A prospective observational study of injection pain in children with medium plus long chain triglyceride and long chain triglyceride propofol premixed with lignocaine

Introduction: Propofol is widely accepted drug because of its rapid and smooth induction, short context-sensitive time, rapid terminal half-life time and low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is used for sedation and anaesthesia for almost all types of surgeries. During a propofol injection, pain due to the long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsion is experienced by 70% of adults and up to 85% of children. Despite various strategies to reduce propofol injection pain, this still poses a clinical problem in adults and children, and the incidence reported to be 30–90%. A medium-chain triglyceride/long-chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT) emulsion has been advised to reduce injection pain as compared to propofol LCT in adults and teenagers Material and Methods: 100 children aged 5–13 years, in American Society Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II, undergoing elective general anaesthesia without any contraindication to propofol anaesthesia were included in the study. Injection pain following injection propofol was assessed in all patients, but the anaesthetist was blinded for which formula was being used. Results: The demographic characteristics like age, sex, weight, amount of propofol given, ASA physical status and recovery period was calculated. No statistically significant difference was observed in both the groups. Incidence of pain and severe pain in LCT group was 24 (48%) and 7 (14%) respectively while incidence of pain and severe pain in MCT/LCT group was 15 (30%) and 1 (2%) respectively. Pain score was found less in group MCT / LCT. Conclusion: Medium plus long chain triglycerides and long chain propofol along with lignocaine significantly reduces the incidence as well as the severity of injection pain in the paediatric age group and can be used in children for sedation or induction of anaesthesia.

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A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Study Comparing Propofol Medium Chain/Long Chain Triglyceride And Propofol Medium Chain/Long Chain Triglyceride With Lignocaine On Injection Pain

The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.5580/1ef3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Blind Study ◽

Injection Pain ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Long Chain ◽

Long Chain Triglyceride

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The effectiveness of ultrasonogram guided intervention in chronic shoulder pain cases attending pain clinic of a government hospital of East zone, India: a prospective observational study

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20201751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 748

Author(s):

Pabitra Biswas ◽

Uttam K. Roy ◽

Purnendu Mandal

Keyword(s):

Pain Relief ◽

Observational Study ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Pain Clinic ◽

Injection Pain ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

Tertiary Teaching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chronic Shoulder Pain

Background: Ultrasonogram guided intervention in chronic shoulder pain is well known for relief of pain and improvement of range of movement (ROM) of affected shoulder joint. Ultrasonogram gives accuracy helps in localized corticosteroid delivery. Corticosteroids relieve the pain by its anti-inflammatory effect. There is conflicting evidence available regarding the effectiveness of the intervention in chronic shoulder pain, questioned in many studies. We planned this study to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonogram guided intervention in chronic shoulder pain in a tertiary teaching hospital of rural Bengal.Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out in 100 patients with chronic shoulder pain attending pain clinic who fulfilled predetermined inclusion criteria. Patients were injected with 40 mg of depomethyl prednisolone and 10 ml of 1% preservative free lignocaine via standard posterior approach. Then half an hour of standard shoulder range of motion (ROM) exercise regimen was performed under supervision. Pre injection and post injection pain level were scored by visual analogue score (VAS) shoulder exercises were taught and home-based physiotherapy was carried out by patients themselves. Patient were followed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.Results: The mean age of patients was 53.23±5.680 years with 63 % male study subjects, After the intervention, excellent result in VAS score and improvement of ROM observed in patients. There was statistically significant difference from baseline in both pain relief and shoulder movement.Conclusions: USG guided intervention is effective in pain relief and in improvement in ROM in chronic shoulder pain in long term.

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