PEGylated methotrexate based micellar conjugates for anticancer chemotherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
DivyaBhargava Bansal ◽  
Dipankar Bhadra ◽  
Umesh Gupta ◽  
NK Jain
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Chemotherapy

Influence of measurement error on assessment of response to anticancer chemotherapy: proposal for new criteria of tumor response.

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Warr ◽  
S McKinney ◽  
I Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Criteria

The decision to use a given type of chemotherapy to treat cancer patients is often based on the prior demonstration that a proportion of similar patients has "responded" in a clinical trial. Most responses are recorded as a partial shrinkage of tumor, defined usually as a greater than 50% shrinkage of the sum of cross-sectional areas of index lesions for at least one month. The errors in categorization of response have been estimated by comparing measurements of several physicians on real or simulated malignant lesions. False categorization of partial response based on a comparison of two measurements of the same lesion was 1.3% and 12.6% for large and small simulated nodules, respectively, 13.1% for malignant neck nodes, and 0.8% for metastatic lung nodules. Partial response for hepatic lesions has been defined by a 50% or 30% decrease in liver span below the costal margin; these definitions led to a false categorization of partial response of 8.5% and 18.4%, respectively. Larger errors are evident when using the current definition of disease progression that requires only a 25% increase in area. False categorization of response is increased by comparing any of serial measurements with the initial lesions, as is usually done clinically. Many published trials have used criteria for response that are subject to large errors; an uncritical interpretation of their results may lead to inappropriate treatment of patients. Based on the results, new criteria for evaluating tumor response are proposed.

scholarly journals A Patient of Using Presepsin to Diagnose Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome during Anticancer Drug Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gaku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Infection Focus

Background. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a rapidly progressive infection, with potentially rapid patient deterioration in a very short period. We experienced a rare case of STSS during anticancer chemotherapy, and we continuously measured presepsin (P-SEP) and evaluated its usefulness. Case Presentation. A 60-year-old woman with pulmonary metastasis from cervical cancer began anticancer chemotherapy. A fever of >40°C and right lower leg swelling developed on day 3. Symptoms worsened despite cefmetazole treatment (1.0 g/day). Blood culture was performed without suspecting STSS. On day 5, symptoms worsened and acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores increased. C-reactive protein (CRP) increased from 28.8 mg/dl to 35.5 mg/dl and P-SEP also increased from 1,635 to 2,350 pg/mL. STSS was suspected due to the rapid progression of brown discoloration of the entire right lower leg. Ceftriaxone 2 g/day and clindamycin 1,200 mg/day were begun. On the evening of day 5, blood culture revealed rapidly progressive group A streptococci. After that, symptoms improved rapidly with treatment, and SOFA and DIC scores also decreased. While CRP remained at about 0.5 mg/dl, P-SEP remained slightly elevated at about 400 pg/mL. A residual infection focus was suspected. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a capsule-enclosed abscess in the right lower leg soleus muscle on day 32. Debridement was performed and antibiotics were continued until P-SEP was 88 pg/mL. CT confirmed the disappearance of the abscess. Conclusion. Prompt diagnosis by blood culture and a sufficiently early, appropriate change in antibiotic therapy led to successful recovery from STSS during anticancer chemotherapy without lower limb amputation. P-SEP was useful in assessment of the residual infection focus and suspending treatments.

scholarly journals The role of reduced intracellular concentrations of active drugs in the lack of response to anticancer chemotherapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose JG Marin ◽  
Maria J Monte ◽  
Alba G Blazquez ◽  
Rocio IR Macias ◽  
Maria A Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Intracellular Concentrations

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Toxicity of Anticancer Chemotherapy in Patients with Colon Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wiela-Hojeńska ◽  
Teresa Kowalska ◽  
Emilia Filipczyk-Cisarż ◽  
Łukasz Łapiński ◽  
Karol Nartowski
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy

Cancer stem cells

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Connor Sweeney ◽  
Lynn Quek ◽  
Betty Gration ◽  
Paresh Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Oncogenic Mutation

The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) emerged from our understanding of the way in which normal tissues are generated from multipotent stem cells. Regenerative tissues exhibit a cellular hierarchy of differentiation, which is maintained by stem cells. Evidence from experimental models has indicated that a similar hierarchy is seen in at least some cancers, where CSCs give rise to disordered and dysfunctional tissues, leading to disease. The CSC model proposes that tumours can be divided into at least two distinct populations. The stem cells are a specialized population of cancer cells with the unique property of long-term self-renewal that maintain the growth of the cancerous clone. These stem cells give rise to the second population of cells, which form the bulk of the tumour, and lack indefinite self-renewal. Recently, our understanding of CSCs has been refined through combining genetic, epigenetic, and functional models of tumorigenesis. Malignant transformation occurs as the result of sequential acquisition of genetic mutations. Capacity for self-renewal is essential for a clone to survive and progress to become cancerous. If an oncogenic mutation occurs in a cell that is incapable of self-renewal, the clone will become exhausted through differentiation. CSCs may survive anticancer chemotherapy and increasing evidence indicates their role in mediating treatment resistance and relapse. Therefore, strategies to eradicate cancers must effectively target the stem cells that maintain their growth. CSC-directed therapeutic strategies are currently being explored in experimental studies and clinical trials but reducing toxicity to normal tissue stem cells represents a significant challenge.

scholarly journals Overview of Breast Cancer and Implications of Overtreatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: An Indian Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 789-798
Author(s):  
Gouri Shankar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Dinesh C. Doval ◽  
Chirag J. Desai ◽  
Harit Chaturvedi ◽  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Distant Recurrence ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Fear Of Recurrence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Anticancer Chemotherapy

The prevalence and mortality of breast cancer is increasing in Asian countries, including India. With advances in medical technology leading to better detection and characterization of the disease, it has been possible to classify breast cancer into various subtypes using markers, which helps predict the risk of distant recurrence, response to therapy, and prognosis using a combination of molecular and clinical parameters. Breast cancer and its therapy, mainly surgery, systemic therapy (anticancer chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy), and radiation therapy, are associated with significant adverse influences on physical and mental health, quality of life, and the economic status of the patient and her family. The fear of recurrence and its devastating effects often leads to overtreatment, with a toxic cost to the patient financially and physically in cases in which this is not required. This article discusses some aspects of a breast cancer diagnosis and its impact on the various facets of the life of the patient and her family. It further elucidates the role of prognostic factors, the currently available biomarkers and prognostic signatures, and the importance of ethnically validating biomarkers and prognostic signatures.

The interaction between HMGB1 and TLR4 dictates the outcome of anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Apetoh ◽  
François Ghiringhelli ◽  
Antoine Tesniere ◽  
Alfredo Criollo ◽  
Carla Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Chemotherapy
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