A case of Kartagener's syndrome with combined aplasia of frontal and sphenoid sinuses and hypoplasia of maxillary and ethmoid sinuses

Acute (less than 30 days' duration) infections of the paranasal sinuses are seen in children, usually as complication of viral upper respiratory tract infections or allergic inflammation. Chronic (more than 30 days' duration) sinusitis may result when acute sinusitis is not recognized as such or is inadequately treated. Although there are few data on which to base an estimate of the frequency of these disorders, acute sinusitis is commonly encountered in pediatric practice, and chronic sinusitis is not rare. EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND PHYSIOLOGY A brief review of the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the paranasal sinuses will facilitate an understanding of the clinical manifestations of acute and chronic sinusitis. All of the sinuses develop as outpouchings of the nasal mucosa. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses develop between the third and fifth months of gestation and are pneumatized soon after birth. Although the frontal and sphenoid sinuses also develop during gestation, they remain primitive for several years. The frontal sinuses are not distinct from the anterior ethmoid sinuses until they reach the superior orbital ridge at about 2 years of age; they assume a supraorbital position at 2 to 4 years of age and are in the frontal position at about 6 years of age. The sphenoid sinuses first become well pneumatized at 2 to 3 years of age.

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Relationship of the Optic Nerve to the Paranasal Sinuses as Shown by Computed Tomography

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988709600405 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 331-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Stephen F. Bansberg ◽

Stephen G. Harner ◽

Glenn Forbes

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

High Resolution ◽

Sphenoid Sinus ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Sinus Cavity ◽

Bony Plate ◽

Ethmoid Sinuses ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Sphenoid Sinuses

Restricted exposure and inconsistencies in sinus pneumatization place the optic nerve at risk during operations on the sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoid cells. In this study, computed tomography was used to examine these relationships. We reviewed 80 patients who underwent high-resolution computed tomographic scanning for ophthalmologic complaints in which the scan was negative. Forty-eight percent of posterior ethmoid cells are separated from the optic nerve by the thin bony lamina of the optic canal. Nearly 90% of sphenoid sinuses contact the ipsilateral optic nerve and 10% contact both nerves. Eight percent of posterior ethmoid cells override the ipsilateral sphenoid sinus and contact the optic nerve on that side. Paraxial reformatted displays allowed estimation of the degree of projection of the optic nerve into adjacent sinus cavities. Three percent of optic nerves have significant projection into the posterior ethmoid cell, and 23% project significantly into the sphenoid sinus. The width of the bony plate that separates the optic nerve from the sinus cavity was the same for sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. Although sinus pneumatization varies among individuals, right and left sides are generally similar within one person.

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MRI of the paranasal sinuses: incidental abnormalities and their relationship to symptoms

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100115609 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 278-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Lynn D. Cooke ◽

Donald M. Hadley

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Incidental Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Nasal Symptoms ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ethmoid Sinuses ◽

Inflammatory Changes ◽

Mucosal Thickening ◽

Sphenoid Sinuses

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging is able to demonstrate a wide range of sinus abnormalities. Incidental findings in patients referred for neuroradiology because of suspected intracranial pathology are surprisingly common and were present in 37.5 per cent of 483 images examined. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were most commonly affected with 27 and 26 per cent of images abnormal whereas the frontal and sphenoid sinuses were less commonly affected with 5 per cent of each abnormal. If minor changes were excluded then 17 per cent of patients had either fluid, a polyp or marked mucosal thickening in at least one sinus. Nasal symptoms, other than the presence of a cold, showed no statistically significant relationship to abnormal findings. Many people with inflammatory changes in their sinuses demonstrated on MRI do not have symptoms classically attributed to sinusitis.

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Hemangioma of the Sphenoid and Ethmoid Sinuses: Two Case Reports

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556130308200317 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 217-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John D. Kilde ◽

John S. Rhee ◽

Andre A. Balla ◽

Michelle M. Smith ◽

Timothy L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Case Reports ◽

Ethmoid Sinus ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Diagnosis And Management ◽

Risk Of Bleeding ◽

Histologic Appearance ◽

Ethmoid Sinuses ◽

Sphenoid Sinuses

Hemangiomas of the paranasal sinuses are rare, particularly those of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. Although imaging of the sinuses is key to determining the extent of involvement, the diagnosis is based on the lesion's histologic appearance. Obtaining an adequate biopsy can be difficult in light of the risk of bleeding and the relative inaccessibility of lesions in this region. These obstacles can make the diagnosis and management of these lesions particularly challenging. We describe two new cases of sinonasal hemangioma—one in the ethmoid sinus and one in the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses—and we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that are needed to manage these lesions.

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Bronchial stereocilia in the immotile cilia syndrome: A case report

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100110635 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 52-53

Author(s):

George Price ◽

Lizardo Cerezo

Keyword(s):

Surface Modifications ◽

Respiratory Epithelium ◽

Immotile Cilia ◽

Kartagener's Syndrome ◽

Membrane Blebs ◽

Radial Spokes ◽

Males And Females ◽

Dynein Arms ◽

Ultrastructural Finding ◽

Ultrastructural Findings

Ultrastructural defects of ciliary structure have been known to cause recurrent sino-respiratory infection concurrent with Kartagener's syndrome. (1,2,3) These defects are also known to cause infertility in both males and females. (4) Overall, the defects are defined as the Immotile, or Dyskinetic Cilia Syndrome (DCS). Several ultrastructural findings have been described, including decreased number of cilia, multidirection orientation, fused and compound cilia, membrane blebs, excess matrix in the axoneme, missing outer tubular doublets, translocated doublets, defective radial spokes and dynein arms. A rare but noteworthy ultrastructural finding in DCS is the predominance of microvilli-like structures on the luminal surface of the respiratory epithelium. (5,6) These permanent surface modifications of the apical respiratory epithelium no longer resemble cilia but reflect the ultrastructure of stereocilia, similar to that found in the epidydimal epithelium. Like microvilli, stereocilia are devoid of microtubular ultrastructure in comparison with true cilia.

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Computed Tomography of the Ethmoid Sinuses

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/s0030-6665(20)31890-9 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 29-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Donald W. Chakeres

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ethmoid Sinuses

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Nonneoplastic Etiologies of Erosive Disease of the Frontal and Ethmoid Sinuses

10.1055/s-0040-1702718 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jose L. Mattos ◽

Steven A. Newman ◽

Mark J. Jameson

Keyword(s):

Erosive Disease ◽

Ethmoid Sinuses

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Paranasal Sinus Mucocele Clinical, imagistic and biochemical aspects

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.8.6513 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Doina Vesa ◽

Cristian Martu ◽

Razvan Leata ◽

Ludmila Lozneanu ◽

luminita Radulescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Asymmetry ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Mri Scans ◽

The One ◽

Ethmoid Sinuses ◽

Retrospective Case Study ◽

Cellular Components ◽

Ct And Mri

Paranasal mucoceles are a type of cysts that evolve slowly and are asymptomatic; this poses a difficulty in diagnosing the patient because the symptoms can go unnoticed. The mucocele evolves unpredictably. On the one hand, it can become infected turning into pyoceles and on the other hand, it can invade important regions such as the orbital, cranial or genian regions, creating facial asymmetry. This is a retrospective case study of 37 patients diagnosed with sinus mucoceles, followed up by clinical examination and paraclinical tests such as CT and MRI scans. The biochemical components of the liquid from within the mucocele were analyzed and the following criteria were recorded: NaCl-, Cl-, Na+ and cholesterine as well as cellular components such as mastocytes, macrophages, hematocytes and leucocytes. In all cases, the treatment option was surgery with favorable post-operative and follow-up evaluation. The mucoceles that appeared post-operatively (maxillary and ethmoid sinuses) evolved more rapidly than the mucoceles that were induced byan external injury. Longer follow-up of operated patients permitted a more timely diagnosis of recurrences.

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