Relation of ocular fundus changes with blood pressure and proteinuria in pregnancy induced hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
AkshayJ Bhandari ◽  
SurekhaV Bangal ◽  
DiptiD Padghan ◽  
PratikY Gogri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Ocular Fundus ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
In Pregnancy

Plasma catecholamines in pregnancy induced hypertension

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Rubin ◽  
Lucy Butters ◽  
Rosemary McCabe ◽  
John L. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Noradrenaline Concentration ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the genesis of early hypertension in young people. Studies in pregnancy allow observations to be made on evolving, recently established and resolving hypertension in the human. We describe the results of two studies involving women who developed hypertension during pregnancy. 2. In the first study, plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured in 17 women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and 17 normotensive pregnant control subjects. Plasma noradrenaline (nmol/l) was lower in the PIH group compared with control patients in both semi-recumbent (1.11 ± 0.53 vs 1.98 ± 0.96, P < 0.001) and standing positions (1.31 ± 0.65 vs 2.57 ± 1.27, P < 0.005). Five days post partum, plasma noradrenaline had risen in the PIH group compared with pregnant values in semi-recumbent (1.65 ± 1.0 vs 1.11 ± 0.52, P < 0.05) and standing positions (2.46 ± 1.5 vs 1.31 ± 0.65, P < 0.05). In the normotensive patients plasma noradrenaline did not differ between post partum and pregnant values (1.51 ± 0.73 vs 1.98 ± 0.96 semi-recumbent; 2.00 ± 1.16 vs 2.57 ± 1.7 standing). 3. Logarithmic transformation of the noradrenaline concentration data resulted in a significant (P < 0.02) negative correlation with diastolic blood pressure in the pregnant patients but not post partum. Plasma adrenaline concentration was the same in both groups. 4. In the second study, plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured sequentially through pregnancy in five women who developed PIH and five control subjects who remained normotensive. There was no difference in catecholamine concentrations between groups at any stage, but noradrenaline concentration tended to fall as blood pressure rose in the PIH patients. 5. We conclude that the sympathetic nervous system does not contribute to the development of PIH but responds to the increased blood pressure with decreased activity.

scholarly journals Normal pregnancy: mechanisms underlying the paradox of a ouabain-resistant state with elevated endogenous ouabain, suppressed arterial sodium calcium exchange, and low blood pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (6) ◽  
pp. H1317-H1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandiese E. Jacobs ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Maria V. Pulina ◽  
Vera A. Golovina ◽  
John M. Hamlyn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Endogenous Ouabain ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Resistant State ◽  
In Pregnancy

Endogenous cardiotonic steroids (CTS) raise blood pressure (BP) via vascular sodium calcium exchange (NCX1.3) and transient receptor-operated channels (TRPCs). Circulating CTS are superelevated in pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. However, their significance in normal pregnancy, where BP is low, is paradoxical. Here we test the hypothesis that vascular resistance to endogenous ouabain (EO) develops in normal pregnancy and is mediated by reduced expression of NCX1.3 and TRPCs. We determined plasma and adrenal levels of EO and the impact of exogenous ouabain in pregnancy on arterial expression of Na+ pumps, NCX1.3, TRPC3, and TRPC6 and BP. Pregnant (embryonic day 4) and nonpregnant rats received infusions of ouabain or vehicle. At 14–16 days, tissues and plasma were collected for blotting and EO assay by radioimmunoassay (RIA), liquid chromatography (LC)-RIA, and LC-multidimensional mass spectrometry (MS3). BP (−8 mmHg; P < 0.05) and NCX1.3 expression fell (aorta −60% and mesenteric artery −30%; P < 0.001) in pregnancy while TRPC expression was unchanged. Circulating EO increased (1.14 ± 0.13 nM) vs. nonpregnant (0.6 ± 0.08 nM; P < 0.05) and was confirmed by LC-MS3 and LC-RIA. LC-MS3 revealed two previously unknown isomers of EO; one increased ∼90-fold in pregnancy. Adrenal EO but not isomers were increased in pregnancy. In nonpregnant rats, similar infusions of ouabain raised BP (+24 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.001). In ouabain-infused rats, impaired fetal and placental growth occurred with no BP increase. In summary, normal pregnancy is an ouabain-resistant state associated with low BP, elevated circulating levels of EO, two novel steroidal EO isomers, and increased adrenal mass and EO content. Ouabain raises BP only in nonpregnant animals. Vascular resistance to the chronic pressor activity of endogenous and exogenous ouabain is mediated by suppressed NCX1.3 and reduced sensitivity of events downstream of Ca2+ entry. The mechanisms of EO resistance and the impaired fetal and placental growth due to elevated ouabain may be important in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia (PE).

scholarly journals RETINAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY INDUCED-HYPERTENSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
MANDAR ZADE ◽  
V. PANIMALAR A. VEERAMANI ◽  
DIVYA N. ◽  
BINDU BHASKARAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Changes In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective: The aim is to determine the prevalence of retinal changes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and its association with age, parity, proteinuria, blood pressureand severity of PIH. Methods: This is a tertiary hospital based Cross-Sectional study including all patients, clinically diagnosed with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. General demographic details along with age, gravida, gestation period, proteinuria, blood pressure and severity of PIH were noted. Ophthalmic examination was performed and detailed fundus examination was done. Results: A total of 52 patients were included in this study. Their mean age was 24.9 y; 32 out of 52 patients were primigravida (61%) and 20 patients were multi gravida (39%). Out of 52 patients 34 (65.38%) had Gestational Hypertension, 16 (30.76%) had preeclampsia, and 2 (3.8%) had eclampsia. 3 (5.76%) out of 29 patients with BP<160/100 mmHg and 10 (19.23%) out of 23 patients with BP>160/100 mmHg had developed Hypertensive Retinopathy. Hypertensive Retinopathy was seen in 13 (25%). Proteinuria was seen in 10 (19.23%) patients ranging between+to+++on the dipstick. Conclusion: Statistically significant correlation between retinal changes and proteinuria, blood pressure and severity of Disease.The most important requisite in a case of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is Fundoscopic examination of retina. The retinal vessels during PIH form a gateway to visualize changes in the body and placental vessels, and may play a key role in early detection and treatment of PIH for protection of the mother as well as the fetus.

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