scholarly journals Standard residential flood damage functions for South African conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gawie De Villiers ◽  
Giel Viljoen ◽  
Herman Booysen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Function ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
The University

Disaster risk management is an integral part of a scientific approach to disaster management. It refers to integrated, multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary, organizational and operational planning processes and skills to mitigate disasters. Application of the approach necessitates disaster risk analysis, requiring flood damage functions in the case of floods. A flood damage function can be described mathematically, tabularly or graphically and refers to the relationship between flood characteristics like depth and/or speed of floodwater and flood damage to a specific land use type. Research conducted at the University of the Free State indicated the value of standard residential flood damage functions and the necessity for periodic updating to secure contemporary relevance. This article focuses on updating of the latter. The article starts with an introduction to put the development, use and maintenance of standard residential flood damage functions in context with regard to the latest views on disaster risk management, risk assessment, disaster management legislation in South Africa and a computer model TEWA, in which the flood damage functions are used. Aspects that can affect flood damage are briefly discussed, followed by sections on the development and upgrading of structural flood damage functions for formal housing as well as functions for determining damage to housing contents. The development of residential flood damage functions that can be applied nationally forms the main part of the paper and is followed by a brief summary statement.

scholarly journals The role of traditional leadership in disaster management and disaster risk governance: A case of Ugu District Municipality by-laws

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonhlanhla A. Zamisa ◽  
Sybert Mutereko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Traditional Leaders ◽  
Traditional Leadership

Section 151(2) of the Constitution empowers municipalities in South Africa to pass disaster management-related by-laws. Such by-laws should be specific on the role of traditional leaders, owing to their authority and proximity to the people coupled with their constitutional mandate to preserve customs and traditions. However, their role is often not maximised because of vague and inadequate policies. There has been little or no scholarly attention to the role of traditional leadership and the policy and legal framework that guide their participation in disaster risk management. Employing a comprehensive content analysis of Ugu District Municipality Disaster Management By-law, this article assesses the adequacy of these by-laws on disaster risk governance in the context of collaboration disaster risk reduction. While the Ugu District Municipality Disaster Management By-law provides for the participation of traditional leadership, this study reveals that it is fraught with ambiguities and seemingly vague clauses. For instance, although in Article 5.1.1 the word ‘authorities’ is used, it is not clear whether this refers to traditional leadership or other entities at the local level. In addition, the composition of the Disaster Management Advisory Forum in Ugu does not explicitly include AmaKhosi. While these results add to the rapidly expanding field of disaster risk management, they also suggest several courses of action for policymakers at local government. Such actions might include, but not limited to, a review of the by-laws to address the lack of collaborative essence relative to traditional leaders for optimal disaster risk reduction initiatives targeting traditional communities.

scholarly journals DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FROM THE PERSEPCTIVE OF AGENCIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraini Omar Chong ◽  
Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Disaster Management Planning

Disaster is a major threat that could jeopardise the development of economic, social and physical elements of a nation as well as the well-being of its people. The damage and loss of property and life caused by disasters are overwhelming and least desired by any country. Review of literature as presented in this research indicated that by having a good disaster risk management (DRM) plan and well-coordinated efforts and commitment among related disaster management agencies at all levels and local stakeholders, would potentially lead to disaster risk reductions, increase preparedness and response, and reduction of damage to assets and loss of life. With a long list of agencies and aid bodies that are currently involved in various stages of DRM, putting the idea into reality has proven to be highly challenging particularly on establishing good coordination between agencies and with other stakeholders for a more effective DRM process. This paper identified three major issues and challenges in DRM in Malaysia, particularly from the perspective of agencies. These issues and challenges include (1) disaster management planning imbalanced between top-down and bottom-up approaches, (2) lack of coordination in disaster management cycle, with greater focus only on the disaster emergency response stage and, (3) lack of planning of long-term recovery (post-disaster) process, which resulted in low level community and stakeholders’ resilience to disasters.

scholarly journals DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FROM THE PERSEPCTIVE OF AGENCIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraini Omar Chong ◽  
Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Disaster Management Planning

Disaster is a major threat that could jeopardise the development of economic, social and physical elements of a nation as well as the well-being of its people. The damage and loss of property and life caused by disasters are overwhelming and least desired by any country. Review of literature as presented in this research indicated that by having a good disaster risk management (DRM) plan and well-coordinated efforts and commitment among related disaster management agencies at all levels and local stakeholders, would potentially lead to disaster risk reductions, increase preparedness and response, and reduction of damage to assets and loss of life. With a long list of agencies and aid bodies that are currently involved in various stages of DRM, putting the idea into reality has proven to be highly challenging particularly on establishing good coordination between agencies and with other stakeholders for a more effective DRM process. This paper identified three major issues and challenges in DRM in Malaysia, particularly from the perspective of agencies. These issues and challenges include (1) disaster management planning imbalanced between top-down and bottom-up approaches, (2) lack of coordination in disaster management cycle, with greater focus only on the disaster emergency response stage and, (3) lack of planning of long-term recovery (post-disaster) process, which resulted in low level community and stakeholders’ resilience to disasters.

Natural Hazards Governance in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevaola Kusumasari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Active Tectonic

Geographically, Indonesia is located in southeast Asia between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. It is recognized as an active tectonic region because it consists of three major active tectonic plates: the Eurasian plate in the north, the Indo-Australian plate in the south, and the Pacific plate in the east. The southern and eastern parts of the country feature a volcanic arc stretching from the islands of Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi, while the remainder of the region comprises old volcanic mountains and lowlands partly dominated by marshes. Territorially, it is located in a tropical climate area, with its two seasons—wet and dry—exhibiting characteristic weather changes, such as with regard to temperature and wind direction, that can be quite extreme. These climatic conditions combine with the region’s relatively diverse surface and rock topographies to provide fertile soil conditions. Conversely, the same conditions can lead to negative outcomes for this densely populated country, in particular, the occurrence of hydrometeorological disasters such as floods, landslides, forest fires, and drought. The 2017 World Risk Report’s ranking of countries’ relative vulnerability and exposure to natural hazards such as earthquakes, storms, floods, droughts, and sea-level rise calculated Indonesia to be the 33rd most at-risk country. Between 1815 and 2018, 23,250 natural hazards occurred here; 302,849 people died or were otherwise lost, 371,059 were injured, and there were 39,514,636 displaced persons, as well as billions of rupiah in losses. The most frequent type of natural hazard has been floods (8,919 instances), followed by cyclones (5,984), and then landslides (4,947). Following these latest disasters and acknowledging that Indonesia is becoming increasingly vulnerable to such natural hazards, the country’s government established a comprehensive disaster management system. Specifically, it instituted an organization capable of and responsible for handling such a wide-reaching and complex situation as a natural hazard. A coordinated national body had first been developed in 1966, but the current discourse concerning proactive disaster risk management at national and local levels has encouraged the central government to adapt this organization toward becoming more accountable to and involving the participation of local communities. Law No. 24/2007 of the Republic of Indonesia Concerning Disaster Management, issued on April 26, 2007, established a new National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), but it also focusses on community-based disaster risk management pre- and post-disaster. Through the BNPB and by executing legislative reform to implement recommendations from the international disaster response laws, Indonesia has become a global leader in legal preparedness for natural hazards and the reduction of human vulnerability.

Building Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia: A Way Forward

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Earl Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Domestic Capital

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) was established in 1986. It was restructured in July 2003 to focus on specific technical areas: climate variability and change management, urban disaster risk management, public health in emergencies, building national and provincial disaster management systems, and community based disaster risk management (CBDRM), promoting regional cooperation, identifying disaster risk management (DRM) needs in the region and developing strategic solutions. The consolidation enables ADPC's teams to work more effectively with stakeholders and build cross-team inputs into their work. Multiple hazards under this new thematic approach are a key concept along with new areas of importance to DRM that include chemical, biological and radio-nuclear risks, heritage and disaster mitigation, and the role of domestic capital markets in financing improvements in the built environment to create a safer, more disaster-resilient world. The terms “risk management”, “risk reduction”, “vulnerability reduction”, “capacity building” and “mitigation” began replacing the reactive term “disaster management”, thus making pro-active DRM in Asia part of the development agenda that must deal with the growing variety and intensity of hazards. It was a shift from short-term, reactive, charity-driven responses to long-term, proactive, development initiatives. Making the right development choices requires coordinated efforts by committed leaders who have the political will and determination to include risk reduction measures in their policies and plans; a corporate sector that will prioritise risk issues and include them into their business plans; scientists who will provide the knowledge and understanding of current and new areas of risk reduction; committed non-government agencies that advocate for risk reduction; educators who are responsible for shaping the awareness of future generations; a mass media that has the power to influence and change behaviour; and informed citizens who make choices about the risks in their lives.

scholarly journals Disaster Risk Management in the Province of Córdoba (Argentina): Participation Mechanisms in the Organizational Structure and Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Silvia E. Fontana ◽  
Sofía Conrero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The Government

The most important mission of subnational governments in terms of disaster risk management is to plan and create structures and processes necessary for the construction of governance, stimulating communication among all the actors involved to strengthen the bonds of trust and the assumption of common responsibilities and individuals, and for a more efficient use of resources. On one hand, this raises important demands in terms of organizational redesign, counting on decision, communication and flexible relations processes that allow the articulation of people and resources within the organization and outside of it, in order to establish the different functions and results to be achieved through collaborative work, based on the objectives of disaster risk management. On the other hand, it requires a review of planning processes, with the participation of actors from all areas and levels, indispensable in the design and implementation, monitoring and evaluation of such planning. In this paper we analyze the ways in which the government of the province of Córdoba (Argentina) designs its organizational structure and raises its disaster risk management planning processes in a participatory manner, in order to guarantee joint work between government, civil society, private sector and at-risk populations.

scholarly journals The capacity of personnel in disaster risk management in South African municipalities

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon J. Wentink ◽  
Dewald Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
South African ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
New Era ◽  
National Disaster

Since 1994, fundamental transformation in South Africa in terms of disaster risk reduction taken place. The transformation process led to the promulgation of the Disaster Management Act (57/2002) (DMA) that introduced a new era of disaster risk management (DRM) in South Africa. The National Disaster Management Framework (NDMF) that followed in 2005 put clear guidelines in place for implementing the DMA and emphasised the importance of the integration and coordination of DRM activities in all spheres of government. To adhere to the requirements of the DMA regarding personnel, certain DRM structures like interdepartmental committees, disaster management centres, disaster management frameworks and disaster management advisory forums must be in place. Since the promulgation of the DMA in 2003, South African municipalities have had ample time to get the structures in place. This article tries to evaluate the degree to which South African municipalities adhere to the requirements of the DMA in terms of personnel. Municipalities were selected per province, and the research is based on a 20% representative sample of all 279 municipalities in South Africa. A mixed method of research was followed. The result of this research showed a clear lack of implementation in terms of the DMA. A number of disaster management personnel work in other municipal departments, meaning that their attention cannot fully be focused on activities relating to DRM.

Socio-Cultural Approach on Disaster Risk Management of Sirnaresmi Customary Village, West Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Iwan Permana ◽  
Rosliana Dewi ◽  
Johan Budhiana ◽  
Iyam Mariam ◽  
Lia Novianty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
West Java ◽  
Local Leadership

The Sirnaresmi indigenous people are one of the communities that still maintain their traditional culture to this day. In carrying out the rules and customs in the community, Sirnaresmi Village has its own institutional structure. There are several stakeholder institutions that support landslide risk reduction in Sirnaresmi Village. This study aims to determine the socio-cultural life and disaster risk management of the customary community in Sirnaresmi Village, West Java. The result showed that efforts to reduce the risk of landslides in Sirnaresmi Village have been carried out. However, the capacity in Sirnaresmi Village is still insufficient to reduce the risk of landslides. Some possible solutions are disaster risk reduction efforts by community organizing in disaster management through the formation of Disaster Management Community Groups (KMPB) and increasing public knowledge in reducing disaster risk together with experts from the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Sukabumi Regency. The other practical implications were also suggested such as by nurturing local traditions to help reduce disaster risk and involving local leadership roles in disaster risk reduction efforts.

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