gestational hypertension
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexin Chen ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Xing Xin ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Aihong Yu ◽  
...  

ObjectiveCalcium supplementation can prevent gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. However, besides the non-consensus of existing studies, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal dosing of calcium.MethodEight electronic databases, namely, the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Web of Science, EMBASE, WANGFANG, VIP, CBM, and CNKI, were searched. The studies were retrieved from inception to July 13, 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality based on the inclusion criteria. In particular, the calcium supplementation doses were divided into three groups, namely, the high-dose (≥1.5 g), medium-dose (1.0–1.49 g), and the low-dose group (<1.0 g). The participants were also divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, according to the risk of developing gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia.Results and DiscussionA total of 48 studies were incorporated into the final analyses. All doses of calcium supplementation reduced the incidence of gestational hypertension in the low-risk population (low dose - three studies; medium dose- 11 studies; high dose- 28 studies), whereas the medium-dose (three studies) reduced the incidence of gestational hypertension in high-risk groups. Moreover, a medium dose of calcium supplementation had the maximum effect in reducing gestational hypertension in low-risk and high-risk populations. The medium (three studies) and high doses (13 studies) of calcium supplementation reduced the incidence of pre-eclampsia in the low-risk groups. However, a medium-dose calcium supplementation maximally prevented pre-eclampsia in the low-risk population. The authenticity and reliability of the results were reduced due to the limitations of contemporary studies in terms of experimental design, result measurement, statistics, and evidence quality. Therefore, high-quality studies with larger sample size are required to evaluate further the effect of calcium supplementation in preventing gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Corominas ◽  
Yollyseth Medina ◽  
Silvia Balconi ◽  
Roberto Casale ◽  
Mariana Farina ◽  
...  

We assessed the diagnostic utility of uric acid for the prediction of preeclampsia. An observational prospective approach was carried out during 2014. Preeclamptic women were classified into 4 groups accordingly to the onset of preeclampsia and the presence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Serum uric acid levels, urea, and creatinine were measured. Receiver operating curves (ROC) of the uric acid levels ratio (UAr) between a dosage before and after the 20th week of gestation were performed. One thousand two hundred and ninety-third pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Eight hundred ten had non-complicated pregnancies, 40 preeclampsia, 33 gestational hypertension, and 20 IUGR without preeclampsia. Uric acid significantly raised after 20 weeks of gestation in women who develop preeclampsia before 34 weeks (Group A) or in those who develop preeclampsia after 37 weeks associated with IUGR (Group C). In women who develop preeclampsia after 34 weeks without IUGR (Groups B and D), uric acid increased after the 30th week of gestation. In all groups, UAr was greater than 1.5. In gestational hypertension, UAr was superior to 1.5 toward the end of gestation, while in IUGR without preeclampsia, the behavior of serum uric acid was similar to non-complicated pregnancies. In all cases, urea and creatinine showed normal values, confirming that patients had no renal compromise. ROC area was 0.918 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.858–0.979) for the preeclampsia group and 0.955 (95% CI: 0.908–1.000) for Group A. UAr at a cut-off point ≥1.5 had a very low positive predictive value, but a high negative predictive value of 99.5% for preeclampsia and it reached 100% for Group A. Thus, a UAr less than 1.5 may be a helpful parameter with a strong exclusion value and high sensitivity for those women who are not expected to develop preeclampsia. Additionally, this low-cost test would allow for better use of resources in developing countries.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanxiang Sun ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Shijia Huang ◽  
Xiaosong Liu ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
...  

ObjectiveTo study the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART).MethodsThis hospital-based retrospective cohort study of women with live singleton births through ART in China from January 2015 to August 2020 included 3043 Chinese women. According to the latest BMI classification standard of Asian women, the women included in this study were classified as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal (BMI 18.5 to <23 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 23 to <27.5 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2). We compared the risk of adverse outcomes of different pre-pregnancy BMI values of women with singleton pregnancies conceived through ART. We used Logistic regression analysis to estimate the associations between pre-pregnancy BMI and adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes.ResultsOur findings showed that women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy through ART are more likely to have a cesarean section, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia, regardless of whether confounding factors are adjusted. Moreover, pre-pregnancy obesity was more associated with a higher risk of these adverse outcomes than pre-pregnancy overweight. In addition, neonates from women who had obesity before pregnancy through ART were more likely to have macrosomia; adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.004 (1.693-5.330).ConclusionsOur research showed that women who had pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity with singleton pregnancies through ART were more likely to have a cesarean section, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. Moreover, neonates from women who had obesity before pregnancy were more likely to have macrosomia.


Author(s):  
Baojian Xue ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Terry G. Beltz ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Shun‐Guang Wei ◽  
...  

Background A recent study conducted in male offspring demonstrated that maternal gestational hypertension (MHT) induces hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS) elicited by postweaning high‐fat diet (HFD). In this study, we investigated the sensitizing effect of MHT on postweaning HFD‐induced hypertensive response in female rat offspring and assessed the protective role of estrogen in HTRS. Methods and Results The results showed that MHT also induced a sensitized HFD‐elicited hypertensive response in intact female offspring. However, compared with male offspring, this MHT‐induced HTRS was sex specific in that intact female offspring exhibited an attenuated increase in blood pressure. Ovariectomy significantly enhanced the HFD‐induced increase in blood pressure and the pressor response to centrally administered angiotensin II or tumor necrosis factor‐α in offspring of normotensive dams, which was accompanied by elevated centrally driven sympathetic activity, upregulated mRNA expression of prohypertensive components, and downregulated expression of antihypertensive components in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. However, when compared with HFD‐fed ovariectomized offspring of normotensive dams, the MHT‐induced HTRS and pressor responses to centrally administered angiotensin II or tumor necrosis factor‐α in HFD‐fed intact offspring of MHT dams were not potentiated by ovariectomy, but the blood pressure and elicited pressor responses as well as central sympathetic tone remained higher. Conclusions The results indicate that in adult female offspring MHT induced HTRS elicited by HFD. Estrogen normally plays a protective role in antagonizing HFD prohypertensive effects, and MHT compromises this normal protective action of estrogen by augmenting brain reactivity and centrally driven sympathetic activity.


Author(s):  
Elin Täufer Cederlöf ◽  
Maria Lundgren ◽  
Bertil Lindahl ◽  
Christina Christersson

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between pregnancy complications and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after adjustment for major confounding. Methods and Results In a nationwide register‐based cohort study, women with singleton births between 1973 and 2014 were included from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Outcomes of mortality and hospitalizations of CVD were collected from the Cause of Death Register and the National Inpatient Register. The cohort was followed from the date of the first delivery until death or end of follow‐up, whichever occurred first. The pregnancy complications studied were preeclampsia or eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and stillbirth. Among the 2 134 239 women (mean age at first pregnancy, 27.0 [SD, 5.1] and mean parity 1.96 [SD, 0.9]), 19.1% (N=407 597) had 1 of the studied pregnancy complications. All pregnancy complications were associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for CVD (ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease) after adjustment for major confounding in a Cox proportional hazard regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality was 1.84 (95% CI, 1.38–2.44) for preterm birth and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.81–5.44) for stillbirth. Conclusions In this large cohort study, pregnancy complications were associated with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and hospitalizations for CVD, also after adjusting for confounding, including overweight, smoking, and comorbidities. The study highlights that less established pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and stillbirth are also associated with cardiovascular mortality and CVD.


2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Hong ◽  
Tao Le ◽  
Yinping Lu ◽  
Xiang Shi ◽  
Ludan Xiang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Current research on perinatal depression rarely pays attention to the continuity and volatility of depression symptoms over time, which is very important for the early prediction and prognostic evaluation of perinatal depression. This study investigated the trajectories of perinatal depression symptoms and aimed to explore the factors related to these trajectories. Methods The study recruited 550 women during late pregnancy (32 ± 4 weeks of gestation) and followed them up 1 and 6 weeks postpartum. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Latent growth mixture modelling (LGMM) was used to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Results Two trajectories of perinatal depressive symptoms were identified: “decreasing” (n = 524, 95.3%) and “increasing” (n = 26, 4.7%). History of smoking, alcohol use and gestational hypertension increased the chance of belonging to the increasing trajectories, and a high level of social support was a protective factor for maintaining a decreasing trajectory. Conclusions This study identified two trajectories of perinatal depression and the factors associated with each trajectory. Paying attention to these factors and providing necessary psychological support services during pregnancy would effectively reduce the incidence of perinatal depression and improve patient prognosis.


Stroke ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Kai Hung ◽  
Moon-Sing Lee ◽  
Hon-Yi Lin ◽  
Liang-Cheng Chen ◽  
Chi-Jou Chuang ◽  
...  

Background and Purpose: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) comprise 4 subtypes. Previous studies have not investigated the relationship between stroke risk, different HDP subtypes, and follow-up time, which was the purpose of this study. Methods: Data of 17 588 women aged 18 to 45 years who had a history of HDP in Taiwan from 2000 to 2017 was retrospectively reviewed. After matching with confounders, 13 617 HDP women and 54 468 non-HDP women were recruited. Results: HDP women had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.71 (95% CI, 1.46−2.00) for stroke, and 1.60 (1.35−1.89) and 2.98 (2.13−4.18) for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively ( P <0.001 for all). The overall stroke risk in the HDP group was still 2.04 times 10 to 15 years after childbirth (1.47−2.83, P <0.001). Although the risks of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke persisted, their risk time trends were different. The risk of ischemic stroke reached peak during 1 to 3 years after childbirth with an aHR of 2.14 (1.36–3.38), while hemorrhagic stroke risk gradually increased and had an aHR of 4.64 (2.47−8.73) after 10 to 15 years of childbirth (both P <0.001). Among the 4 HDP subtypes, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia had the highest stroke risk (aHR=3.86, 1.91−7.82, P <0.001), followed by preeclampsia–eclampsia (aHR=2.00, 1.63−2.45, P <0.001), and gestational hypertension (aHR=1.68, 1.13−2.52, P <0.05); chronic preexisting hypertension had the lowest stroke risk (aHR=1.27, 0.97−1.68, P >0.05). Furthermore, multiple HDP combined with preeclampsia had aHR of 5.48 (1.14−26.42, P <0.05). Conclusions: The effect of HDP on the risk of future stroke persisted for up to 17 years, both for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The presence of multiple HDP and preeclampsia further increase the stroke risk.


Author(s):  
Neha Rathore ◽  
Reema Khajuria ◽  
Rohini Jaggi

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, and remain amongst the most significant and intriguing unsolved problems in obstetrics. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that women with high serum β-hCG levels in early pregnancy are at higher risk of developing gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.Methods: This is a prospective study done in 200 women between 13 and 20 weeks of gestation, selected randomly for this study. Serum β-hCG estimation was done by Sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay method and calculated in multiple of median (MOM).  They were followed till delivery for development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Results were analysed statistically.Results: Out of 200 cases, 43 (21.5%) cases developed PIH. β-hCG levels were considered raised if the levels were >2 MOM.  Out of 39 cases with beta HCG levels >2 MOM, 32 (82.1%) developed PIH whereas 7 (17.9%) remain normotensives against. Also, higher levels of beta HCG are associated with increased severity of PIH (p<0.000). The sensitivity was 82%, specificity was 93.2% and positive predictive value was 74.3%.Conclusions: The study conclude that elevated serum β-hCG levels in women with second trimester pregnancy indicates increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia and raised β-hCG levels are associated with severity of disease


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Muhammad Azfar Bin Wan Shuaib ◽  
Nor Azlin Mohamed Ismail ◽  
Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf ◽  
Hanita Othman

Introduction. Adverse Pregnancy outcomes (APO) continue to trouble physicians worldwide, and uric acid has become a marker of interest in its prediction. Despite this, the correlation of uric acid in the third trimester is rarely studied, and the reference value for normal uric acid levels in pregnancy has yet to be established. This study was done to evaluate the association of uric acid levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and the development of APO, specifically gestational hypertension (GH), pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), small for gestational age (SGA) and to determine a cut-off value of serum uric acid levels for screening of the APO. Materials and methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted among 374 women who delivered at Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and developed the APO of interest and had serum uric acid levels taken during the third trimester of pregnancy. A cut off value of 309 µmol/L was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity in predicting the APO. Results.  Associations are observed between 309 µmol/L and the development of GH (p<0.0005), PE (p<0.0005), GDM (p<0.0005), SGA (p=0.0264). Plotted ROC curves with cutoff point of 309 µmol/L demonstrated moderate predictive value of serum uric acid and the development of GH (AUC 0.639), PE (AUC 0.713), SGA (AUC 0.649) and low predictive value for GDM (AUC 0.4). Conclusion. Serum uric acid level of 309 µmol/L in the third trimester of pregnancy is a moderate predictor of GH, PE, SGA and a poor predictor of GDM. KEYWORDS: Uric acid; pregnancy trimester, third; pregnancy outcome


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