.0% TBSA, whereas patients who did not need grafting had a mean third degree burn size of 8.9 ± 18.7% TBSA and a mean head burn size of 2.7 ± 1.8% head TBSA. Patients requiring face grafts had longer lengths of stay, intensive unit stays, ventilator days, and mortality than those whose face burns healed spontaneously. Discussion Overall, head burns in adults were common within the four-year time span we studied, but only a small fraction (5%) had face grafts. The patients who needed grafting for their head burns had significantly larger total body and face burns, and had a 2.4-fold higher mortality rate compared to patients who did not need grafting. Most face burns were caused by flame, especially the use of accelerants or flammable gases. Prevention efforts should focus on avoiding the use of accelerants and being careful with flammable gases.

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